This contributed volume features invited papers on current research and applications in mathematical structures. Featuring various disciplines in the mathematical sciences and physics, articles in this volume discuss fundamental scientific and mathematical concepts as well as their applications to topical problems. Special emphasis is placed on important methods, research directions and applications of analysis within and beyond each field. Covered topics include Metric operators and generalized hermiticity, Semi-frames, Hilbert-Schmidt operator, Symplectic affine action, Fractional Brownian motion, Walker Osserman metric, Nonlinear Maxwell equations, The Yukawa model, Heisenberg observables, Nonholonomic systems, neural networks, Seiberg-Witten invariants, photon-added coherent state, electrostatic double layers, and star products and functions. All contributions are from the participants of the conference held October 2016 in Cotonou, Benin in honor of Professor Mahouton Norbert Hounkonnou for his outstanding contributions to the mathematical and physical sciences and education. Accessible to graduate students and postdoctoral researchers, this volume is a useful resource to applied scientists, applied and pure mathematicians, and mathematical and theoretical physicists.