The nature of cognition is rapidly changing, as new and more seamless forms of high-tech cognitive enhancement (including brain-computer interfaces, artificial neurons, even belief implantation) are on the horizon. Autonomous Knowledge: Radical Enhancement, Autonomy, and the Future of Knowing is the first book-length inquiry into how epistemologists should react to these actual as well as possible advances in cognition, and a central conclusion developed and defended throughout the book is that epistemic autonomy is necessary for knowledge (both knowledge-that and knowledge-how) and in ways that epistemologists have hitherto not appreciated. The book is divided into five chapters. Chapter 1 motivates the need for the inclusion of an autonomous belief condition on propositional knowledge, a condition the satisfaction of which neither entails nor is entailed by the satisfaction of an epistemic justification condition (or, for that matter, any epistemic condition on knowledge). Chapters 2 and 3 flesh fleshed out this proposal in two important ways, by (i) defending a specific form of history-sensitive externalism with respect to propositional knowledge-apt autonomous belief (Ch. 2) and (ii) by showing how the idea that knowledge requires autonomous belief - understood along the externalist lines proposed - corresponds with an entirely new class of knowledge defeaters (Ch. 3). Chapter 4 extends the proposal to (both intellectualist and anti-intellectualist) knowledge-how and performance enhancement, and in a way that combines insights from virtue epistemology with research on freedom, responsibility and manipulation. Chapter 5 concludes with a new twist on the Value of Knowledge debate, by vindicating the value of epistemically autonomous knowledge over that which falls short, including (mere) heteronomous but otherwise epistemically impeccable justified, true belief"--
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