5 The Fundamental Rights Jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Structure and Nature of the EU Judicial System -- Principles and Notions Guiding the ECJ -- Procedural Context -- 5.3 Development of Fundamental Rights by the ECJ -- Fundamental Rights as General Principles of EU Law -- The ECJ as a Fundamental Rights Court? -- 5.4 Fundamental Rights in the ECJ's Case Law after Lisbon -- Material Scope of Application -- Acts and Omissions of EU Institutions -- Acts and Omissions of Member States -- Application of the CFR in Relation to Private Parties -- Effect of Primary EU Law in Relations between Private Parties -- Interpretation of Secondary Legislation Applicable to Relations between Private Parties -- Claims That a Provision of National Law Is Incompatible with EU Fundamental Rights -- Direct Applicability of the CFR in Relations between Private Parties -- Rights Holders: Individuals, Legal Persons and Public Authorities -- Judicial Review of Rights and Principles -- Review of Justification -- Deference and the Margin of Appreciation -- Positive Obligations -- Filling the Gaps - Interpretation and Further Development of Fundamental Rights -- 5.5 The Relationship Between the Charter of Fundamental Rights, National Constitutional Rights and the ECHR -- The CFR and National Constitutional Rights -- The CFR and the ECHR -- 5.6 Rights Protected by the CFR -- Title I - Dignity -- Title II - Freedoms -- Title III - Equality -- Title IV - Solidarity -- Title V - Citizens' Rights -- Title VI - Justice -- 5.7 Conclusion -- 6 Summary and Conclusion -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 External Activities -- 6.3 Internal Activities -- Human Rights on the Extra-Legal Dimension -- Human Rights Legislation -- Institutions and Procedures for the Adjudication of Human Rights -- Methods of Interpretation in Human Rights Adjudication