In this research, I will touch one dimension only from that big picture, on the social origin causing the democratization of Indonesia. Moslem variable is not yet to be explored.

From the causes that ignite this democratic transition, Indonesia’s pattern can be one of the road maps for other Moslem countries to transform themselves from the present condition.

This book is my dissertation in achieving my Ph.D from Ohio State University, Columbus, United States of America in 2001. I deliberately present this dissertation in complete format as the record of events and theoretical debate developing at that time, which do not updated by the data and theory developed lately. This is the academic portrait in its era.