In December 1863, Civil War soldiers took refuge from the dismal conditions of war and weather. They made their winter quarters in the Piedmont region of central Virginia, the Union's Army of the Potomac in Culpeper County, the Confederacy's Army of Northern Virginia in neighboring Orange County. For the next six months, the opposing soldiers eyed each other warily across the Rapidan River. In "Music Along the Rapidan," James A. Davis examines the role of music in defining the social communities that emerged during this winter encampment. Music was an essential part of each soldier's personal identity and Davis considers how music became a means of controlling the acoustic and social cacophony of war that surrounded them. Music also became a touchstone for colliding communities during the encampment--the communities of the enlisted men and officers or Northerners and Southerners on the one hand, and the shared communities occupied by both soldier and civilian on the other--enabling them to define their relationships and their environment, emotionally, socially, and audibly.