Governments have increasingly come to recognize the economic potential and fiscal advantages of privatization. Privatization, under the right conditions, can also yield environmental benefits and contribute to sustainable development. This report contains a number of case studies which highlight the lessons learned about the environmental implications of privatization. It stresses that privatization offers an opportunity for making strategic decisions with longer-term impacts. This report also emphasizes that integrating environmental and social considerations into the privatization process leads to more sustainable outcomes. It also recommends strategies toward building on the positive linkages between privatization and environmental protection.