This memoir contains a complete classification of the finite irreducible 2-subgroups of GL(4, C). Specifically, the author provides a parametrized list of representatives for the conjugacy classes of such groups, where each representative is defined by generating a set of monomial matrices. The problem is treated by a variety of techniques, including: elementary character theory; a method for describing Hasse diagrams of submodule lattices; and calculation of 2-cohomology by means of the Lyndon-Hochschild-Serre spectral sequence. Related questions concerning isomorphism between the listed groups and Schur indices of their defining characters are also considered