This book summarizes the basics of electricity and magnetism prior to covariant formulation of Maxwell's equations. The book works out the basics of special relativity and then applies the covariant formalism to understand radiation, both in vacuum and in material medium. The emphasis is on cleaner mathematical formalism based on experimental facts. The book contains many problems/exercises which will help the students to understand the basics of the subject. The difference between the present book with existing books of this level lies in the presentation of the topics and the subjects chosen. Instead of presenting a lot of material related to electromagnetism, it presents some very important but selected problems of advanced electromagnetism to students who are learning it for the first time. This book is aimed at graduate/advanced graduate students who have done at least one basic level course in electricity and magnetism.
The primary objective of this book is to study some of the research topics in the area of analysis of complex surveys which have not been covered in any book yet. It discusses the analysis of categorical data using three models: a full model, a log-linear model and a logistic regression model. It is a valuable resource for survey statisticians and practitioners in the field of sociology, biology, economics, psychology and other areas who have to use these procedures in their day-to-day work. It is also useful for courses on sampling and complex surveys at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels. The importance of sample surveys today cannot be overstated. From voters’ behaviour to fields such as industry, agriculture, economics, sociology, psychology, investigators generally resort to survey sampling to obtain an assessment of the behaviour of the population they are interested in. Many large-scale sample surveys collect data using complex survey designs like multistage stratified cluster designs. The observations using these complex designs are not independently and identically distributed – an assumption on which the classical procedures of inference are based. This means that if classical tests are used for the analysis of such data, the inferences obtained will be inconsistent and often invalid. For this reason, many modified test procedures have been developed for this purpose over the last few decades.
The terms phase transitions and phase transformations are often used in an interchangeable manner in the metallurgical literature. In Phase Transformations, transformations driven by pressure changes, radiation and deformation and those occurring in nanoscale multilayers are brought to the fore. Order-disorder transformations, many of which constitute very good examples of continuous transformations, are dealt with in a comprehensive manner. Almost all types of phase transformations and reactions that are commonly encountered in inorganic materials are covered and the underlying thermodynamic, kinetic and crystallographic aspects elucidated. - Shows readers the advancements in the field - due to enhanced computing power and superior experimental capability - Drawing upon the background and the research experience of the authors, bringing together a wealth of experience - Written essentially from a physical metallurgists view point
This is a comprehensive exposition of survey sampling useful both to the students of statistics for the course on sample survey and to the survey statisticians and practitioners involved in consultancy services, marketing, opinion polls, and so on. The text offers updated review of difficult classical techniques of survey sampling, besides covering prediction-theoretic approach of survey sampling and nonsampling errors. NEW TO THIS EDITION Two new chapters—Nonparametric Methods of Variance Estimation (Chapter 19) and Analysis of Complex Surveys (Chapter 20)—have been added. These would greatly benefit the readers. KEY FEATURES Covers concepts of unequal probability sampling. Provides problems of making inference from finite population using tools of classical inference. Describes nonsampling errors including Randomised Response Techniques. Gives over 70 worked-out examples and more than 120 problems and solutions. Supplies live data from India and Sweden—in examples and exercises. What the Reviewer says: This is a very comprehensive modern text on survey sampling with a strong slant towards theoretical results. The book is an excellent reference book and would be a good graduate level sampling text for a course with an emphasis on sampling theory. — JESSE C. ARNOLD, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
This useful volume provides a thorough synthesis of second-order asymptotics in multistage sampling methodologies for selection and ranking unifying available second-order results in general and applying them to a host of situations Contains, in each chapter, helpful Notes and Overviews to facilitate comprehension, as well as Complements and Problems for more in-depth study of specific topics!
This textbook presents a classical approach to some techniques of multivariate analysis in a simple and transparent manner. It offers clear and concise development of the concepts; interpretation of the output of the analysis; and criteria for selection of the methods, taking into account the strengths and weaknesses of each." "This book is ideal as an advanced textbook for graduate students in statistics and other disciplines like social, biological and physical sciences. It will also be of benefit to professional statisticians." --Book Jacket.
Exploring theories and applications developed during the last 30 years, Digital Geometry in Image Processing presents a mathematical treatment of the properties of digital metric spaces and their relevance in analyzing shapes in two and three dimensions. Unlike similar books, this one connects the two areas of image processing and digital geometry,
The Theory of Probability is a major tool that can be used to explain and understand the various phenomena in different natural, physical and social sciences. This book provides a systematic exposition of the theory in a setting which contains a balanced mixture of the classical approach and the modern day axiomatic approach. After reviewing the basis of the theory, the book considers univariate distributions, bivariate normal distribution, multinomial distribution and convergence of random variables. Difficult ideas have been explained lucidly and have been augmented with explanatory notes, examples and exercises. The basic requirement for reading this book is simply a knowledge of mathematics at graduate level. This book tries to explain the difficult ideas in the axiomatic approach to the theory of probability in a clear and comprehensible manner. It includes several unusual distributions including the power series distribution that have been covered in great detail. Readers will find many worked-out examples and exercises with hints, which will make the book easily readable and engaging. The author is a former Professor of the Indian Statistical Institute, India.
As more images and videos are becoming available in compressed formats, researchers have begun designing algorithms for different image operations directly in their domains of representation, leading to faster computation and lower buffer requirements. Image and Video Processing in the Compressed Domain presents the fundamentals, properties, and applications of a variety of image transforms used in image and video compression. It illustrates the development of algorithms for processing images and videos in the compressed domain. Developing concepts from first principles, the book introduces popular image and video compression algorithms, in particular JPEG, JPEG2000, MPEG-2, MPEG-4, and H.264 standards. It also explores compressed domain analysis and performance metrics for comparing algorithms. The author then elucidates the definitions and properties of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT), discrete cosine transform (DCT), integer cosine transform (ICT), and discrete wavelet transform (DWT). In the subsequent chapters, the author discusses core operations, such as image filtering, color enhancement, image resizing, and transcoding of images and videos, that are used in various image and video analysis approaches. He also focuses on other facets of compressed domain analysis, including video editing operations, video indexing, and image and video steganography and watermarking. With MATLAB® codes on an accompanying CD-ROM, this book takes you through the steps involved in processing and analyzing compressed videos and images. It covers the algorithms, standards, and techniques used for coding images and videos in compressed formats.
Reverse engineering is widely practiced in the rubber industry. Companies routinely analyze competitors’ products to gather information about specifications or compositions. In a competitive market, introducing new products with better features and at a faster pace is critical for any manufacturer. Reverse Engineering of Rubber Products: Concepts, Tools, and Techniques explains the principles and science behind rubber formulation development by reverse engineering methods. The book describes the tools and analytical techniques used to discover which materials and processes were used to produce a particular vulcanized rubber compound from a combination of raw rubber, chemicals, and pigments. A Compendium of Chemical, Analytical, and Physical Test Methods Organized into five chapters, the book first reviews the construction of compounding ingredients and formulations, from elastomers, fillers, and protective agents to vulcanizing chemicals and processing aids. It then discusses chemical and analytical methods, including infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, chromatography, and microscopy. It also examines physical test methods for visco-elastic behavior, heat aging, hardness, and other features. A chapter presents important reverse engineering concepts. In addition, the book includes a wide variety of case studies of formula reconstruction, covering large products such as tires and belts as well as smaller products like seals and hoses. Get Practical Insights on Reverse Engineering from the Book’s Case Studies Combining scientific principles and practical advice, this book brings together helpful insights on reverse engineering in the rubber industry. It is an invaluable reference for scientists, engineers, and researchers who want to produce comparative benchmark information, discover formulations used throughout the industry, improve product performance, and shorten the product development cycle.
This textbook is the student edition of the work on vibrations, dynamics and structural systems. There are exercises included at the end of each chapter.
This is the first book primarily dedicated to clustering using multiobjective genetic algorithms with extensive real-life applications in data mining and bioinformatics. The authors first offer detailed introductions to the relevant techniques – genetic algorithms, multiobjective optimization, soft computing, data mining and bioinformatics. They then demonstrate systematic applications of these techniques to real-world problems in the areas of data mining, bioinformatics and geoscience. The authors offer detailed theoretical and statistical notes, guides to future research, and chapter summaries. The book can be used as a textbook and as a reference book by graduate students and academic and industrial researchers in the areas of soft computing, data mining, bioinformatics and geoscience.
The only comprehensive guide to the theory and practice of one oftoday's most important probabilistic techniques The past 15 years have witnessed many significant advances insequential estimation, especially in the areas of three-stage andnonparametric methodology. Yet, until now, there were no referencesdevoted exclusively to this rapidly growing statisticalfield. Sequential Estimation is the first, single-source guide to thetheory and practice of both classical and modern sequentialestimation techniques--including parametric and nonparametricmethods. Researchers in sequential analysis will appreciate theunified, logically integrated treatment of the subject, as well ascoverage of important contemporary procedures not covered in moregeneral sequential analysis texts, such as: * Shrinkage estimation * Empirical and hierarchical Bayes procedures * Multistage sampling and accelerated sampling procedures * Time-sequential estimation * Sequential estimation in finite population sampling * Reliability estimation and capture-recapture methodologiesleading to sequential tagging schemes An indispensable resource for researchers in sequential analysis,Sequential Estimation is an ideal graduate-level text as well.
Priced very competitively compared with other textbooks at this level! This gracefully organized textbook reveals the rigorous theory of probability and statistical inference in the style of a tutorial, using worked examples, exercises, numerous figures and tables, and computer simulations to develop and illustrate concepts. Beginning wi
Zusammenfassung: The book, divided into two major parts, discusses the evolution of the concept and symbols of zero and the history of pi. Both the topics are discussed from the Neolithic Age to the nineteenth century. The book also clears the assumption that Johann Heinrich Lambert (AD 1761) only invented the irrationality of pi by crediting Lambert jointly with André Marie Legendre (AD 1794). Part 1, consisting of six stages spread in six chapters, meets a challenge to the authors as eminent scholars of the history of mathematics have diverse opinions based on conjectures. This part primarily discusses how the symbol O, in the Vedic religious practices, considered a replica of the universe prescribed for meditation on the unknown Brahman (conceived of as the space supreme in the Upanishads), was later transcended to the symbol of an unknown quantity in mathematics along with a dot for zero in an arena of atheism. It also highlights how the zero notation and the decimal system of Indian numerals embellished with the algebraic thoughts of Brahmagupta passed on to China and Europe via Arabia. Topics in this part have traced the development from the origin to the final form as seen today after the western practice and try to put an end to the long-standing debate over history. Appendices contain the Sanskrit verses (transliterated with meanings into English) along with the essential mathematical deduction referred to in the body of the part to help the reader to have a better understanding. Part 2 speaks of a novel idea of unveiling the nature of pi interwoven with threads of historical ups and downs in the world scenario. This part, containing five chapters, collects all available up-to-date data in every field of history to make the presentation complete in all respects. This part discusses the origin of the definition of pi as the rim of a wheel is thrice its diameter at the Indus Valley in the fourth millennium BC. This part also discusses the enlightenment of China in circle-squaring (classical method), Indian mathematics with astronomical knowledge along the Buddhist channel, and India's discovering circumference/diameter as a non-Euclidean number
The concept of higher order derivatives is useful in many branches of mathematics and its applications. As they are useful in many places, nth order derivatives are often defined directly. Higher Order Derivatives discusses these derivatives, their uses, and the relations among them. It covers higher order generalized derivatives, including the Peano, d.l.V.P., and Abel derivatives; along with the symmetric and unsymmetric Riemann, Cesàro, Borel, LP-, and Laplace derivatives. Although much work has been done on the Peano and de la Vallée Poussin derivatives, there is a large amount of work to be done on the other higher order derivatives as their properties remain often virtually unexplored. This book introduces newcomers interested in the field of higher order derivatives to the present state of knowledge. Basic advanced real analysis is the only required background, and, although the special Denjoy integral has been used, knowledge of the Lebesgue integral should suffice.
This textbook has been primarily written for undergraduate and postgraduate engineering students studying the mechanics of solids and structural systems. The content focuses on matrix, finite elements, structural analysis, and computer implementation in a unified and integrated manner. Using classical methods of structural analysis, it discusses matrix and the finite element methods in an easy-to-understand manner. It consists of a large number of diagrams and illustrations for easy understanding of the concepts. All the computer codes are presented in "FORTRAN" AND "C". This textbook is highly useful for the undergraduate and postgraduate engineering students. It also acquaints the practicing engineers about the computer-based techniques used in structural analysis.
This book introduces the theory of structural dynamics, with focus on civil engineering structures. It presents modern methods of analysis and techniques adaptable to computer programming clearly and easily. The book is ideal as a text for advanced undergraduates or graduate students taking a first course in structural dynamics. It is arranged in such a way that it can be used for a one- or two-semester course, or span the undergraduate and graduate levels. In addition, this book serves the practicing engineer as a primary reference. This book is organized by the type of structural modeling. The author simplifies the subject by presenting a single degree-of-freedom system in the first chapters and then moves to systems with many degrees-of-freedom in the following chapters. Many worked examples/problems are presented to explain the text, and a few computer programs are presented to help better understand the concepts. The book is useful to the research scholars and professional engineers, besides senior undergraduate and postgraduate students.
This book is an attempt to present an integrated and unified approach to the analysis of FRP composite materials which have a wide range of applications in various engineering structures- offshore, maritime, aerospace and civil engineering; machine components; chemical engineering applications, and so on.
This Book Provides A Comprehensive Account Of Survey Sampling Theory In Fixed Population Approach And Model Based Approach. After Making A Critical Review Of Different Results In Fixed Population Set Up It Shows How Super Population Models Can Be Exploited To Produce Optimal And Robust Sampling Strategies, Specially In Large Scale Sample Surveys. The Central Theme Of The Book Is The Use Of Super Population Models In Making Inference From Sample Surveys. The Book Also Gives Suitable Emphasis On Different Practical Aspects, Like Choice Of Sampling Designs, Variance Estimation, Different Replication And Resampling Procedures.The Author Has Taken Care To Presuppose Nothing More On The Part Of The Reader Than A First Course In Statistical Inference, Sampling Theory And Regression Analysis. He Has Systematically Arranged The Main Results, Supplied Short Proofs, Examples, Explanatory Notes And Remarks And Indicated Research Areas. The Book Will Be Very Useful To Researchers. The Survey Practitioners Will Also Find Some Part Of The Book Very Helpful.
This volume presents recent results in reliability theory by leading experts in the world. It will prove valuable for researchers, and users of reliability theory. It consists of refereed invited papers on a broad spectrum of topics in reliability. The subjects covered include Bayesian reliability, Bayesian reliability modeling, confounding in a series system, DF tests, Edgeworth approximation to reliability, estimation under random censoring, fault tree reduction for reliability, inference about changes in hazard rates, information theory and reliability, mixture experiment, mixture of Weibull distributions, queuing network approach in reliability theory, reliability estimation, reliability modeling, repairable systems, residual life function, software spare allocation systems, stochastic comparisons, stress-strength models, system-based component test plans, and TTT-transform.
Interactively Run Simulations and Experiment with Real or Simulated Data to Make Sequential Analysis Come AliveTaking an accessible, nonmathematical approach to this field, Sequential Methods and Their Applications illustrates the efficiency of sequential methodologies when dealing with contemporary statistical challenges in many areas.The book fir
This unique atlas presents the recorded spectrum of CH3OH, the main isotopic species of methanol, in the range 28-1258 cm-1. The spectral plot is accompanied by a list of all currently assigned rotation-torsion-vibration lines in the absorption spectrum of methanol. The list of nearly 35,000 transitions spans all of the known microwave transitions, as well as the region of coincidence with CO2 laser emissions.
Interdisciplinary Engineering Sciences introduces and emphasizes the importance of the interdisciplinary nature of education and research from a materials science perspective. This approach is aimed to promote understanding of the physical, chemical, biological and engineering aspects of any materials science problem. Contents are prepared to maintain the strong background of fundamental engineering disciplines while integrating them with the disciplines of natural science. It presents key concepts and includes case studies on biomedical materials and renewable energy. Aimed at senior undergraduate and graduate students in materials science and other streams of engineering, this book Explores interdisciplinary research aspects in a coherent manner for materials science researchers Presents key concepts of engineering sciences as relevant for materials science in terms of fundamentals and applications Discusses engineering mechanics, biological and physical sciences Includes relevant case studies and examples
This book is about the p53 gene, one of the most frequently mutated or deleted genes in human cancers. The frequent occurrence of inactivated p53 implicates this gene product in the genesis of many human cancers. The p53 gene can suppress the growth of cancer cells and the transformation process by oncogenes. The p53 protein is a transcription factor that can repress or activate promoters containing one of three p53 DNA-binding motifs. The activity of p53 is regulated by phosphorylation and other transcription factors. Replacement of the p53 function or restoration of the p53 biochemical pathway is a focus of gene therapy.
Over the last few decades, uncertainty quantification in composite materials and structures has gained a lot of attention from the research community as a result of industrial requirements. This book presents computationally efficient uncertainty quantification schemes following meta-model-based approaches for stochasticity in material and geometric parameters of laminated composite structures. Several metamodels have been studied and comparative results have been presented for different static and dynamic responses. Results for sensitivity analyses are provided for a comprehensive coverage of the relative importance of different material and geometric parameters in the global structural responses.
Beginning with an introduction to cryptography, Hardware Security: Design, Threats, and Safeguards explains the underlying mathematical principles needed to design complex cryptographic algorithms. It then presents efficient cryptographic algorithm implementation methods, along with state-of-the-art research and strategies for the design of very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuits and symmetric cryptosystems, complete with examples of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) ciphers, asymmetric ciphers, and elliptic curve cryptography (ECC). Gain a Comprehensive Understanding of Hardware Security—from Fundamentals to Practical Applications Since most implementations of standard cryptographic algorithms leak information that can be exploited by adversaries to gather knowledge about secret encryption keys, Hardware Security: Design, Threats, and Safeguards: Details algorithmic- and circuit-level countermeasures for attacks based on power, timing, fault, cache, and scan chain analysis Describes hardware intellectual property piracy and protection techniques at different levels of abstraction based on watermarking Discusses hardware obfuscation and physically unclonable functions (PUFs), as well as Trojan modeling, taxonomy, detection, and prevention Design for Security and Meet Real-Time Requirements If you consider security as critical a metric for integrated circuits (ICs) as power, area, and performance, you’ll embrace the design-for-security methodology of Hardware Security: Design, Threats, and Safeguards.
This book provides an overview of statistical concepts and basic methodology for the study of genetics of human traits and diseases. It attempts to provide a step-by-step description of problem identification, study design, methodology of data collection, data exploration, data summarization and visualization, and more advanced analytical methods for inferring genetic underpinnings of human phenotypes. The book provides codes in R programming language for implementation of most of the statistical methods described, which will enable practitioners to perform analysis of data on their own, without having to mold the data to fit the requirements of commercial statistical packages. Useful to anyone engaged in studies to understand and manage good health, the book is a useful guide for sustainable development of humankind. Primarily intended for practicing biologists especially those who carry out quantitative biological research, in particular, human geneticists, the book is also helpful in classroom teaching.
Understanding the Basics of Nanoindentation and Why It Is Important Contact damage induced brittle fracture is a common problem in the field of brittle solids. In the case of both glass and ceramics—and as it relates to both natural and artificial bio-materials—it has triggered the need for improved fabrication technology and new product development in the industry. The Nanoindentation Technique Is Especially Dedicated to Brittle Materials Nanoindentation of Brittle Solids highlights the science and technology of nanoindentation related to brittle materials, and considers the applicability of the nanoindentation technique. This book provides a thorough understanding of basic contact induced deformation mechanisms, damage initiation, and growth mechanisms. Starting from the basics of contact mechanics and nanoindentation, it considers contact mechanics, addresses contact issues in brittle solids, and explores the concepts of hardness and elastic modulus of a material. It examines a variety of brittle solids and deciphers the physics of deformation and fracture at scale lengths compatible with the microstructural unit block. Discusses nanoindentation data analysis methods and various nanoindentation techniques Includes nanoindentation results from the authors’ recent research on natural biomaterials like tooth, bone, and fish scale materials Considers the nanoindentation response if contact is made too quickly in glass Explores energy issues related to the nanoindentation of glass Describes the nanoindentation response of a coarse grain alumina Examines nanoindentation on microplasma sprayed hydroxyapatite coatings Nanoindentation of Brittle Solids provides a brief history of indentation, and explores the science and technology of nanoindentation related to brittle materials. It also offers an in-depth discussion of indentation size effect; the evolution of shear induced deformation during indentation and scratches, and includes a collection of related research works.
This gracefully organized text reveals the rigorous theory of probability and statistical inference in the style of a tutorial, using worked examples, exercises, figures, tables, and computer simulations to develop and illustrate concepts. Drills and boxed summaries emphasize and reinforce important ideas and special techniques. Beginning with a review of the basic concepts and methods in probability theory, moments, and moment generating functions, the author moves to more intricate topics. Introductory Statistical Inference studies multivariate random variables, exponential families of distributions, and standard probability inequalities. It develops the Helmert transformation for normal distributions, introduces the notions of convergence, and spotlights the central limit theorems. Coverage highlights sampling distributions, Basu's theorem, Rao-Blackwellization and the Cramér-Rao inequality. The text also provides in-depth coverage of Lehmann-Scheffé theorems, focuses on tests of hypotheses, describes Bayesian methods and the Bayes' estimator, and develops large-sample inference. The author provides a historical context for statistics and statistical discoveries and answers to a majority of the end-of-chapter exercises. Designed primarily for a one-semester, first-year graduate course in probability and statistical inference, this text serves readers from varied backgrounds, ranging from engineering, economics, agriculture, and bioscience to finance, financial mathematics, operations and information management, and psychology.
We can bury the girlboss, but what comes next? The former executive editor of Teen Vogue tells the story of her personal workplace reckoning and argues for collective responsibility to reimagine work as we know it. “One of the smartest voices we have on gender, power, capitalist exploitation, and the entrenched inequities of the workplace.”—Rebecca Traister, author of Good and Mad “As I sat in the front row that day, I was 80 percent faking it with a 100-percent-real Gucci bag.” Samhita Mukhopadhyay had finally made it: she had her dream job, dream clothes—dream life. But time and time again, she found herself sacrificing time with family and friends, paying too much for lattes, and limping home after working twelve hours a day. Success didn’t come without costs, right? Or so she kept telling herself. And Mukhopadhyay wasn’t alone: Far too many of us are taught that we need to work ourselves to the bone to live a good life. That we just need to climb up the corporate ladder, to “lean in” and “hustle,” to enact change. But as Mukhopadhyay shows, these definitions of success are myths—and they are seductive ones. Mukhopadhyay traces the origins of these myths, taking us from the sixties to the present. She forms a critical overview of workplace feminism, looking at stories from her own professional career, analysis from activists and experts, and of course, experiences of workers at different levels. As more individuals continue to question whether their professional ambitions can lead to happiness and fulfillment in the first place, Mukhopadhyay asks, What would it mean to have a liberated workplace? Mukhopadhyay emerges with a vision for a workplace culture that pays fairly, recognizes our values, and gives people access to the resources they need. A call to action to redefine and reimagine work as we know it, The Myth of Making It is a field guide and manifesto for all of us who are tired, searching for justice, and longing to be liberated from the oppressive grip of hustle culture.
Nanometre sized structures made of semiconductors, insulators, and metals and grown by modern growth technologies or by chemical synthesis exhibit novel electronic and optical phenomena due to the confinement of electrons and photons. Strong interactions between electrons and photons in narrow regions lead to inhibited spontaneous emission, thresholdless laser operation, and Bose-Einstein condensation of exciton-polaritons in microcavities. Generation of sub-wavelength radiation by surface plasmon-polaritons at metal-semiconductor interfaces, creation of photonic band gaps in dielectrics, and realization of nanometer sized semiconductor or insulator structures with negative permittivity and permeability, known as metamaterials, are further examples in the area of Nanophotonics. The studies help develop spasers and plasmonic nanolasers of subwavelength dimensions, paving the way to use plasmonics in future data centres and high-speed computers working at THz bandwidth with less than a few fJ/bit dissipation. The present book is aimed at graduate students and researchers providing them with an introductory textbook on Semiconductor Nanophotonics. It gives an introduction to electron-photon interactions in Quantum Wells, Wires, and Dots and then discusses the processes in microcavities, photonic band gap materials, metamaterials, and related applications. The phenomena and device applications under strong light-matter interactions are discussed, mostly by using classical and semi-classical theories. Numerous examples and problems accompany each chapter.
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