A History of Modern Immunology: A Path Toward Understanding describes, analyzes, and conceptualizes several seminal events and discoveries in immunology in the last third of the 20th century, the era when most questions about the biology of the immune system were raised and also found their answers. Written by an eyewitness to this history, the book gives insight into personal aspects of the important figures in the discipline, and its data driven emphasis on understanding will benefit both young and experienced scientists. This book provides a concise introduction to topics including immunological specificity, antibody diversity, monoclonal antibodies, major histocompatibility complex, antigen presentation, T cell biology, immunological tolerance, and autoimmune disease. This broad background of the discipline of immunology is a valuable companion for students of immunology, research and clinical immunologists, and research managers in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. - Contains the history of major breakthroughs in immunology featured with authenticity and insider details - Gives an insight into personal aspects of the players in the history of immunology - Enables the reader to recognize and select data of heuristic value which elucidate important facets of the immune system - Provides good examples and guidelines for the recognition and selection of what is important for the exploration of the immune system - Gives clear separation of descriptive and interpretive parts, allowing the reader to distinguish between facts and analysis provided by the author
A systematic study for obtaining the optimal temperature profile in a continuous plug flow crystallizer (PFC) is presented. The PFC consists of multiple segments where the temperature of the each segment can be controlled individually. An optimization problem is formulated for a target crystal size distribution (CSD) (without fines) with the temperature of the PFC segments as decision variables. It is found that for the crystallization kinetics considered here, the optimal temperature profile also introduces dissolution steps so that the crystal fines due to secondary nucleation can be reduced significantly. A systematic study on the growth and dissolution kinetics is also performed. This study suggests that the key factor that determines whether the dissolution steps will be successful in reducing fines (without compromising the final size of the crystals from seed) is the size dependence of the growth and dissolution kinetics. If kinetics of the system is such that the larger crystals grow faster than the smaller ones and the smaller crystals dissolve faster than the larger ones, best results for fines removal is achieved. On the other hand, when both the growth and dissolution kinetics are independent of crystal size, fines removal found to be ineffective by temperature cycling. These findings will be very useful in enhancing the understanding of the continuous crystallization processes in an industrial perspective
This book covers hydrogen effects in catalysis in the broadest sense, from surface science to industrial applications. It draws the attention of the catalysis community to the importance of the phenomena of hydrogen effects both in the science and technology of catalysis.
This book explores the pros and cons of the death penalty and the history of capital punishment. In this context, it puts a special emphasis on the situation in Hungary, where, amongst its neighbors, in recent years the demand for the reestablishment of the death penalty has received the strongest political support from many pro-government politicians. Toth presents tendencies toward abolition of the death penalty and analyzes the arguments by which the death penalty can, in principle, be criticized or even defended. The book presents the main issues of the death penalty, arguments of both abolitionists and retentionists, and reviews the modern history of this sanction. It does not seek to convince the reader of the correctness or wrongness of the death penalty, but it presents both sides of the argument and their standpoints, and leaves the reader to decide. It encourages informed debate and discussion.
The fifty years or so preceding the watershed of 1848–49 witnessed the emergence of liberal nationalism in Hungary, along with a transmutation of conservatism which appeared then as a party and an ideological system in the political arena. The specific features of the conservatism, combining the protection of the status quo with some reform measures, its strategic vision, conceptual system, argumentation, assessment criteria and values require an in depth exploration and analysis. Different conservative groups were in the background or in opposition from 1848 to 1918, while in the period between the two World Wars, they constituted the overwhelming majority of ruling parties. During the one-party system, from 1949 to 1989, the liberals and conservatives—like all other political groups—were illegal, a status from which they could later emerge upon the change of the political system. The inheritance of the autocratic system frozen up and undigested by the one-party state was thawed after the peaceful regime change, the constitutional revolution and its discrete components began to be reactivated, including the enemy images of earlier discourses. "Liberal" and "conservative" had become state-party stigmas in line with fascist, reactionary, rightist, and bourgeois. In reaction to that, at first conservative then liberal, intellectual fashions and renascences unfolded in the 1980s. The attempts by liberal and conservative advocates to find predecessors did not favor an objective approach.The first step toward objectivity is establishing distance from the different kinds of enemy images and their political idioms. This is a pressing need because, although several pioneering works have appeared on different variants of the Hungarian liberalisms and conservatisms, there are no serious unbiased syntheses. This work is urgent because the political poles of the constitutional revolution and the ensuing period have up till now been described in terms of different conspiracy theories.
This volume presents the results of the largest ever language attitude/motivation survey in second language studies. The research team gathered data from over 13,000 Hungarian language learners on three successive occasions: in 1993, 1999 and 2004. The examined period covers a particularly prominent time in Hungary’s history, the transition from a closed, Communist society to a western-style democracy that became a member of the European Union in 2004. Thus, the book provides an ‘attitudinal/motivational flow-chart’ describing how significant sociopolitical changes affect the language disposition of a nation.
Learn to use exciting new development tools and create applications for Windows 8 If you're a beginning developer, there's no better place to get up to speed on the Windows 8 SDK than this Wrox guide. A team of Microsoft experts provides a complete course in Windows 8 programming, helping you take full advantage of the innovative new SDK. Written in an easy-to-read style, this book is packed with reusable examples that showcase the endless possibilities of the Windows SDK and also introduces the new Windows 8 app store. It explains how to set up the development environment and covers user interface design, using special effects and graphics, working with C# and C++, and much more. Provides a complete introduction to the Windows SDK and Windows 8, starting with setting up the development environment and building your first application Covers user interface design, touch- and event-driven design elements, leveraging windows-based services, and offline application development with HTML 5 Explores creating C# applications for the Windows 8 system, XNA 4 and Silverlight 5 considerations, and the role of C++ Shows how to debug, certify and deploy your applications Introduces the new Windows 8 app store and offers advice on marketing your apps Beginning Windows 8 Application Development is perfect for anyone who's ready to get started developing apps for the exciting new Windows 8 OS.
Changing Habits of Mind presents a theory of personality that integrates homeostatic dynamics of the brain with self-processes, emotionality, cultural adaptation, and personal reality. Informed by the author’s brain-based, relational psychotherapeutic practice, the book discusses the brain’s evolutionary growth, the four information-processing areas of the brain, and the cortex in relationship to the limbic system. Integrating the different experiences of sensory and non-sensory processes in the brain, the text introduces a theory of personality currently lacking in psychotherapy research that integrates neurobiology and psychology for the first time. Readers will learn how to integrate psychodynamic processes with cognitive behavioral techniques, while clinical vignettes exemplify the interaction of neurophysiological process with a range of psychological variables including homeostasis, developmental family dynamics, and culture. Changing Habits of Mind expands the psychotherapist’s perspective, exploring the important links between an integrated theory of personality and effective clinical practice.
Beginning with his employment by a Hungarian family as piano tutor in 1879, Mahler's contacts with Hungary spanned a full quarter of a century. They included the most significant period of some three years when he directed the Royal Hungarian Opera, exercising artistic control over a major institution for the first time, and ended with his guiding from afar of an early and astonishing performance of the complete Third Symphony in Budapest in 1905. Published accounts (especially of his work between 1888 and 1891) are variously anecdotal, inaccurate or incomplete. This work, then, is the first comprehensive examination of Mahler's connections with Hungary, based on primary sources (many published in English here for the first time) and documented secondary evidence. While Chapter III, devoted to Mahler's three seasons as director, is the focus and bulk of the book, Chapters II and IV provide a socio-cultural setting for the period, essential to an understanding of his lot as opera director. The framing chapters concern Mahler's road to Budapest on the one hand, and his Hungarian contacts after 1891 on the other. With its rich offering of documents and many illustrations, this book presents a scholarly, yet highly readable and fascinating account of an important part of Mahler's life and career.
Combining up-to-date scholarship with clear and accessible language and helpful exercises, Metaphor: A Practical Introduction is an invaluable resource for all readers interested in metaphor. This second edition includes two new chapters--on 'metaphors in discourse' and 'metaphor and emotion' --along with new exercises, responses to criticism and recent developments in the field, and revised student exercises, tables, and figures.
Why do some privatisations apparently fail to produce expected positive results? Economic theory tells us that privatisation should improve efficiency, but this book, originally published in 1998, suggests that political bargaining in the process of privatisation works against the results we expect to achieve. To gain a better understanding of what privatisation is really about, power at a firm level needs to be understood. Privatisation is a gradually unfolding, evolutionary process, often with defective corporate governance. Politicking can take priority over performance, with the result that efficiency is ignored and profitability is affected. This is a comprehensive book on privatisation which focuses on micro-level behavioural issues and it uses exceptionally rich case evidence to illustrate that privatisation is more about politics than performance.
The inverse problem of the calculus of variations was first studied by Helmholtz in 1887 and it is entirely solved for the differential operators, but only a few results are known in the more general case of differential equations. This book looks at second-order differential equations and asks if they can be written as Euler-Lagrangian equations. If the equations are quadratic, the problem reduces to the characterization of the connections which are Levi-Civita for some Riemann metric.To solve the inverse problem, the authors use the formal integrability theory of overdetermined partial differential systems in the Spencer-Quillen-Goldschmidt version. The main theorems of the book furnish a complete illustration of these techniques because all possible situations appear: involutivity, 2-acyclicity, prolongation, computation of Spencer cohomology, computation of the torsion, etc.
In a single volume, Monosaccharide Sugars critically summarizes the applied and potentially useful strategies for the synthesis and degradation of monosaccharides by chain-elongation, degradation, and epimerization. These methodologies permit the synthesis of rare or unnatural monosaccharides that are frequently employed as chiral building blocks in natural products synthesis, as well as for producing sugar derivatives labeled with radioactive isotopes. Representative and well-established experimental procedures are provided to illustrate the potential of the synthetic transformation.Degradation of carbohydrates also represents an invaluable tool for the structural elucidation of certain natural products, suchas glycosides, antibiotics, and polysaccharides. When describing the individual methods, unique supplementary collections of the prepared sugar derivatives are shown in tabular form. This compendium will eliminate tedious literature searches for those engaged in research and teaching on the chemistry and biochemistry of saccharides and other natural products, and also for those working on the medicinal and metabolic investigation of related substances of biological importance. - Illustrates the practical potential of well-established experimental procedures in synthetic transformations - Provides supplementary collections of prepared sugar derivatives in tabular form - Summarizes in a single volume the methods of obtaining carbohydrate-derived compounds
Dr. Zoltan Z. Nagy performed the first femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery in a human eye in 2008. As one of the most authoritative sources on the topic, Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery: Facts and Results presents the history of the development and use of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery summarizes the results of five years of pioneering techniques by Dr. Nagy and his team, including personal reflections and thoughts, as well as a series of classic papers. Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery consists of two main sections. The first section discusses and reviews the new results for the reader from the research. The second section comprises original articles on the topic of femtosecond laser cataract surgery that is essential to ophthalmologists. Additional features include: • A review of the current state-of-the-art usages of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery • Examine existing technologies that compete with femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery and compare outcomes • Discuss key secrets to successful surgical techniques using femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery • How to address and manage common complications associated with femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery presents these clinical results with cataract and corneal application, and highlights basic research with the strength of the anterior capsule and will assist ophthalmologists and residents alike gain a better understanding of the femtosecond laser cataract surgery process.
The impact of rising levels of greenhouse gases—and the global consequences for crops! Carbon dioxide is a major greenhouse gas that causes global warming and directly impacts every aspect of plant life and indirectly impacts animal and human life. Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have risen dramatically over the past century, and though this could mean opportunities for better growth and increased yield of certain crops, other factors like weather extremes and changes to plant physiology may mitigate the positive effects. Ecological Responses and Adaptations of Crops to Rising Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide comprehensively analyzes every aspect of crop responses to increasing carbon dioxide as well as their productional significance for the world. Changes in the growth rate and yield of crops are explored, with attention given to the consequences of coming weather changes on production and the expected economic impact. Ecological Responses and Adaptations of Crops to Rising Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide takes the data gleaned from careful research to provide an in-depth vision of the impact of carbon dioxide on global temperatures, plant physiology, and the ecological and economic future of our world. Respected authorities thoroughly discuss the research detailing the complete range of issues from plant growth under increased carbon dioxide levels to the impact of rising air temperatures to the evolving ecophysiological responses within various crops. Extensive references provide opportunities for further research while detailed tables and graphs clearly illustrate data. Ecological Responses and Adaptations of Crops to Rising Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide explores the effects of carbon dioxide enrichment on: plants, crops, and vegetation—is it beneficial? growth, yield, and photosynthetic responses in rice the photosynthetic capacity and productivity of rice under field conditions—and the role of nitrogen fertilization forage and grain nitrogen content potato crops crop responses including interaction with temperature the growth of maize different agricultural systems around the world—such as central and southeastern Europe, northern climates, Sudan, citrus-growing regions, and others the production ecophysiology of Hungarian green pepper and much more! The impending changes in our world make Ecological Responses and Adaptations of Crops to Rising Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide a valuable text for educators and postgraduate students in the field of plant ecology and crop production and an essential resource for researchers in the fields of plant ecology, ecophysiology, agricultural crop production, and environmental sciences.
Dr. Zoltan Z. Nagy performed the first femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery in a human eye in 2008. As one of the most authoritative sources on the topic, Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery: Facts and Results presents the history of the development and use of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery summarizes the results of five years of pioneering techniques by Dr. Nagy and his team, including personal reflections and thoughts, as well as a series of classic papers. Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery consists of two main sections. The first section discusses and reviews the new results for the reader from the research. The second section comprises original articles on the topic of femtosecond laser cataract surgery that is essential to ophthalmologists. Additional features include: • A review of the current state-of-the-art usages of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery • Examine existing technologies that compete with femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery and compare outcomes • Discuss key secrets to successful surgical techniques using femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery • How to address and manage common complications associated with femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery presents these clinical results with cataract and corneal application, and highlights basic research with the strength of the anterior capsule and will assist ophthalmologists and residents alike gain a better understanding of the femtosecond laser cataract surgery process.
Master's Thesis from the year 2006 in the subject Engineering - Mechanical Engineering, grade: A, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems), language: English, abstract: The present work investigates the potential of the finite element method (FEM) in the design process of magnetic Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (MEMS). The magnetic forces and torques acting on a magnetic body are of great importance in wireless actuating principles. Good models are required to allow for precise and predictable motion of the magnetic body. However, analytical results are only available for simple geometries and experiments are often time consuming and may have a certain number of uncertain parameters that may influence the results. Numerical methods, and in particular the finite element method, offer the possibility to study a magnetic body with known material properties in a well defined environment. Consequently, in this work, a method is proposed to calculate the net body torque on arbitrarily shaped bodies in a homogeneous magnetic field using the commercial finite element software Ansys . In addition, a procedure to de- termine the demagnetization factors of these bodies is given. The code is first validated by the known analytical results for an ellipsoid. As an application, the demagnetization factors, as well as the net magnetic torque on brick shaped bodies and the IRIS Microrobot are calculated. A method is proposed to predict the torque acting on the Microrobot analytically. However, experimental results are necessary to confirm this method. Furthermore, Ansys is used to model magneto-structural coupling that is, the motion and deformation of a magnetic body due to an external magnetic field. Two devices are presented (as case studies rather than as actual design concepts), the magnetic resonator and the magnetic scratch drive actuator (MSDA). A quasi- analytical model for the static deflection of the magnetic resonator is given and good agreement with the finite element model is obtained. The MSDA is modeled to show the potential of Ansys in modeling MEMS devices, as additional to the coupling effects, contact elements and spring elements are introduced. Again, experimental results are required.
Electrochemical synthesis of inorganic compounds is a relatively unknown field. The successful, large industrial processes, such as chlorine-caustic production, are well known, but the large number of other compounds that have been synthesized electrochemically are much less appreciated, even by electrochemists and inorganic chemists. The last comprehensive book on this subject was published in the 1930's and no modern review or summary of the whole field is in existence. But the field is in no way dormant, as attested by the large number of publications, undiminished throughout the years, describing new syntheses and improvements of old ones. Indeed, it can be expected that practical applications of electrochemical inor ganic syntheses will increase in the future as an increasing portion of our energy will be available in electrical form. Electrochemical processes have important advantages over chemical routes: often the selectivity of the reaction can be better controlled through the use of potential control at the electrode, and the creation of environmen tally harmful waste material can be avoided more easily since one is using the purest reagent - the electron. In addition to development of new synthetic routes, many old ones, which were found to be un economical in the past, are worth reexamining in light of the recent considerable advances in cell design principles, materials of construc tion, and electrode and separator materials, together with our im proved understanding of electrode reactions and electrocatalysis. It is in the hope of accelerating this process that this bibliography is published.
A History of Modern Immunology: A Path Toward Understanding describes, analyzes, and conceptualizes several seminal events and discoveries in immunology in the last third of the 20th century, the era when most questions about the biology of the immune system were raised and also found their answers. Written by an eyewitness to this history, the book gives insight into personal aspects of the important figures in the discipline, and its data driven emphasis on understanding will benefit both young and experienced scientists. This book provides a concise introduction to topics including immunological specificity, antibody diversity, monoclonal antibodies, major histocompatibility complex, antigen presentation, T cell biology, immunological tolerance, and autoimmune disease. This broad background of the discipline of immunology is a valuable companion for students of immunology, research and clinical immunologists, and research managers in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. - Contains the history of major breakthroughs in immunology featured with authenticity and insider details - Gives an insight into personal aspects of the players in the history of immunology - Enables the reader to recognize and select data of heuristic value which elucidate important facets of the immune system - Provides good examples and guidelines for the recognition and selection of what is important for the exploration of the immune system - Gives clear separation of descriptive and interpretive parts, allowing the reader to distinguish between facts and analysis provided by the author
Proceedings of the 20th annual conference for the Australasian Association for Engineering Education, held at the University of Adelaide in December 2009. Papers were presented by Australian and international delegates. The conference was focused on the engineering curriculum in higher education.
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