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23 European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering

Spatially Distributed Fines Removal in a Continuous Plug Flow Crystallizer by Optimal Temperature Profile with Controlled Dissolution

By: Aniruddha Majumder,Zoltan K. Nagy

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23 European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering

Spatially Distributed Fines Removal in a Continuous Plug Flow Crystallizer by Optimal Temperature Profile with Controlled Dissolution

By: Aniruddha Majumder,Zoltan K. Nagy

A systematic study for obtaining the optimal temperature profile in a continuous plug flow crystallizer (PFC) is presented. The PFC consists of multiple segments where the temperature of the each segment can be controlled individually. An optimization problem is formulated for a target crystal size distribution (CSD) (without fines) with the temperature of the PFC segments as decision variables. It is found that for the crystallization kinetics considered here, the optimal temperature profile also introduces dissolution steps so that the crystal fines due to secondary nucleation can be reduced significantly. A systematic study on the growth and dissolution kinetics is also performed. This study suggests that the key factor that determines whether the dissolution steps will be successful in reducing fines (without compromising the final size of the crystals from seed) is the size dependence of the growth and dissolution kinetics. If kinetics of the system is such that the larger crystals grow faster than the smaller ones and the smaller crystals dissolve faster than the larger ones, best results for fines removal is achieved. On the other hand, when both the growth and dissolution kinetics are independent of crystal size, fines removal found to be ineffective by temperature cycling. These findings will be very useful in enhancing the understanding of the continuous crystallization processes in an industrial perspective

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Page Count

16

Publisher

Elsevier Inc. Chapters

Published Date

ISBN 10

0128086459

ISBN 13

9780128086452

A History of Modern Immunology

The Path Toward Understanding

By: Zoltan A. Nagy

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A History of Modern Immunology

The Path Toward Understanding

By: Zoltan A. Nagy

A History of Modern Immunology: A Path Toward Understanding describes, analyzes, and conceptualizes several seminal events and discoveries in immunology in the last third of the 20th century, the era when most questions about the biology of the immune system were raised and also found their answers. Written by an eyewitness to this history, the book gives insight into personal aspects of the important figures in the discipline, and its data driven emphasis on understanding will benefit both young and experienced scientists. This book provides a concise introduction to topics including immunological specificity, antibody diversity, monoclonal antibodies, major histocompatibility complex, antigen presentation, T cell biology, immunological tolerance, and autoimmune disease. This broad background of the discipline of immunology is a valuable companion for students of immunology, research and clinical immunologists, and research managers in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. - Contains the history of major breakthroughs in immunology featured with authenticity and insider details - Gives an insight into personal aspects of the players in the history of immunology - Enables the reader to recognize and select data of heuristic value which elucidate important facets of the immune system - Provides good examples and guidelines for the recognition and selection of what is important for the exploration of the immune system - Gives clear separation of descriptive and interpretive parts, allowing the reader to distinguish between facts and analysis provided by the author

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Page Count

357

Publisher

Academic Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0124201083

ISBN 13

9780124201088