As the world’s only English-language historical dictionary of the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1966-1976), this book offers a comprehensive coverage of major historical figures, events, political terms, and other matters relevant to this unique period of modern Chinese history that had profound influence on social and cultural movements of the world in the 1960s and 1970s. This second edition of Historical Dictionary of the Chinese Cultural Revolution covers its history through a chronology, an introductory essay, glossary, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 400 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about this important period in Chinese history.
The phenomenon of "Cultural Reverse" (文化反哺) emerged in the 1980s after China's reform and opening up. In this era of rapid social change, the older generation started to learn from the younger generation across many fields, in a way that is markedly similar to the biological phenomenon of "The old crow that keeps barking, fed by their children" from ancient Chinese poetry. In this book, the author discusses this new academic concept and other aspects of Chinese intergenerational relations. In the first volume, the author explains some popular social science theories about generations, traces the history of Chinese intergenerational relationships, and, through focus group interviews with 77 families in mainland China, comprehensively discusses the younger generation's values, attitudes, behavior patterns, and the ways in which they differ from their ancestors’. The book will be a valuable resource for scholars of Chinese sociology, and also general readers interested in contemporary Chinese society.
Principles and Applications of Therapeutic Ultrasound in Healthcare introduces concepts, principles, construction, and applications of therapeutic ultrasound: from bench to bedside. A comprehensive examination of the industry and medical application of ultrasound therapy, this book highlights working principles, research progress, and system
This book introduces multi-catalyst systems by describing their mechanism and advantages in asymmetric catalysis. • Helps organic chemists perform more efficient catalysis with step-by-step methods • Overviews new concepts and progress for greener and economic catalytic reactions • Covers topics of interest in asymmetric catalysis including bifunctional catalysis, cooperative catalysis, multimetallic catalysis, and novel tandem reactions • Has applications for pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, materials, and flavour and fragrance
In the 1980s, China faced the monumental task of creating, from scratch, internationally competitive companies. This challenge was especially daunting in the information and communications technology (ICT) sector. The Inside Story of China's High-Tech Industry describes the emergence and growth of this industry in China through a historically situated analysis of China's leading science park, Beijing's Zhongguancun, also known as China's Silicon Valley. Zhou challenges the prevailing view that foreign multinational corporations and exports are the driving forces for technological progress in less developed countries by arguing that, in the case of China, it is the conjunction of domestic and export markets that has provided the main impetus to technological learning and the development of industry competitiveness. This is the best treatment to date of China's most important innovation region. It will be useful for scholars and students in the fields of economics, regional sciences, geography, planning, sociology, information technology, and business management, as well as for anyone interested in the rise of China and global technological development.
The Cultural Revolution in the People's Republic of China started in 1966 and lasted about a decade. This revolutionary upsurge of Chinese students and workers, led by Mao Zedong, wreaked havoc in the world's most populous country, often turning things upside down and undermining the party, government, and army while simultaneously weakening the economy, society, and culture. Tens of millions of people were killed, injured, or imprisoned during this period and relatively few benefited, aside from Mao Zedong and the Gang of Four, the group that would eventually receive the blame for the events of the Cultural Revolution. Given the turbulence and confusion, it is hard to know just what happened. The A to Z of the Chinese Cultural Revolution tackles this task. First, in an extensive chronology, which traces the events from year to year and month to month, then in an introduction puts these events in context and helps to explain them. But most importantly, the bulk of the information is provided in a dictionary section with numerous cross-referenced entries on important persons, places, institutions, and movements. A bibliography points to further sources of information and a glossary will help those researching in Chinese.
Tang Taizong (Li Shimin), 2nd emperor of the Tang dynasty, commissioned six statues of his favorite warhorses to be carved in stone and serve as part of his political legacy at his mausoleum, Zhao Ling. This book traces the history and significance of these statues, from their creation in 7th-century China, through their removal from the mausoleum in the early 20th c., when two made their way to the United States antiquities market through the dealer C.T. Loo, and ultimately to the Penn Museum. Their time on the art market and subsequent stewardship by the Penn Museum are also explored. Contemporaneous sources and archival records reconstruct the roles of different people, Chinese and Westerners, in the sale of and competition for these stone horses. While underlining their exceptional significance and reconstructing the historical path they traversed, this work serves to bridge the gaps in the shared knowledge of the historical facts pertaining to these horse reliefs and build a common foundation for intercultural dialogue and cooperation surrounding cultural heritage preservation and changing museum practice.
This book analyzes the decrease in labor share in China, which is a ratio of national income distribution to capital at three different levels (macro, meso, and micro) and from three different perspectives (growth, transition and opening up). The worsening income distribution has been a key issue for both Chinese and global economies in recent decades. The book shows that the decrease in labor share is closely related to economic growth, increasing extent of globalization, and firms with heterogeneous characteristics. Moreover, the book explains income inequality in detail, focusing on China’s increasingly important and emerging economy.
Cytochromes are proteins that catalyze electron transfer reactions of well-known metabolic pathways and are classified in various superfamilies. The CYP, or P450, superfamily accounts for 90% of the oxidative metabolism of clinical drugs. One member of this superfamily, P450 2D6 (or CYP2D6), singlehandedly metabolizes about 25% of all medications in the human liver. Cytochrome P450 2D6: Structure, Function, Regulation, and Polymorphism reviews the current knowledge of CYP2D6 as well as the maturing body of evidence indicating its significance to clinical and pharmacological researchers and practitioners. This book focuses on the critical role CYP2D6 plays in the human liver. It examines the genetic, epigenetic, physiological, pathological, and structural factors of the gene that govern the highly variable metabolism of a number of drugs in clinical use. It highlights the impact of the functional roles of CYP2D6 on clinical practice and drug development and also discusses implications for precise medicine, strategies to avoid adverse drug reactions, and paths for future research. Cytochrome P450 2D6 is a unique, valuable book focusing on a single but immensely powerful human gene. It provides the first single source of comprehensive information on CYP2D6 that serves as an important reference for medical, biomedical, pharmaceutical, and nursing researchers, practitioners, and students.
Beginning soon after the implementation of the policies of the Great Leap Forward of 1958-1961, when the drive to collectivize and industrialize undermined the livelihoods of the vast majority of peasant workers, China’s Great Famine was the worst famine in human history. In addition to claiming more than 45 million lives, it also led to the destruction of agriculture, industry, trade, and every aspect of human life, leaving large parts of the Chinese countryside scarred forever by human-created environmental disasters. Drawing on previously closed archives that have since been made inaccessible again, Zhou Xun offers readers, for the first time in English, access to the most vital archival documentation of the famine. For some time to come this documentary history may be the only publication available that contains the most crucial primary documents concerning the fate of the Chinese peasantry between 1957 and 1962. It covers everything from collectivization and survival strategies, including cannibalism, to selective killing and mass murder.
This book examines the decade from 2004 to 2013 during which people in China witnessed both a skyrocketing number of food safety crises, and aggregating regulatory initiatives attempting to control these crises. Multiple cycles of “crisis – regulatory efforts” indicated the systemic failure of this food safety regime. The book explains this failure in the “social foundations” for the regulatory governance of food safety. It locates the proximate causes in the regulatory segmentation, which is supported by the differential impacts of the food regulatory regime on various consumer groups. The approach of regulatory segmentation does not only explain the failure of the food safety regime by digging out its social foundation, but is also crucial to the understanding of the regulatory state in China.
Integrating information from several areas of engineering geology, hydrogeology, geotechnical engineering, this book addresses the general field of groundwater from an engineering perspective. It covers geological engineering as well as hydrogeological and environmental geological problems caused by groundwater engineering. It includes 10 chapters, i.e., basic groundwater theory, parameter calculation in hydrogeology, prevention of geological problem caused by groundwater, construction dewatering, wellpoint dewatering methods, dewatering wells and drilling, groundwater dewatering in foundation-pit engineering, groundwater engineering in bedrock areas, numerical simulation in groundwater engineering, groundwater corrosion on concrete and steel. Based on up-to-date literature, it describes recent developments and presents several case studies with examples and problems. It is an essential reference source for industrial and academic researchers working in the groundwater field and can also serve as lecture-based course material providing fundamental information and practical tools for both senior undergraduate and postgraduate students in fields of geology engineering, hydrogeology, geotechnical engineering or to conduct related research.
The book introduces readers to the unique aspects of keratin and opportunities to develop various bioproducts and biomaterials from keratins. It discusses the structure, properties and specific applications of keratins extracted from different sources. Applications include keratins as absorbents, reinforcements or matrices for composites, hydrogels and fibres.
In 1958, China’s revered leader Mao Zedong instituted a program designed to transform his giant nation into a Communist utopia. Called the Great Leap Forward, Mao’s grand scheme—like so many other utopian dreams of the 20th century—proved a monumental disaster, resulting in the mass destruction of China’s agriculture, industry, and trade while leaving large portions of the countryside forever scarred by man-made environmental disasters. The resulting three-year famine claimed the lives of more than 45 million people in China.div /DIVdivIn this remarkable oral history of modern China’s greatest tragedy, survivors of the cataclysm share their memories of the devastation and loss. The range of voices is wide: city dwellers and peasants, scholars and factory workers, parents who lost children and children who were orphaned in the catastrophe all speak out. Powerful and deeply moving, this unique remembrance of an unnecessary and unhindered catastrophe illuminates a dark recent history that remains officially unacknowledged to this day by the Chinese government and opens a window on a society still feeling the impact of the terrible Great Famine./DIV
Suitable for readers from broad backgrounds, Graphene: Energy Storage and Conversion Applications describes the fundamentals and cutting-edge applications of graphene-based materials for energy storage and conversion systems. It provides an overview of recent advancements in specific energy technologies, such as lithium ion batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, solar cells, lithium sulfur batteries, and lithium air batteries. It also considers the outlook of industrial applications in the near future. Offering a brief introduction to the major synthesis methods of graphene, the text details the latest academic and commercial research and developments, covering all potential avenues for graphene’s use in energy-related areas.
Involving several areas of geological engineering, geotechnical engineering and tunnel engineering, this book describes the soft soil deformation characteristics and dynamic responses induced by subway vibration load. Based on field monitoring and laboratory testing data, with both comprehensive micro-and macroanalysis, the authors present dynamic characteristics and deformation settlement of saturated soft clay surrounding subway tunnels using dynamic and static methodology. Mechanism of deformation, failure in microstructure of soft clay soil, dynamic response, macro deformation and settlement are all discussed and analyzed thoroughly and systematically. Some of the research findings in this book have been widely applied by large subway companies and will have broader application prospects in future. All the above make this book a valuable reference not only for technical engineers working in subway design or construction but also for advanced graduate students. Prof. Yiqun Tang works at the Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
An annotated translation of Zhou Mi's (1232-1298) "Record of Clouds and Mist Passing Before One's Eyes (Yunyan guoyan lu)," A valuable contribution to help broaden our understanding of the early care and transmission of artworks, the social dimensions of art collecting, and the development of a multi-ethnic society in Yuan China.
This book provides a systematic introduction to the fundamental methods and techniques and the frontiers of ? along with many new ideas and results on ? infectious disease modeling, parameter estimation and transmission dynamics. It provides complementary approaches, from deterministic to statistical to network modeling; and it seeks viewpoints of the same issues from different angles, from mathematical modeling to statistical analysis to computer simulations and finally to concrete applications.
This book reports on the latest findings in the study of Stochastic Neural Networks (SNN). The book collects the novel model of the disturbance driven by Levy process, the research method of M-matrix, and the adaptive control method of the SNN in the context of stability and synchronization control. The book will be of interest to university researchers, graduate students in control science and engineering and neural networks who wish to learn the core principles, methods, algorithms and applications of SNN.
This invaluable book is devoted to a rapidly developing area on the research of the qualitative theory of fractional differential equations. It is self-contained and unified in presentation, and provides readers the necessary background material required to go further into the subject and explore the rich research literature.The tools used include many classical and modern nonlinear analysis methods such as fixed point theory, measure of noncompactness method, topological degree method, the Picard operators technique, critical point theory and semigroups theory. Based on research work carried out by the author and other experts during the past four years, the contents are very new and comprehensive. It is useful to researchers and graduate students for research, seminars, and advanced graduate courses, in pure and applied mathematics, physics, mechanics, engineering, biology, and related disciplines.
This book presents the exceptional biography of the 20th century Chinese astronomer Cheng Maolan, who came to France in 1926 on a China-France cooperation program to do his PhD with the idea of returning to China after a few years. Instead, he lived two lives. He first stayed in France and studied astronomy in Lyon, the “Silk city”, where he suffered the hardships of the German occupation, but also witnessed the construction of the Haute-Provence Observatory. After the war, he started a promising career at Lyon Observatory. However, in 1957 he decided to live a second life, by returning to the motherland, which had in the meantime become the People's Republic of China. There, he suffered the hardships of the Cultural Revolution, but he managed to play a pivotal role in establishing the Beijing Observatory as its director. In particular, he prepared the ground for the Xinglong 2-m telescope, which saw its first light in 1989, ten years after his death. Cheng Maolan is now considered a "Chinese hero": an "Astronomy and Technology Museum" was built and named after him in 2018, in his native city of Boye, Hebei Province, China, featuring a tall, white statue in front of the building.
This book first provides a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art IoT technologies and applications in different industrial sectors and public services. The authors give in-depth analyses of fog computing architecture and key technologies that fulfill the challenging requirements of enabling computing services anywhere along the cloud-to-thing continuum. Further, in order to make IoT systems more intelligent and more efficient, a fog-enabled service architecture is proposed to address the latency requirements, bandwidth limitations, and computing power issues in realistic cross-domain application scenarios with limited priori domain knowledge, i.e. physical laws, system statuses, operation principles and execution rules. Based on this fog-enabled architecture, a series of data-driven self-learning applications in different industrial sectors and public services are investigated and discussed, such as robot SLAM and formation control, wireless network self-optimization, intelligent transportation system, smart home and user behavior recognition. Finally, the advantages and future directions of fog-enabled intelligent IoT systems are summarized. Provides a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art IoT technologies and applications in different industrial sectors and public services Presents a fog-enabled service architecture with detailed technical approaches for realistic cross-domain application scenarios with limited prior domain knowledge Outlines a series of data-driven self-learning applications (with new algorithms) in different industrial sectors and public services
This book is selection of author’s articles about China’s reform and development. The earliest article of the anthology was written in 1986 and the latest in 2017. The author studies the changes in property rights and system based on the practical experience of China’s reform. In the first article “Economics in the Real World”, the author expounds on Coasean Economics’ Research Method which is “neither fashionable nor popular” and finds out problems from the fascinating real world. It focuses on researching the constraint conditions and strives to have cognition generalized. Guided by this methodology, all the following articles are about empirical research on China’s reform, involving such fields as farmland reform, reform of state-owned enterprises, medical reform, urban-rural relationship, monetary system and regulatory reform. In the concluding article “Institutional Cost and China’s Economy”, the author, gives a new interpretation for the economic logic of the high-speed growth and transformation of China’s economy by redefining concepts. Reading the anthology, readers may not only follow the author’s train of thought to have an overview of the surging and magnificent reform course from small clues to the evident, but also have a broader train of thought on studying and comprehending the practical problems of China.
This accessible monograph is devoted to a rapidly developing area on the research of qualitative theory of fractional ordinary differential equations and evolution equations. It is self-contained and unified in presentation, and provides the readers the necessary background material required to go further into the subject and explore the rich research literature. The tools used include many classical and modern nonlinear analysis methods such as fixed point theory, measure of noncompactness method, topological degree method, Picard operators technique, critical point theory and semigroups theory. This book is based on the research work done so far by the author and other experts, and contains comprehensive up-to-date materials on the topic.In this third edition, four new topics have been added: Hilfer fractional evolution equations and infinite interval problems, oscillations and nonoscillations, fractional Hamiltonian systems, fractional Rayleigh-Stokes equations, and wave equations. The bibliography has also been updated and expanded.This book is useful to researchers, graduate or PhD students dealing with fractional calculus and applied analysis, differential equations, and related areas of research.
From the perspective of critical cultural sociology, this book delves into the intertwining relations of cultural transformation and social evolution, illuminating contemporary Chinese culture’s landscape and underlying logic since the 1980s. With a special focus on the tensions among politics, economy, and culture itself, this book examines the transitions of Chinese culture from tradition to the modern age. It expounds the cultural differentiation and its effect in contemporary China. Within this framework, the author addresses some key issues and phenomena that figure in the cultural scene of modern China, ranging from the crisis of Chinese cultural identity in the context of globalization, the media culture, and its impacts on everyday life, to the visual culture and social transformation. Offering a panoramic view of Chinese contemporary culture, literature, arts, and society, this title will serve as an essential read for scholars of China studies, Cultural studies, and visual culture, as well as anyone interested in what’s going on in Chinese contemporary culture.
Mesoporous materials are a class of molecules with a large and uniform pore size, highly regular nanopores, and a large surface area. This book is devoted to all aspects and types of these materials and describes, in an in-depth and systematic manner, the step-by-step synthesis and its mechanism, as well as the characterization, morphology control, hybridization, and applications, of mesoporous molecular sieves. In so doing, it covers silicates, metal-doped silicates, nonsilicates, and organic-inorganic hybrids. Although the emphasis is on synthesis, the expert authors also discuss characterization and applications, ranging from catalysis and biochemistry to optics and the use of these materials as templates for nanomaterial synthesis. Both the fundamentals and the latest research results are covered, ensuring that this monograph serves as a reference for researchers in and newcomers to the field.
The true measure of any society is how it treats its children, who are in turn that society’s future. Making use of data from the longitudinal Chinese Family Panel Studies survey, the authors of this timely study provide a multi-faceted description and analysis of China’s younger generations. They assess the economic, physical, and social-emotional well-being as well as the cognitive performance and educational attainment of China's children and youth. They pay special attention to the significance of family and community contexts, including the impact of parental absence on millions of left-behind children. Throughout the volume, the authors delineate various forms of disparities, especially the structural inequalities maintained by the Chinese Party-state and the vulnerabilities of children and youth in fragile families and communities. They also analyze the social attitudes and values of Chinese youth. Having grown up in a period of sustained prosperity and greater individual choice, the younger Chinese cohorts are more independent in spirit, more open-minded socially, and significantly less deferential to authority than older cohorts. There is growing recognition in China of the importance of investing in children’s future and of helping the less advantaged. Substantial improvements in child and youth well-being have been achieved in a time of growing economic prosperity. Strong political commitment is needed to sustain existing efforts and to overcome the many obstacles that remain. This book will be of considerable interest to researchers of Chinese society and development.
This book offers a new interpretation of the evolution and modernization of social order in China’s grass-roots communities. Traditionally, social order at the grass-roots level was maintained through an organic combination of self-rule by the people and authority rule by political leaders. As a hybrid form of social order, therefore, it not only has features of autonomy but also reflects the power of the state apparatus. Despite the modernization of the nation-state, the old rules sustaining social order at the grass-roots level are still very much in effect and have seamlessly integrated into the new social structure. Unless we fully appreciate this fundamental continuity, we would not be able to understand how social order at the grass-roots level today is upheld and functions. And the modernization of social order at the grass-roots level is most fruitfully studied from the perspectives of the construction of modern public social relations and the development of grass-roots systems of social autonomy.
This book summarizes the basic theory of wavelets and some related algorithms in an easy-to-understand language from the perspective of an engineer rather than a mathematician. In this book, the wavelet solution schemes are systematically established and introduced for solving general linear and nonlinear initial boundary value problems in engineering, including the technique of boundary extension in approximating interval-bounded functions, the calculation method for various connection coefficients, the single-point Gaussian integration method in calculating the coefficients of wavelet expansions and unique treatments on nonlinear terms in differential equations. At the same time, this book is supplemented by a large number of numerical examples to specifically explain procedures and characteristics of the method, as well as detailed treatments for specific problems. Different from most of the current monographs focusing on the basic theory of wavelets, it focuses on the use of wavelet-based numerical methods developed by the author over the years. Even for the necessary basic theory of wavelet in engineering applications, this book is based on the author’s own understanding in plain language, instead of a relatively difficult professional mathematical description. This book is very suitable for students, researchers and technical personnel who only want to need the minimal knowledge of wavelet method to solve specific problems in engineering.
The frequent appearance of androgyny in Ming and Qing literature has long interested scholars of late imperial Chinese culture. A flourishing economy, widespread education, rising individualism, a prevailing hedonism--all of these had contributed to the gradual disintegration of traditional gender roles in late Ming and early Qing China (1550-1750) and given rise to the phenomenon of androgyny. Now, Zuyan Zhou sheds new light on this important period, offering a highly original and astute look at the concept of androgyny in key works of Chinese fiction and drama from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries. The work begins with an exploration of androgyny in Chinese philosophy and Ming-Qing culture. Zhou proceeds to examine chronologically the appearance of androgyny in major literary writing of the time, yielding novel interpretations of canonical works from The Plum in the Golden Vase, through the scholar-beauty romances, to The Dream of the Red Chamber. He traces the ascendance of the androgyny craze in the late Ming, its culmination in the Ming-Qing transition, and its gradual phasing out after the mid-Qing. The study probes deviations from engendered codes of behavior both in culture and literature, then focuses on two parallel areas: androgyny in literary characterization and androgyny in literati identity. The author concludes that androgyny in late Ming and early Qing literature is essentially the dissident literati's stance against tyrannical politics, a psychological strategy to relieve anxiety over growing political inferiority.
This comprehensive guide expertly distills the vast landscape of large-diameter shield tunneling technology. Authored by a team of eminent shield technology experts with hands-on experience, it presents a treasure trove of real-world engineering data and examples, and simplifies complex concepts for easy comprehension.Its ten chapters offer a structured journey, commencing with Chapter 1, which chronicles the global evolution and innovations in large-diameter tunnel construction technology. Chapter 2 unveils cutting-edge designs and vital functions of contemporary large-diameter shield machines. Chapter 3 explores integrated slurry treatment systems, emphasizing zero-discharge processes, while Chapter 4 delves into high-precision steel mold design and advanced segment production techniques.Chapters 5 and 6 provide in-depth insights into excavation processes, encompassing starting and receiving procedures, excavation face stability, shield body posture management, segment assembly, and synchronous grouting. Chapter 7 adopts an informatics perspective, elucidating data management and control. The critical topic of risk management and countermeasures takes center stage in Chapter 8, while Chapter 9 spotlights domestic large-diameter shield tunneling projects and their pivotal technologies. Lastly, in Chapter 10, the book offers a forward-looking vision for the future of tunneling and shield machine development.Tailored for professionals in design and construction, researchers in scientific institutes, and those engaged in tunnel and underground engineering, this book serves as an invaluable resource. This book empowers engineers and technicians at the forefront by enhancing their grasp of large-diameter shield tunneling construction technology. It also offers indispensable guidance to design, construction, and technical management personnel in the field.
This book highlights the development of novel metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells (MS-SOFCs). It describes the metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells (MS-SOFCs) that consist of a microporous stainless steel support, nanoporous electrode composites and a thin ceramic electrolyte using the “tape casting-sintering-infiltrating” method. Further, it investigates the reaction kinetics of the fuel cells’ electrodes, structure–performance relationship and degradation mechanism. By optimizing the electrode materials, preparation process for the fuel cells, and nano-micro structure of the electrode, the resulting MS-SOFCs demonstrated (1) great output power densities at low temperatures, e.g., 1.02 W cm-2 at 600°C, when operating in humidified hydrogen fuels and air oxidants; (2) excellent long-term stability, e.g., a degradation rate of 1.3% kh-1 when measured at 650°C and 0.9 A cm-2 for 1500 h. The design presented offers a promising pathway for the development of low-cost, high power-density and long-term-stable SOFCs for energy conversion.
This set of six volumes provides a systematic and standardized description of 23,033 chemical components isolated from 6,926 medicinal plants, collected from 5,535 books/articles published in Chinese and international journals. A chemical structure with stereo-chemistry bonds is provided for each chemical component, in addition to conventional information, such as Chinese and English names, physical and chemical properties. It includes a name list of medicinal plants from which the chemical component was isolated. Furthermore, abundant pharmacological data for nearly 8,000 chemical components are presented, including experimental method, experimental animal, cell type, quantitative data, as well as control compound data. The seven indexes allow for complete cross-indexing. Regardless whether one searches for the molecular formula of a compound, the pharmacological activity of a compound, or the English name of a plant, the information in the book can be retrieved in multiple ways.
With the explosive growth of mobile computing and Internet of Things (IoT) applications, as exemplified by AR/VR, smart city, and video/audio surveillance, billions of mobile and IoT devices are being connected to the Internet, generating zillions of bytes of data at the network edge. Driven by this trend, there is an urgent need to push the frontiers of artificial intelligence (AI) to the network edge to fully unleash the potential of IoT big data. Indeed, the marriage of edge computing and AI has resulted in innovative solutions, namely edge intelligence or edge AI. Nevertheless, research and practice on this emerging inter-disciplinary field is still in its infancy stage. To facilitate the dissemination of the recent advances in edge intelligence in both academia and industry, this book conducts a comprehensive and detailed survey of the recent research efforts and also showcases the authors' own research progress on edge intelligence. Specifically, the book first reviews the background and present motivation for AI running at the network edge. Next, it provides an overview of the overarching architectures, frameworks, and emerging key technologies for deep learning models toward training/inference at the network edge. To illustrate the research problems for edge intelligence, the book also showcases four of the authors' own research projects on edge intelligence, ranging from rigorous theoretical analysis to studies based on realistic implementation. Finally, it discusses the applications, marketplace, and future research opportunities of edge intelligence. This emerging interdisciplinary field offers many open problems and yet also tremendous opportunities, and this book only touches the tip of iceberg. Hopefully, this book will elicit escalating attention, stimulate fruitful discussions, and open new directions on edge intelligence.
A Pragmatist and His Free Spirit portrays the unconventional love of Hu Shi, a Chinese social reformer and civil rights pioneer, and Edith Clifford Williams, an American avant-garde artist of the early twentieth century. Hu studied at Cornell University, where he first met Williams, and Columbia University, where he worked with the famous pragmatist John Dewey. At the time of his death in 1962, he and Williams had exchanged more than 300 letters that, along with poems and excerpts from Hu's diaries and documents (some of which have never before been translated into English) form the center of this book. In Williams, Hu found his intellectual match, a woman and fellow scholar who helped the reformer reconcile his independent scholarship with cultural tradition. Williams counciled Hu on the acceptance of an arranged marriage, and she influenced his pursuit of experimental vernacular poetry through an exposure to avant-garde art. In 1933, the two became lovers, although their romance would eventually dwindle. Nevertheless, Williams maintained a devoted and honest correspondence with Hu throughout his tumultuous life. Hu's work touched on virtually every crucial aspect of twentieth-century Chinese society, particularly Chinese liberalism and the use of vernacular Chinese. A Pragmatist and His Free Spirit explores the lesser-known side of this major philosopher while reconstructing his romance with Williams. Not only does the volume place Hu within the larger social, economic, and political context of his time, but it also provides readers with a multifaceted portrait of China's dramatic modern history. Hu Shi: Father of the Modern Chinese Renaissance*1891: Born in a suburb of Shanghai; 1962: Died in Taipei.* Married with three children.* Possibly the most documented life in modern China.* Earned a B.A. and M.A. at Cornell University; Earned a Ph.D. at Columbia University, where he studied with the famous pragmatist John Dewey.* Became a leading figure of the Chinese Literary Revolution of 1919, advocating the use of vernacular Chinese and the importance of intellectual individualism.* Become a civil rights advocate who promoted the empowerment of women.* Served as the Republic of China's Ambassador to the United States from 1938 to 1942.* Installed as president of Peking University from 1946 to 1948.* Worked as curator of Princeton University's Gest Library from 1950 to 1952.* Became the target in absentia of a massive political denunciation campaign launched by the Chinese government between 1954 and 1955.* Served as president of Academica Sinica, Taipei, from 1958 to 1962.* Quoted as saying: "Be bold in your hypothesis; be meticulous in your verification." Edith Clifford Williams: A Woman Ahead of Her Time* 1885: Born in Ithaca, New York; 1971: Died in Barbados.* Claims to have followed her father's advice: "Don't marry unless you can't help it."* Studied at Yale University School of Art and the Académie Julian in Paris.* Became a pioneer of abstract art and a member of Alfred Stieglitz's inner circle.* Worked as the first full-time librarian of Cornell University's Veterinary Library from 1923 to 1946.* Completed two modernist works of monumental importance: Two Rhythms (1916), a painting now housed at the Philadelphia Museum of Art; and Plâtre à toucher chez de Zayas (1916), a sculpture made for touching that was featured in Marcel Duchamp's 1917 journal, Rongwrong, and used as the subject of a lecture by Guillaume Apollinaire in Paris.
Recent decades have seen China�s domestic consumption in sectors such as food, housing, health care, education and travel greatly increase. This important book assesses China�s current food consumption trends and the outlook for its future needs of suc
This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the basic concepts, models, and applications of graph neural networks. It starts with the introduction of the vanilla GNN model. Then several variants of the vanilla model are introduced such as graph convolutional networks, graph recurrent networks, graph attention networks, graph residual networks, and several general frameworks. Graphs are useful data structures in complex real-life applications such as modeling physical systems, learning molecular fingerprints, controlling traffic networks, and recommending friends in social networks. However, these tasks require dealing with non-Euclidean graph data that contains rich relational information between elements and cannot be well handled by traditional deep learning models (e.g., convolutional neural networks (CNNs) or recurrent neural networks (RNNs). Nodes in graphs usually contain useful feature information that cannot be well addressed in most unsupervised representation learning methods (e.g., network embedding methods). Graph neural networks (GNNs) are proposed to combine the feature information and the graph structure to learn better representations on graphs via feature propagation and aggregation. Due to its convincing performance and high interpretability, GNN has recently become a widely applied graph analysis tool. Variants for different graph types and advanced training methods are also included. As for the applications of GNNs, the book categorizes them into structural, non-structural, and other scenarios, and then it introduces several typical models on solving these tasks. Finally, the closing chapters provide GNN open resources and the outlook of several future directions.
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