There are still insufficient general theories on the law of diminishing returns, despite 100 years of development. Starting with intensive variables theory, and by utilizing tools of spatiotemporal correlation and intensive functions, moving on to the integrated curve of diminishing returns and intensive theory, and even more importantly, using a combination of static and dynamic GIS, and integrating numerical calculation and spatial optimization, this book not only creates a unique theoretical framework and methodology for the evaluation of land use effect, but also addresses the long-standing lack of universal theories and methods on the law of diminishing returns. It will have far-reaching impacts on the development of this area and its practical application. The book covers a wide range fields in geography, land science, geographic information science, management science and related areas. Novel theoretical perspectives illustrated with many detailed case studies offer an easier way for readers to expand their research, ensuring that both academic and business audiences will benefit. Prof. Xinqi Zheng works at the China University of Geosciences (Beijing), People’s Republic of China.
In PAPER TIGER the Chinese journalist and intellectual Xu Zhiyuan paints a portrait of the world's second-largest economy via a thoughtful and wide-ranging series of mini essays on contemporary Chinese society. Xu Zhiyuan describes the many stages upon which China's great transformation is taking place, from Beijing's Silicon district to a cruise down the Three Gorges; he profiles China's dissidents, including Liu Xiaobo, Ai Weiwei and Chen Guangcheng; and explores lesser-known stories of scandals that rocked China but which most people outside that country did not hear about – and which shed troubling light on China's dark heart. Xu Zhiyuan understands his homeland in a way no foreign correspondent ever could. PAPER TIGER is a unique insider's view of China that is measured and brave, ambitious in scope and deeply personal.
This open access book provides an overview of the recent advances in representation learning theory, algorithms and applications for natural language processing (NLP). It is divided into three parts. Part I presents the representation learning techniques for multiple language entries, including words, phrases, sentences and documents. Part II then introduces the representation techniques for those objects that are closely related to NLP, including entity-based world knowledge, sememe-based linguistic knowledge, networks, and cross-modal entries. Lastly, Part III provides open resource tools for representation learning techniques, and discusses the remaining challenges and future research directions. The theories and algorithms of representation learning presented can also benefit other related domains such as machine learning, social network analysis, semantic Web, information retrieval, data mining and computational biology. This book is intended for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, post-doctoral fellows, researchers, lecturers, and industrial engineers, as well as anyone interested in representation learning and natural language processing.
heterogeneous graphs. Further, the book introduces different applications of NE such as recommendation and information diffusion prediction. Finally, the book concludes the methods and applications and looks forward to the future directions.
The zebrafish is the most important fish model in developmental andgenetic analyses. This book contains 19 review articles covering abroad spectrum of topics, from development to genetic tools. Thecontents range from early development, the role of maternal factorsand gastrulation, to tissue differentiation and organogenesis, such asdevelopment of the organizer, notochord, floor plate, nervous system, somites, muscle, skeleton and endoderm
Vacuum circuit breakers are widely used in distribution power systems for their advantages such as maintenance free and eco-friendly. Nowadays, most circuit breakers used at transmission voltage level are SF6 circuit breakers, but the SF6 they emit is one of the six greenhouse gases defined in Kyoto Protocol. Therefore, the development of transmission voltage level vacuum circuit breaker can help the environment. The switching arc phenomena in transmission voltage level vacuum circuit breakers are key issues to explore. This book focuses on the high-current vacuum arcs phenomena at transmission voltage level, especially on the anode spot phenomena, which significantly influence the success or failure of the short circuit current interruption. Then, it addresses the dielectric recovery property in current interruption. Next it explains how to determine the closing/opening displacement curve of transmission voltage level vacuum circuit breakers based on the vacuum arc phenomena. After that, it explains how to determine key design parameters for vacuum interrupters and vacuum circuit breakers at transmission voltage level. At the end, the most challenging issue for vacuum circuit breakers, capacitive switching in vacuum, is addressed. The contents of this book will benefit researchers and engineers in the field of power engineering, especially in the field of power circuit breakers and power switching technology.
Lifelong Machine Learning, Second Edition is an introduction to an advanced machine learning paradigm that continuously learns by accumulating past knowledge that it then uses in future learning and problem solving. In contrast, the current dominant machine learning paradigm learns in isolation: given a training dataset, it runs a machine learning algorithm on the dataset to produce a model that is then used in its intended application. It makes no attempt to retain the learned knowledge and use it in subsequent learning. Unlike this isolated system, humans learn effectively with only a few examples precisely because our learning is very knowledge-driven: the knowledge learned in the past helps us learn new things with little data or effort. Lifelong learning aims to emulate this capability, because without it, an AI system cannot be considered truly intelligent. Research in lifelong learning has developed significantly in the relatively short time since the first edition of this book was published. The purpose of this second edition is to expand the definition of lifelong learning, update the content of several chapters, and add a new chapter about continual learning in deep neural networks—which has been actively researched over the past two or three years. A few chapters have also been reorganized to make each of them more coherent for the reader. Moreover, the authors want to propose a unified framework for the research area. Currently, there are several research topics in machine learning that are closely related to lifelong learning—most notably, multi-task learning, transfer learning, and meta-learning—because they also employ the idea of knowledge sharing and transfer. This book brings all these topics under one roof and discusses their similarities and differences. Its goal is to introduce this emerging machine learning paradigm and present a comprehensive survey and review of the important research results and latest ideas in the area. This book is thus suitable for students, researchers, and practitioners who are interested in machine learning, data mining, natural language processing, or pattern recognition. Lecturers can readily use the book for courses in any of these related fields.
In PAPER TIGER the Chinese journalist and intellectual Xu Zhiyuan paints a portrait of the world's second-largest economy via a thoughtful and wide-ranging series of mini essays on contemporary Chinese society. Xu Zhiyuan describes the many stages upon which China's great transformation is taking place, from Beijing's Silicon district to a cruise down the Three Gorges; he profiles China's dissidents, including Liu Xiaobo, Ai Weiwei and Chen Guangcheng; and explores lesser-known stories of scandals that rocked China but which most people outside that country did not hear about – and which shed troubling light on China's dark heart. Xu Zhiyuan understands his homeland in a way no foreign correspondent ever could. PAPER TIGER is a unique insider's view of China that is measured and brave, ambitious in scope and deeply personal.
A brave 'crocoduck' saves his family from becoming duck dinner. Raised from an egg by Mother Duck, Guji Guji is quite content with his life as a duckling, despite the fact that he doesn't look anything like his brothers. Then he meets three nasty creatures who not only convince him that he is, like them, a crocodile, but also try to persuade him to deliver his duck relatives for their dinner. "Chen's vivid characters - the exuberantly befuddled 'crocoduck' and his adopted family, the riotously creepy crocodiles that loom like shadows - are rendered with wit and warmth ... Love overcomes all differences here, and Guji Guji's antics are laugh-out-loud adorable." The New York Times Book Review "Chen's story of love, acceptance and self-discovery gives every sign of becoming a well-worn favourite." Publishers Weekly "This story is a winner! When, after a brief silence once the story is read, comes 'Can we read it again, please?' you know it will be a favourite - and it is." Daily Chronicle
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