The distribution of the electrostatic potential in and between the materials in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin-film solar cells has a major impact on their superior performance. This thesis reported on the nanoscale imaging of the electrostatic potential on untreated cross sections of operating Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells using Kelvin probe force microscopy.
This book is composed of eight chapters, introducing the authors’ research and application achievements in the hazard-causing system and disaster evaluation of water and mud inrush in tunnels over the past 10 years. Through a large number of case studies and analysis, and on the basis of existing research, this book puts forward 3 categories and 11 types of tunnel water and mud inrush hazard-causing systems and 4 typical water and mud inrush disaster-forming modes. The authors carefully study the typical cases of tunnel water and mud inrush hazard-causing system, discuss the types of karst water system, structural characteristics, macro-geological identification, engineering identification, karst tunnel route selection principles and evaluation methods in detail, and then develop a dynamic evaluation method of tunnel water and mud inrush construction risk interval and an evaluation method for the resistance body. Ultimately, the authors put forward a systematic identification method of tunnel water and mud inrush disaster, which integrates geological identification, geophysical exploration identification, and drilling identification, and construct a dynamic management and analysis platform for tunnel water and mud inrush cases. This book is used as a reference book for teachers, graduate students, and undergraduates in colleges and universities of civil engineering, transportation, water conservancy and hydropower, mining, geology, etc., and also as a reference for technicians in related engineering fields.
This book introduces readers to oracle bone inscriptions (OBI), the oldest known form of Chinese writing. It presents 120 rubbings made from unearthed animal bones and turtle shells that the Shang royal court employed to record royal divinations 3500 years ago, covering topics ranging from ancestor worship, rituals, and astronomy to agriculture, war, and hunting. Each rubbing is accompanied by a graph-to-graph transcription, a translation and a detailed annotation. The book is intended for both general readers and scholars who are interested in ancient civilizations and Early China in particular, acquainting them not only with OBI graphs and the development of the Chinese writing system, but also the history of the Shang Dynasty. The didactic and tutorial format makes this book ideal for teaching and for self-learning. Sumerian, Egyptian, Chinese OBI and Mayan constitute the four pristine writing systems. Of these, only Chinese writing has remained logographic and survived to the present day. The study of OBI not only plays a pivotal role in connecting archaeology to history, but is also of great importance to the comparative study of the origin of writing and civilization. Though there are numerous books on Mayan and Egyptian hieroglyphs, there are very few on OBI; this book fills that gap.
The distribution of the electrostatic potential in and between the materials in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin-film solar cells has a major impact on their superior performance. This thesis reported on the nanoscale imaging of the electrostatic potential on untreated cross sections of operating Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells using Kelvin probe force microscopy.
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