... A diskette with the updated programme of Appendix C and examples is available through the author at a small fee. email: nezheng@ucla.edu fax: 1--310--825--5435 ... This book systematically discusses basic concepts, theory, solution methods and applications of inverse problems in groundwater modeling. It is the first book devoted to this subject. The inverse problem is defined and solved in both deterministic and statistic frameworks. Various direct and indirect methods are discussed and compared. As a useful tool, the adjoint state method and its applications are given in detail. For a stochastic field, the maximum likelihood estimation and co-kriging techniques are used to estimate unknown parameters. The ill-posed problem of inverse solution is highlighted through the whole book. The importance of data collection strategy is specially emphasized. Besides the classical design criteria, the relationships between decision making, prediction, parameter identification and experimental design are considered from the point of view of extended identifiabilities. The problem of model structure identification is also considered. This book can be used as a textbook for graduate students majoring in hydrogeology or related subjects. It is also a reference book for hydrogeologists, petroleum engineers, environmental engineers, mining engineers and applied mathematicians.
This three-part book provides a comprehensive and systematic introduction to these challenging topics such as model calibration, parameter estimation, reliability assessment, and data collection design. Part 1 covers the classical inverse problem for parameter estimation in both deterministic and statistical frameworks, Part 2 is dedicated to system identification, hyperparameter estimation, and model dimension reduction, and Part 3 considers how to collect data and construct reliable models for prediction and decision-making. For the first time, topics such as multiscale inversion, stochastic field parameterization, level set method, machine learning, global sensitivity analysis, data assimilation, model uncertainty quantification, robust design, and goal-oriented modeling, are systematically described and summarized in a single book from the perspective of model inversion, and elucidated with numerical examples from environmental and water resources modeling. Readers of this book will not only learn basic concepts and methods for simple parameter estimation, but also get familiar with advanced methods for modeling complex systems. Algorithms for mathematical tools used in this book, such as numerical optimization, automatic differentiation, adaptive parameterization, hierarchical Bayesian, metamodeling, Markov chain Monte Carlo, are covered in details. This book can be used as a reference for graduate and upper level undergraduate students majoring in environmental engineering, hydrology, and geosciences. It also serves as an essential reference book for professionals such as petroleum engineers, mining engineers, chemists, mechanical engineers, biologists, biology and medical engineering, applied mathematicians, and others who perform mathematical modeling.
Algae have long been recognized as potential feedstock to produce oils. In recent years, the use of algae, in particular, Chlorella, for heterotrophic oil production has gained increasing interest due to its fast growth, ultrahigh cell density, and superior oil productivity. The current technology for heterotrophic production of algal oils, however, is still far from economically viable because of its high production cost. The opportunities that lie ahead for improving the production economics of heterotrophic algal oils will be the advances in exploration of low-cost carbon alternatives, advanced culture systems, and genetic engineering of algal strains for improvement as well as the biorefinery-based integrated production of oils and coproducts. Breakthroughs and innovations in these areas are sought to expand heterotrophic production of algae from high-value products to cheap commodity products of oils.
Groundwater is one of the most important resources in the world. In many areas, water supplies for industrial, domestic, and agricultural uses are de pendent on groundwater. As an "open" system, groundwater may exchange mass and energy with its neighboring systems (soil, air, and surface water) through adsorption, ion-exchange, infiltration, evaporation, inflow, outflow, and other exchange forms. Consequently, both the quantity and quality of groundwater may vary with environmental changes and human activities. Due to population growth, and industrial and agricultural development, more and more groundwater is extracted, especially in arid areas. If the groundwater management problem is not seriously considered, over extraction may lead to groundwater mining, salt water intrusion, and land subsidence. In fact, the quality of groundwater is gradually deteriorating throughout the world. The problem of groundwater pollution has appeared, not only in developed countries, but also in developing countries. Ground water pollution is a serious environmental problem that may damage human health, destroy the ecosystem, and cause water shortage.
This original book offers a meaningful window into the lived experiences of children from immigrant families, providing a holistic, profound portrait of their literacy practices as situated within social, cultural, and political frames. Drawing on reports from five years of an ongoing longitudinal research project involving students from immigrant families across their elementary school years, each chapter explores a unique set of questions about the students’ experiences and offers a rich data set of observations, interviews, and student-created artifacts. Authors apply different sociocultural, sociomaterial, and sociopolitical frameworks to better understand the dimensions of the children’s experiences. The multitude of approaches applied demonstrates how viewing the same data through distinct lenses is a powerful way to uncover the differences and comparative uses of these theories. Through such varied lenses, it becomes apparent how the complexities of lived experiences inform and improve our understanding of teaching and learning, and how our understanding of multifaceted literacy practices affects students’ social worlds and identities. Children in Immigrant Families Becoming Literate is a much-needed resource for scholars, professors, researchers, and graduate students in language and literacy education, English education, and teacher education.
This book focuses on target tracking and information fusion with random finite sets. Both principles and implementations have been addressed, with more weight placed on engineering implementations. This is achieved by providing in-depth study on a number of major topics such as the probability hypothesis density (PHD), cardinalized PHD, multi-Bernoulli (MB), labeled MB (LMB), d-generalized LMB (d-GLMB), marginalized d-GLMB, together with their Gaussian mixture and sequential Monte Carlo implementations. Five extended applications are covered, which are maneuvering target tracking, target tracking for Doppler radars, track-before-detect for dim targets, target tracking with non-standard measurements, and target tracking with multiple distributed sensors. The comprehensive and systematic summarization in target tracking with RFSs is one of the major features of the book, which is particularly suited for readers who are interested to learn solutions in target tracking with RFSs. The book benefits researchers, engineers, and graduate students in the fields of random finite sets, target tracking, sensor fusion/data fusion/information fusion, etc.
Written by respected experts, this book highlights the latest findings on the electromagnetic ultrasonic guided wave (UGW) imaging method. It introduces main topics as the Time of Flight (TOF) extraction method for the guided wave signal, tomography and scattering imaging methods which can be used to improve the imaging accuracy of defects. Further, it offers essential insights into how electromagnetic UGW can be used in nondestructive testing (NDT) and defect imaging. As such, the book provides valuable information, useful methods and practical experiments that will benefit researchers, scientists and engineers in the field of NDT.
In the Chinese Cultural Revolution, millions of middle school and high school graduates, called the zhiqing or Educated Youth, were sent up to the mountains and down to the countryside to receive reeducation from the poor peasants. With deep conviction that they would play an important role in the transformation of rural China, the zhiqing became field hands, never realizing that reeducation was both a physical and psychological challenge. This collection of poetry is the representation of those reeducation years in the fields. Half a century has passed, but memories remain fresh, each a page of suffering, cheering, or dreaming to turn.
Hierarchical structures are widely used in computer science to organize data. We study four problems related to security and geometry where hierarchical structures are involved, and give efficient algorithms and data structures to solve them. For a security problem on broadcast encryption with device revocation, we provide several schemes for the cases that the receiving devices are organized in hierarchies, the cases that previous schemes cannot handle efficiently. For a geometry problem of maintaining and querying multidimensional point sets, we give a hierarchical skip dada structure with fast algorithms for several fundamental geometric queries. We also make a peer-to-peer distributed dictionary, again based on a multi-level hierarchical skip structure, that supports fast update and search for ordered data and has constant degree but high fault-tolerance. At last, we provide an efficient algorithm, by reducing recursively to the problem of circular permutations, to test whether a hierarchically defined clustered graph can be drawn properly on the plane. These problems either have some sort of hierarchies in the problem descriptions that come naturally from practice, or depend on some hierarchical data structures to support efficient query algorithms. Comparing to related work, our solutions to these problems either have better performance or simpler structures, or achieve on dynamic data the optimal performance that previously can only be obtained on static data, or combine the best features of several different structures that previously can not be obtained simultaneously, or solve a new subclass of a problem that previously is not known to be solvable in polynomial time.
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