This book begins with the dynamic characteristics of the covering layerbedrock type slope, containing monitoring data of the seismic array, shaking table tests, numerical analysis and theoretical derivation. Then it focuses on the landslide mechanism and assessment method. It also proposes a model that assessing the hazard area based on the field investigations. Many questions, exercises and solutions are given. Researchers and engineers in the field of Geotechnical Engineering and Anti-seismic Engineering can benefit from it.
This empirical study examines the learning problem of the argument structure of psych predicates such as «The dog frightens John» and the related V-ing adjectives such as «The dog is frightening to John». The problem is theoretically interesting because of the marked nature of the thematic role mapping of these sentences in relation to the principle of the Uniformity of Theta Assignment Hypothesis (UTAH). The problem is highly relevant to our understanding of second language acquisition, as this is known to be a prevalent difficulty among language learners. The author has framed the learning problem within a coherent parametric framework drawing on a sophisticated critical review of the syntax/semantics literature and theories of L2 development. The author has specifically developed a theory, the «Semantic Salience Hierarchy Model» (SSHM), to explain the learning process. The significance of the model is not confined only to this particular study, as the issues related to the L2 acquisition of other causative verbs can also be examined within this model. The findings of this study also bear implications to TESOL.
This book studies the pathways and policies of regional coordinated low carbon development from the perspective of regional spillover-feedback effects. How do regional economies interact with carbon emission? This phenomena, also known as spillover-feedback effects, is explained in depth with reference to datasets and real examples. As China adopts zero-carbon emissions policies within the context of regional disparities, this theoretical construct is gaining utility, and in this book, climate science researchers and political scientists will find it explicated as never before.
Due to the lack of a uniform schema for Web documents and the sheer amount and dynamics of Web data, both the effectiveness and the efficiency of information management and retrieval of Web data is often unsatisfactory when using conventional data management techniques. Web community, defined as a set of Web-based documents with its own logical structure, is a flexible and efficient approach to support information retrieval and to implement various applications. Zhang and his co-authors explain how to construct and analyse Web communities based on information like Web document contents, hyperlinks, or user access logs. Their approaches combine results from Web search algorithms, Web clustering methods, and Web usage mining. They also detail the necessary preliminaries needed to understand the algorithms presented, and they discuss several successful existing applications. Researchers and students in information retrieval and Web search find in this all the necessary basics and methods to create and understand Web communities. Professionals developing Web applications will additionally benefit from the samples presented for their own designs and implementations.
The construction and operation of highways has a significant impact on the environment. While such impact is impossible to avoid, modern highways are constructed and landscaped to minimise these impacts as far as possible. Good landscaping minimises the impact on those living or working close to the highway, while at the same time regenerating the natural landscape disturbed during construction. Using as its background the successful landscape design of the Nanjing-Hangzhou Expressway in Jiangsu Province, China, which opened to traffic in 2007, Highway Landscape Design includes reference to all aspects of the landscaping of highways, including interchanges, embankments, central reservations, bridges, service and toll station areas, and drainage systems. Appropriate consideration is given to the negative impact on the surrounding environment during the process of construction and it discusses the ecological evaluation and conservation strategy for the highway route. China is in some respects at the forefront of highway landscape design as a result of rapid growth and development coupled with the financial resources to implement major infrastructure works, and the concepts, technologies and methods developed for this Expressway provide valuable experience for sustainable development strategies for such infrastructure.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Conference on Biometrics, ICB 2006, held in Hong Kong, China in January 2006. The book includes 104 revised full papers covering such areas of biometrics as the face, fingerprint, iris, speech and signature, biometric fusion and performance evaluation, gait, keystrokes, and more. In addition the results of the Face Authentication Competition (FAC 2006) are also announced in this volume.
This new issue in our leadership series provides you with a comprehensive analysis of management practices in Australia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, China, Dominican Republic , Finland, France, Ghana, Ireland, Italy, Morocco, New Zealand, Romania, Suriname, Sweden and Vietnam. This book shows how domestic leadership conventions often differ significantly from those in other countries. Comparative desk research, focus interviews with, and online polling of thousands of C-level professionals in the aforementioned countries, made us realise how much cultural factors can affect leadership strategies across the globe. A book providing a reference for those aiming at a cross-border career, or interested in international management issues. Alwin van der Blom ; امل المنوتي (Amal El Mannouti) ; Анастасия Сафонова (Anastasiya Safonava) ; Aryan Ghanizadeh ; Bas Aartsma ; Bibi Kor ; Boaz Kuijer ; Bram de Kloet ; Bram Verburg ; Bùi Ngọc Diệu Thảo ; Celeste Dorigo ; Charlotte Boakye ; Daan van der Schot ; Daley Claassen ; Dennis Mosch ; Erik Kaal ; Fleur Leijtens ; Inge Trakzel ; Jary Nijssen ; Jasper van Beek ; Jeroen van Duin ; Jesse Buiter ; 彭竞雨 (Jingyu Peng) ; Jorrit van den Berg ; Julian van Arkel ; Juno Bäckman ; Kassandre Maginot ; Kevin van Balen ; Койна Стоянова (Koina Stoyanova) ; Kristy Bruijn ; Lisa Straalman ; Luciano Tetelepta ; मनीषा रसियावन (Manisha Rasiawan) ; Margot Amouroux-Prince ; Maria Simões Fortini Sidney de Souza ; Marije Hollestelle ; Marissa Bank ; Mark Grasmayer ; Mark Hoogenraat ; Martijn Smeets ; Maurice Backer Dirks ; Maxime Requin ; Megena Tesfamariam ; Michelle Vet ; Myrtill Dongen Natalia Kempny ; نورهان الخفاجي (Norhan Al Khafaji) ; Omar Fye ; Patricia Okarimia ; Patrick Kat ; Patrick Peute ; Raphael Gounod-Rondepierre ; Rens Geertse ; Ruben den Bak ; Rudmer Lieshout ; Rynk Poelsma ; Sam van Diest ; Sammie Reijnders ; Sem van Amersfoort ; Sil Visser ; Sophie Klijn ; Stefanie Ozuna Castillo ; Susanne Koelman ; Sven Spiegelenberg ; Teun Hoogland ; Tibor Lundberg ; Tim Eliasson ; Titta Pennanen ; Tjeerd Phaff ; Victoria Ricknell ; Vlada Sacara and 张洋帆 (Yvonne, Yangfan Zhang).
In the Qing period (1644–1912), China's population tripled, and the flurry of new development generated unprecedented demand for timber. Standard environmental histories have often depicted this as an era of reckless deforestation, akin to the resource misuse that devastated European forests at the same time. This comprehensive new study shows that the reality was more complex: as old-growth forests were cut down, new economic arrangements emerged to develop renewable timber resources. Historian Meng Zhang traces the trade routes that connected population centers of the Lower Yangzi Delta to timber supplies on China's southwestern frontier. She documents innovative property rights systems and economic incentives that convinced landowners to invest years in growing trees. Delving into rare archives to reconstruct business histories, she considers both the formal legal mechanisms and the informal interactions that helped balance economic profit with environmental management. Of driving concern were questions of sustainability: How to maintain a reliable source of timber across decades and centuries? And how to sustain a business network across a thousand miles? This carefully constructed study makes a major contribution to Chinese economic and environmental history and to world-historical discourses on resource management, early modern commercialization, and sustainable development.
This book is part of an initiative in cooperation with renowned Chinese publishers to make fundamental, formative, and influential Chinese thinkers available to a western readership, providing absorbing insights into Chinese reflections of late. Haipeng Zhang and Jinyi Zhai provide us with a history of China's struggle for national independence and prosperity, reflecting the “humiliation” in the “sinking” period and the “struggle” during the “rising” period. After the Japanese aggressions against China had caused more damage to China than all previous invasions, Chinese society not only avoided the continued "sinking", but also laid the foundation for China's modernization and the recent success story to the present day.
How states develop the capacity to tax is a question of fundamental importance to political science, legal theory, economics, sociology, and history. Increasingly, scholars believe that China's relative economic decline in the 18th and 19th centuries was related to its weak fiscal institutions and limited revenue. This book argues that this fiscal weakness was fundamentally ideological in nature. Belief systems created through a confluence of traditional political ethics and the trauma of dynastic change imposed unusually deep and powerful constraints on fiscal policymaking and institutions throughout the final 250 years of China's imperial history. Through the Qing example, this book combs through several interaction dynamics between state institutions and ideologies. The latter shapes the former, but the former can also significantly reinforce the political durability of the latter. In addition to its historical analysis of ideological politics, this book makes a major contribution to the longstanding debate on Sino-European divergence.
Chinese National Cinema, written for students by a leading scholar, traces the formation, negotiation and problematization of the national on the Chinese screen over ninety years.
This SpringerBrief introduces key techniques for 5G wireless networks. The authors cover the development of wireless networks that led to 5G, and how 5G mobile communication technology (5G) can no longer be defined by a single business model or a typical technical characteristic. The discussed networks functions and services include Network Foundation Virtualization (N-FV), Cloud Radio Access Networks (Cloud-RAN), and Mobile Cloud Networking (MCN). The benefits of cloud platforms are examined, as are definable networking and green wireless networking. Other related and representative projects on 5G are mobile and wireless communications enablers for the Twenty-Twenty Information Society, Multi-hop Cellular Networks, Network Function as-a-Service over Virtualized Infrastructures, iJOIN, and Nuage Virtualized Services Platform. Major applications of 5G range from RAN sharing and Multi-Operator Core Networks to mobile convergence. Enhancing the user experience by providing smart and customized services, 5G will support the explosive growth of big data, mobile internet, digital media, and system efficiency. This SpringerBrief is designed for professionals, researchers, and academics working in networks or system applications. Advanced-level students of computer science or computer engineering will also find the content valuable.
In Postsocialism and Cultural Politics, Xudong Zhang offers a critical analysis of China’s “long 1990s,” the tumultuous years between the 1989 Tiananmen Square crackdown and China’s entry into the World Trade Organization in 2001. The 1990s were marked by Deng Xiaoping’s market-oriented reforms, the Taiwan missile crisis, the Asian financial crisis, and the end of British colonial rule of Hong Kong. Considering developments including the state’s cultivation of a market economy, the aggressive neoliberalism that accompanied that effort, the rise of a middle class and a consumer culture, and China’s entry into the world economy, Zhang argues that Chinese socialism is not over. Rather it survives as postsocialism, which is articulated through the discourses of postmodernism and nationalism and through the co-existence of multiple modes of production and socio-cultural norms. Highlighting China’s uniqueness, as well as the implications of its recent experiences for the wider world, Zhang suggests that Chinese postsocialism illuminates previously obscure aspects of the global shift from modernity to postmodernity. Zhang examines the reactions of intellectuals, authors, and filmmakers to the cultural and political conflicts in China during the 1990s. He offers a nuanced assessment of the changing divisions and allegiances within the intellectual landscape, and he analyzes the postsocialist realism of the era through readings of Mo Yan’s fiction and the films of Zhang Yimou. With Postsocialism and Cultural Politics, Zhang applies the same keen insight to China’s long 1990s that he brought to bear on the 1980s in Chinese Modernism in the Era of Reforms.
This book investigates the legal and political evolution of Chinese presidency from the period of its forerunner in the 1930s, its establishment in 1954 to its abolition in 1975, and its restoration in 1982, and discovers that the presidency has evolved from a traditional Chinese title into a political position and then a state institution that has the constitutional appearance of a Western style semi-presidency. However, politically it has functioned in a Stalinist party-state with Chinese characteristics, whose candidates have been produced according to the CCP’s step-by-step succession rules designated by the party leaders. Real political decision-making power has not only been limited by these succession rules, but also by the president's role and status within the CCP’s collective supreme body. The author weaves the themes of Chinese politics and law together and explores not only the political implications of those constitutional provisions and amendments regarding this office, but also the constitutional significance of the CCP’s major political practices, such as Mao Zedong’s “power of last say,” his idea of “two fronts,” his controversial abolition of the chairmanship, Deng Xiaoping’s idea of “the nucleus of leadership,” and “diplomacy of the head of state” by Chinese presidents, thus illuminating how law has been made in those unpredictable political environments and how politics has been defined by law. The author concludes that the office of president is the key to understanding how power in China derives first from the CCP, second from the military, and third from the government loosely prescribed by laws. Even more important, the millennia-old Confucian concept of the charismatic leader is alive and well. While all eyes are on the new incumbent, his predecessors have loomed large and continue to exert significant influence on him. Underlining decades of constitutional evolution and shifting political dynamics have been the changing foreign influences and local demands on China. With so many variables at play, the office of the president will certainly continue to evolve.
The book gives an introduction to basic biometric image discrimination technologies including theories that are the foundations of those technologies and new algorithms for biometrics authentication"--Provided by publisher.
A culmination of the authors' years of extensive research on this topic, Relational Data Clustering: Models, Algorithms, and Applications addresses the fundamentals and applications of relational data clustering. It describes theoretic models and algorithms and, through examples, shows how to apply these models and algorithms to solve real-world problems. After defining the field, the book introduces different types of model formulations for relational data clustering, presents various algorithms for the corresponding models, and demonstrates applications of the models and algorithms through extensive experimental results. The authors cover six topics of relational data clustering: Clustering on bi-type heterogeneous relational data Multi-type heterogeneous relational data Homogeneous relational data clustering Clustering on the most general case of relational data Individual relational clustering framework Recent research on evolutionary clustering This book focuses on both practical algorithm derivation and theoretical framework construction for relational data clustering. It provides a complete, self-contained introduction to advances in the field.
The Encyclopedia of Chinese Film, one of the first ever encyclopedias in this area, provides alphabetically organized entries on directors, genres, themes, and actors and actresses from mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan as well as 300 film synopses. Great care has been taken to provide solid cultural and historical context to the facts. The alphabetical entries are preceded by a substantial historical section, incorporating material on the the main studios and analysing the impact of Chinese film abroad as well as at home in recent years. This Encyclopedia meets the needs, equally, of * the film studies scholar * the student of Chinese culture * the specialist in Chinese film * the curious viewer wanting to know more. Additional features include: * comprehensive cross-references and suggestions for further reading * a list of relevant websites * a chronology of films and a classified contents list * three indexes - (one of film and tv titles with directors names and year of release, one of names including actors, writers, directors and producers and one of studios, all with pinyin romanizations) * a glossary of pinyin romanizations, Chinese characters and English equivalents to aid the specialist in moving between Chinese titles and English translations.
Lore and Verse is the first English-language book dedicated entirely to studying poems on history (yongshi shi) in premodern China. Focusing on works by poets from the entire range of early medieval China (220–589), Yue Zhang explores how history was disseminated and interpreted through poetry, as well as how and why certain historical figures were commemorated in poetry. In writing poems on history, poets retrospectively crafted their own identities through their celebration of historical figures, and they prospectively fortified a continuous lineage for transmitting their values and reputation to future generations. This continuous tradition of cultural memory informs a poet's reception of historical figures, which in turn shapes that tradition through further intertextual connections. Lore and Verse questions the sweeping generalization of early medieval Chinese poetry as consisting mainly of exuberant images and an ornamental style—an inaccurate characterization repeated by later historians and literary critics—and it provides translations, close readings, and analyses of selected poems on history that will be useful for students, instructors, and general readers interested in premodern Chinese literature and culture.
This book examines the two-way impacts between Brecht and Chinese culture and drama/theatre, focusing on Chinese theatrical productions since the end of the Cultural Revolution all the way to the first decades of the twenty-first century. Wei Zhang considers how Brecht’s plays have been adapted/appropriated by Chinese theatre artists to speak to the sociopolitical, economic, and cultural developments in China and how such endeavors reflect and result from dynamic interactions between Chinese philosophy, ethics, and aesthetics, especially as embodied in traditional xiqu and the Brechtian concepts of estrangement (Verfremdungseffekt) and political theatre. In examining these Brecht adaptations, Zhang offers an interdisciplinary study that contributes to the fields of comparative drama/theatre studies, intercultural studies, and performance studies.
The first comprehensive empirical study on corporate bankruptcy reorganizations in the second largest economy, China, investigating the formal corporate restructurings handled by China's courts between 2007 and 2015. The data and analysis presented in the book provide a unique lens from which China's newly-enacted Chapter 11-styled corporate reorganization law, both in the books and in practice, can be understood and from which the interaction between business and state in dealing with corporate bankruptcies in China could be better comprehended. This book benefits from the author's ten-year business law practice in China, and his insights on China's judicial and political system considerably enrich the arguments. In particular, this book sheds light on commencement of bankruptcy reorganizations, control models, corporate reorganization financing, value distribution, approval of reorganization plans and cross-border reorganizations under the China Enterprise Bankruptcy Law of 2006.
How did poets from the "Rivers and Lakes," a realm defined by its remoteness from the central government, navigate and transform the field of classical poetry, a "high" genre of the scholar-officials class? What did it mean for them to "make a living" out of poetry? Zhang Hongsheng answers those questions in this comprehensive study of the Rivers and Lakes Poetry Movement (Jianghu shipai).
This book explores the everyday life of Muslims in late imperial China proper (“Sino-Muslims”), revealing how they integrated themselves into Chinese society, while also maintaining distinct Islamic features. Deeming “identity” as practical, interactive, and processual, it focuses on Sino-Muslims’ daily networking practices which embodied their numerous processes of identification with people around them. Through an evaluation of such practices, it displays how, since the early seventeenth century, Sino-Muslims vigorously formed and participated in popular religious and secular networks at local, translocal, and China-wide scales, including mosques, merchant associations, gentry groups, Islamic educational and publishing networks. It demonstrates how such networks facilitated Sino-Muslims to become more aligned with the tempo of change in Chinese society and imperial governance, and created for them more ingenious venues and means to identify with Islam. Ultimately it reveals how, by the first half of the nineteenth century, a sense of collectivity—with common knowledge, memory, and discourse—was generated among dispersed Sino-Muslims. Utilizing Sino-Muslims’ own records such as steles, genealogies, and Chinese Islamic texts, this book will be of interest to scholars and students of comparative Muslim studies, Qing and early modern China, religious and ethnic identity, and professionals of Sino-Arab relations.
This book describes the photocatalytic mechanism, factors affecting photocatalytic activity, design and preparation of different kinds of nanostructured photocatalysts, and their applications in the environmental and energy fields. Further, it illustrates a broad range of modification methods including ion-doping, heterojunction, noble metal deposition, morphological control and sensitizations, which are used to extend the light absorption range of photocatalysts and reduce recombination between electrons and holes. Promising applications include water splitting, contaminant decomposition and photocatalytic reduction of CO2, which are closely related to environmental redemption and new energy development. The book offers an intriguing and useful guide for a broad readership in various fields of catalysis, material sciences, environment and energy.
This book is a timely response to a rather urgent call to seek an updated methodology in rereading and reappraising early Chinese texts in light of newly discovered early writings. For a long time, the concept of authorship in the formation and transmission of early Chinese texts has been misunderstood. The nominal author who should mainly function as a guide to text formation and interpretation is considered retrospectively as the originator and writer of the text. This book illustrates that although some notions about the text as the author’s property began to appear in some Eastern Han texts, a strict correlation between the author and the text results from later conceptions of literary history. Before the modern era, there existed a conceptual gap between an author and a writer. A pre-modern Chinese text could have had both an author and a writer, or even multiple authors and multiple writers. This work is the first study addressing these issues by more systematically emphasizing the connection of the text, the author, and the religious and sociopolitical settings in which these issues were embedded. It is expected to constitute a palpable contribution to Chinese studies and the discipline of philology in general
This book provides updated, full-picture analysis of the laws and practices of cross-border debt finance in the PRC. It is featured by the first-handed experiences of the author’s academic research and legal practice in this field over two decades. The author discusses legal and regulatory issues, transaction structures and documentation in relation to two debt finance products: loan and bond, covering the inbound structure (Chinese debtors’ raising funds from the international market) and the outbound structure (Chinese creditors’ supplying funds to the international market). For cross-border loans, this book thoroughly illustrates the foreign debt regulatory regime in the PRC and approaches the lending by Chinese banks to support exports and overseas investments under the “Belt and Road Initiative” (BRI). For cross-border bonds, it discusses how Chinese issuers, by designing various transaction structures, enter into the international bond market, and then researches the “opening-up” of Chinese bond market to both international issuers (for issuing “Panda Bonds”) and investors (for purchasing Chinese bonds). This book is used as an authoritative source for not only students and researchers, but also bankers and legal practitioners, who are interested in the Chinese debt finance market.
This work illustrates China’s values and how they are practiced. After introducing readers to the theories, systematical structure, historical status, and influence of traditional Chinese values, it points out major developmental trends in connection with modernization. Further, it explores the significance of the contemporary reconstruction of Chinese values and argues that these values can be divided into three layers: values-based goals of national development, Chinese values concepts, and norms of values in a civil society. On this basis, it subsequently interprets the core socialist values “Prosperity, Democracy, Civility and Harmony,” the value concepts “Freedom, Equality, Justice and Rule of Law” and values-based norms “Patriotism, Dedication, Integrity and Friendship.”
This book begins with the dynamic characteristics of the covering layerbedrock type slope, containing monitoring data of the seismic array, shaking table tests, numerical analysis and theoretical derivation. Then it focuses on the landslide mechanism and assessment method. It also proposes a model that assessing the hazard area based on the field investigations. Many questions, exercises and solutions are given. Researchers and engineers in the field of Geotechnical Engineering and Anti-seismic Engineering can benefit from it.
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