This volume contains extended versions of papers presented at the Third International Workshop on Logic Program Synthesis and Transformation (LOPSTR 93) held in Louvain-la-Neuve in July 1993. Much of the success of the workshop is due to Yves Deville who served as Organizer and Chair. Many people believe that machine support for the development and evolution of software will play a critical role in future software engineering environments. Machine support requires the formalization of the artifacts and processes that arise during the software lifecycle. Logic languages are unique in providing a uniform declarative notation for precisely describing application domains, software requirements, and for prescribing behavior via logic programs. Program synthesis and transfonnation techniques formalize the process of developing correct and efficient programs from requirement specifications. The natural intersection of these two fields of research has been the focus of the LOPSTR workshops. The papers in this volume address many aspects of software develop ment including: deductive synthesis, inductive synthesis, transforma tions for optimizing programs and exploiting parallelism, program analysis techniques (particularly via abstract interpretation), meta programming languages and tool support, and various extensions to Prolog-like languages, admitting non-Horn clauses, functions, and constraints. Despite the progress represented in this volume, the transition from laboratory to practice is fraught with difficulties.
Many science and engineering applications require the user to find solutions to systems of nonlinear constraints or to optimize a nonlinear function subject to nonlinear constraints. The field of global optimization is the study of methods to find all solutions to systems of nonlinear constraints and all global optima to optimization problems. Numerica is modeling language for global optimization that makes it possible to state nonlinear problems in a form close to the statements traditionally found in textbooks and scientific papers. The constraint-solving algorithm of Numerica is based on a combination of traditional numerical methods such as interval and local methods, and constraint satisfaction techniques. This comprehensive presentation of Numerica describes its design, functions, and implementation. It also discusses how to use Numerica effectively to solve practical problems and reports a number of experimental results. A commercial implementation of Numerica is available from ILOG under the name ILOG Numerica.
The GAMM-Commi ttee for Numerical Methods in Fluid Mechanics (GAMM-Fachausschuss für Numerische Methoden in der Strömungsmechanik) has sponsored the organization of a GAMM Workshop dedicated to the numerical simulation of three dimensional incompressible unsteady viscous laminar flows to test Navier-Stokes solvers. The Workshop was held in Paris from June 12th to June 14th, 1991 at the Ecole Nationale Superieure des Arts et Metiers. Two test problems were set up. The first one is the flow in a driven-lid parallelepipedic cavity at Re = 3200 . The second problem is a flow around a prolate spheroid at incidence. These problems are challenging as fully transient solutions are expected to show up. The difficulties for meaningful calculations come from both space and temporal discretizations which have to be sufficiently accurate to resol ve detailed structures like Taylor-Görtler-like vortices and the appropriate time development. Several research teams from academia and industry tackled the tests using different formulations (veloci ty-pressure, vortici ty velocity), different numerical methods (finite differences, finite volumes, finite elements), various solution algorithms (splitting, coupled ...), various solvers (direct, iterative, semi-iterative) with preconditioners or other numerical speed-up procedures. The results show some scatter and achieve different levels of efficiency. The Workshop was attended by about 25 scientists and drove much interaction between the participants. The contributions in these proceedings are presented in alphabetical order according to the first author, first for the cavi ty problem and then for the prolate spheroid problem. No definite conclusions about benchmark solutions can be drawn.
Over the last few decades, important progresses in the methods of sampling have been achieved. This book draws up an inventory of new methods that can be useful for selecting samples. Forty-six sampling methods are described in the framework of general theory. The algorithms are described rigorously, which allows implementing directly the described methods. This book is aimed at experienced statisticians who are familiar with the theory of survey sampling.
A much-needed reference on survey sampling and its applications that presents the latest advances in the field Seeking to show that sampling theory is a living discipline with a very broad scope, this book examines the modern development of the theory of survey sampling and the foundations of survey sampling. It offers readers a critical approach to the subject and discusses putting theory into practice. It also explores the treatment of non-sampling errors featuring a range of topics from the problems of coverage to the treatment of non-response. In addition, the book includes real examples, applications, and a large set of exercises with solutions. Sampling and Estimation from Finite Populations begins with a look at the history of survey sampling. It then offers chapters on: population, sample, and estimation; simple and systematic designs; stratification; sampling with unequal probabilities; balanced sampling; cluster and two-stage sampling; and other topics on sampling, such as spatial sampling, coordination in repeated surveys, and multiple survey frames. The book also includes sections on: post-stratification and calibration on marginal totals; calibration estimation; estimation of complex parameters; variance estimation by linearization; and much more. Provides an up-to-date review of the theory of sampling Discusses the foundation of inference in survey sampling, in particular, the model-based and design-based frameworks Reviews the problems of application of the theory into practice Also deals with the treatment of non sampling errors Sampling and Estimation from Finite Populations is an excellent book for methodologists and researchers in survey agencies and advanced undergraduate and graduate students in social science, statistics, and survey courses.
Whenweagreedtoshareallofourpreparationofexercisesinsamplingtheory to create a book, we were not aware of the scope of the work. It was indeed necessary to compose the information, type out the compilations, standardise the notations and correct the drafts. It is fortunate that we have not yet measured the importance of this project, for this work probably would never have been attempted! In making available this collection of exercises, we hope to promote the teaching of sampling theory for which we wanted to emphasise its diversity. The exercises are at times purely theoretical while others are originally from real problems, enabling us to approach the sensitive matter of passing from theory to practice that so enriches survey statistics. The exercises that we present were used as educational material at the École Nationale de la Statistique et de l’Analyse de l’Information (ENSAI), where we had successively taught sampling theory. We are not the authors of all the exercises. In fact, some of them are due to Jean-Claude Deville and Laurent Wilms. We thank them for allowing us to reproduce their exercises. It is also possible that certain exercises had been initially conceived by an author that we have not identi?ed. Beyondthe contribution of our colleagues, and in all cases, we do not consider ourselves to be the lone authors of these exercises:they actually form part of a common heritagefrom ENSAI that has been enriched and improved due to questions from students and the work of all the demonstrators of the sampling course at ENSAI.
The current status of the science and technology related to coatings, thin films and surface modifications produced by directed energy techniques is assessed in Materials Surface Processing by Directed Energy Techniques. The subject matter is divided into 20 chapters - each presented at a tutorial level – rich with fundamental science and experimental results. New trends and new results are also evoked to give an overview of future developments and applications. Provides a broad overview on modern coating and thin film deposition techniques, and their applications Presents and discusses various problems of physics and chemistry involved in the production, characterization and applications of coatings and thin films Each chapter includes experimental results illustrating various models, mechanisms or theories
One of the major challenges facing the world today is the interaction between demographic changes and development. Rather than the usual view that the population itself is the main problem, Population and Development Issues argues that it is just one factor among many others, such as poverty, illiteracy, poor health, unemployment, the condition of women and climate change. This book analyzes the relationships between the key demographic variables (fertility, morbidity and mortality, migration, etc.) and major development issues, notably education, employment, health, gender, social and geographical inequalities and climate concerns. Bringing together contributions from specialists across every field, it presents empirical data simply and clearly alongside theoretical reflections.
Pierre-Yves Pépin, born in the 1930s, is a geographer and a writer by trade. In the early 1980s, he travelled in the United States, Central and South America. Pépin drove a small truck and was known as Don Pedro. American Stories takes its roots in that journey.
Retrospective exhibition of twenty-five years of ... [Yves Saint Laurent's] work ... This book, published in connection with the exhibition, features over two hundred of Saint Laurent's couture designs, more than seventy in full color ... Also included is a fully illustrated survey of Saint Laurent's work photographed in black and white by Pierre Boulat and Nicholas Vreeland, supplemented by historically important photographs published in the fashion magazines of the era taken by such renowned photographers as Richard Avedon, Irving Penn, Bert Stern, Neal Barr, and Bill King"--Cover.
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