This book describes the development of two kinds of continuous-flow transformation using heterogeneous catalysts, and explains how they can be applied in the multistep synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients. It demonstrates and proves that fine chemicals can be synthesized under continuous-flow conditions using heterogeneous catalysis alone. Importantly, the book also proposes a general concept and strategy for achieving multistep flow synthesis and developing heterogeneous catalysts, and shows that commercially available anion exchange resin can be used as a water-tolerant strong base catalyst for various types of continuous-flow aldol-type reaction. Reviewing the state of the art in heterogeneous catalysis in flow chemistry – a “hot topic” and rapidly developing area of organic synthesis – the book will provide readers with a deeper understanding of fine chemical flow synthesis and its future prospects.
This thesis describes the essential features of Moon-plasma interactions with a particular emphasis on the Earth's magnetotail plasma regime from both observational and theoretical standpoints. The Moon lacks a dense atmosphere as well as a strong intrinsic magnetic field. As a result, its interactions with the ambient plasma are drastically different from solar-wind interactions with magnetized planets such as Earth. The Moon encounters a wide range of plasma regime from the relatively dense, cold, supersonic solar-wind plasma to the low-density, hot, subsonic plasma in the geomagnetic tail. In this book, the author presents a series of new observations from recent lunar missions (i.e., Kaguya, ARTEMIS, and Chandrayaan-1), demonstrating the importance of the electron gyro-scale dynamics, plasma of lunar origin, and hot plasma interactions with lunar magnetic anomalies. The similarity and difference between the Moon-plasma interactions in the geomagnetic tail and those in the solar wind are discussed throughout the thesis. The basic knowledge presented in this book can be applied to plasma interactions with airless bodies throughout the solar system and beyond.
his brand-new chapter fills in the gaps between The Ghost in the Shell: Human-Error Processor and Man-Machine Interface manga with a tense cyberpunk thriller written by Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex script writer Junichi Fujisaku. Just in time for the release of the new Ghost in the Shell: SAC_2045 anime on Netflix! Hackers attempt to assassinate a politician during a speech preaching the advantages of cybernetic prosthetics. Fortunately, Togusa is there to whisk her to safety, and the investigation leads Batou to a suspicious factory in the artificial islands in southern Japan. Meanwhile, Chief Aramaki hears of a disturbing discovery at the other end of the country: dozens of artificial bodies, illegally dumped near a village where an anti-cyberization sect conducts their training and “rites.” Among the empty shells is one formerly inhabited by the woman who embodied Section 9 until she left it behind and disappeared: Major Motoko Kusanagi…
This book provides readers the fundamentals of optical metrology for precision engineering. The next-generation measurement technologies based on ultrashort pulse laser and optical frequency comb are also presented, making it an essential reference book for various engineering fields. • Introduces fundamental theories and techniques • Combines theories with practical applications • Presents technologies in an easy-to-understand way
This collection of modern Japanese poetry presents carefully selected works for Western readers. The state of Japanese poetry in the twentieth century, its high quality and individuality is clearly shown in this book. The introduction gives a brief, lucid history of poetry in Japan, with the emphasis on modern poetry. The body of the book is taken up with the translation of the work of forty–nine widely acclaimed poets: free–verse poets, tanka poets, and haiku poets. At the back are notes giving illuminating biographical and literary information about each poet. The excellence of the translations and the lucidity of the introduction and notes make the book a treasure for poetry lovers everywhere. Poets include: Kotaro Takamura Yoshiaki Sasazawa Iku Takenaka Saburo Kuroda Shuntaro Tanikawa Mokichi Saito Kuniyo Takayasu Suju Takano Kiyoko Takayanagi
Ghrelin and the ghrelin receptor (GHSR1a) play a central role in growth hormone secretion, food intake, energy metabolism, and other important functions. This book summarizes the present situation of the GHSR1a gene polymorphisms and their genetic effects on growth and fatty acid component traits in domestic animals, humans and rodents. It highlights a unique molecular evolution of the GHSR1a gene among animal species, and its significant genetic and epistatic effects on carcass and fatty acid component traits in a sex-dependent fashion. The volume also shows the overdominance effect of the GHSR1a-DelR242 locus on growth and its molecular mechanisms and the central role of the bovine GHSR1a_5’UTR-(TG) repeat locus in growth and fatty acid component traits in cattle.
After hearing that the body of the presumed missing Major Kusanagi has turned up under mysterious circumstances, Section 9’s Togusa and Tsunagi take to the north to continue the search for answers. However, when their investigation into the involvement of the cultish Aterui community turns violent, the operation goes south fast as Tsunagi is taken by the shadowy and dangerous “White Bear.” Meanwhile, down south, Batou and Ishikawa end up in some hot water of their own with the Triads and their apparent involvement in the corrupt dealings of Osaki Heavy Industries…
Togusa and rookie operative Tsunagi of Section 9 have been sent north following reports that Major Kusanagi’s artificial body was seen in the city of Towada. Similar rumors send Batou and Ishikawa hundreds of miles south to infiltrate the ranks of a criminal organization in Okinawa. Over the course of both investigations, Section 9 learns that Hashikami and the killer known as the “White Bear” are plotting to assassinate Shinra Mikomoto, the recently elected mayor of New Port City. This news sends the scattered members of Section 9 swooping down on the city, where everything hinges on the mayor’s fate.
This book provides the dynamics of non-equilibrium dissipative systems with asymmetric interactions (Asymmetric Dissipative System; ADS). Asymmetric interaction breaks "the law of action and reaction" in mechanics, and results in non-conservation of the total momentum and energy. In such many-particle systems, the inflow of energy is provided and the energy flows out as dissipation. The emergences of non-trivial macroscopic phenomena occur in the non-equilibrium energy balance owing to the effect of collective motions as phase transitions and bifurcations. ADS are applied to the systems of self-driven interacting particles such as traffic and granular flows, pedestrians and evacuations, and collective movement of living systems. The fundamental aspects of dynamics in ADS are completely presented by a minimal mathematical model, the Optimal Velocity (OV) Model. Using that model, the basics of mathematical and physical mechanisms of ADS are described analytically with exact results. The application of 1-dimensional motions is presented for traffic jam formation. The mathematical theory is compared with empirical data of experiments and observations on highways. In 2-dimensional motion pattern formations of granular media, pedestrians, and group formations of organisms are described. The common characteristics of emerged moving objects are a variety of patterns, flexible deformations, and rapid response against stimulus. Self-organization and adaptation in group formations and control of group motions are shown in examples. Another OV Model formulated by a delay differential equation is provided with exact solutions using elliptic functions. The relations to soliton systems are described. Moreover, several topics in ADS are presented such as the similarity between the spatiotemporal patterns, violation of fluctuation dissipation relation, and a thermodynamic function for governing the phase transition in non-equilibrium stationary states.
Super Light Water Reactors and Super Fast Reactors provides an overview of the design and analysis of nuclear power reactors. Readers will gain the understanding of the conceptual design elements and specific analysis methods of supercritical-pressure light water cooled reactors. Nuclear fuel, reactor core, plant control, plant stand-up and stability are among the topics discussed, in addition to safety system and safety analysis parameters. Providing the fundamentals of reactor design criteria and analysis, this volume is a useful reference to engineers, industry professionals, and graduate students involved with nuclear engineering and energy technology.
This book provides a comprehensive overview of historical and international debates on the theory of “labor money” or “labor notes.” These debates exist in a triangular context of market socialism, communism (community-based socialism), and local currency, joining numerous socialists, anarchists, and Marx and Engels. Labor note theory encompasses theoretical, ideological, and practical doctrines aimed at designing a fair and desirable labor-based market or non-market economy by reforming the monetary and credit system. This theory was considered an unfeasible utopian idea in the context of orthodox Marxism, which is typically based on a historical study of surplus value doctrines. However, this book eschews Marx’s critique of “labor money” that limits the debate regarding a concrete alternative society, and instead proposes practical and gradual approaches to social reform by scrutinizing the primary sources of labor money theories and practical experiences and reconstructs their theoretical relationships.
In her book A World Otherwise: Environmental Praxis in Minamata, Yuki Miyamoto examines the struggles of those suffering from Minamata disease, eponymous with the Japanese city in which a Chisso factory released methylmercury into the Shiranui Sea, leading to widespread poisonings. Miyamoto explores Minamata sufferers’ struggles, examining their physical pains as well as the emotional plight of having lost their loved ones, their livelihood, and fellowship in communities, to the illness. Miyamoto’s analysis focuses on the philosophies and actions of a group, Hongan no kai, comprised of Minamata disease sufferers and their supporters in 1994. Relying on the group’s newsletter, “Tamashii utsure” (Transferring the spirit), this monograph explores the ways in which Hongan no kai members have come to terms with their experiences as well as their visions of “a world otherwise” (janaka shaba), where ontology, epistemology, and worldviews are construed differently from those of this modern world.
This book analyzes how women’s bodies became a subject and object of modern bio-power by examining the history of women’s reproductive health in Japan between the seventeenth century and the mid-twentieth century. Yuki Terazawa combines Foucauldian theory andfeminist ideas with in-depth historical research. She argues that central to the rise of bio-power and the colonization of people by this power was modern scientific taxonomies that classify people into categories of gender, race, nationality, class, age, disability, and disease. Whilediscussions of the roles played by the modern state are of critical importance to this project, significant attention is also paid to the increasing influences of male obstetricians and the parts that trained midwives and public health nurses played in the dissemination of modern powerafter the 1868 Meiji Restoration.
Bringing together two voices, practice and theory, in a collaboration that emerges from lived experience and structured reflection upon that experience, O’Mochain and Ueno show how entrenched discursive forces exert immense influence in Japanese society and how they might be most effectively challenged. With a psychosocial framework that draws insights from feminism, sociology, international studies, and political psychology, the authors pinpoint the motivations of the nativist right and reflect on the change of conditions that is necessary to end cultures of impunity for perpetrators of sexual abuse in Japan. Evaluating the value of the #MeToo model of activism, the authors offer insights that will encourage victims to come out of the shadows, pursue justice, and help transform Japan’s sense of identity both at home and abroad. Ueno, a female Japanese educator and O’Mochain, a non-Japanese male academic, examine the nature of sexual abuse problems both in educational contexts and in society at large through the use of surveys, interviews, and engagement with an eclectic range of academic literature. They identify the groups within society who offer the least support for women who pursue justice against perpetrators of sexual abuse. They also ask if far-right ideological extremists are fixated with proving that so called “comfort women” are higaisha-buru or “fake victims.” Japan would have much to gain on the international stage were it to fully acknowledge historical crimes of sexual violence, yet it continues to refuse to do so. O’Mochain and Ueno shed light on this puzzling refusal through recourse to the concepts of ‘international status anxiety’ and ‘male hysteria.’ An insightful read for scholars of Japanese society, especially those concerned about its treatment of women.
Vintage clothing lover Caro decides she wants an ordinary life with an ordinary man after a failed relationship with an upperclass, cheating fiance. But it's terribly difficult to be ordinary when you're friends with a princess! Caro is offered the chance of a lifetime: swap lives with her good friend Princess Lotty of Montluce! The catch? She needs to play the girlfriend to Lotty's unwilling fiance, Prince Philippe. Lotty and Philippe have dreams of their own and marriage to each other isn't in cards, but not if Dowager Blanche, Lotty's grandmother, has anything to say about it! Swapping lives sounds all well and good, however if Caro and Philippe can't play a convincing couple, it's over! Philippe is as far from ordinary as he can get?not exactly Caro's type. Can an eccentric fashion fan and a pompous prince pull it off in this dramedy of romantic deceptions? What happens when they both start to believe the lie?
This book covers the fundamental aspects of the electrochemistry and redox enzymes that underlie enzymatic bioelectrocatalysis, in which a redox enzyme reaction is coupled with an electrode reaction. Described here are the basic concept and theoretical aspects of bioelectrocatalysis and the various experimental techniques and materials used to study and characterize related problems. Also included are the various applications of bioelectrocatalysis to bioelectrochemical devices including biosensors, biofuel cells, and bioreactors. This book is a unique source of information in the area of enzymatic bioelectrocatalysis, approaching the subject from a cross-disciplinary point of view.
This is the first in-depth study of the early trial-and-error experiences of contracting between Japanese and western merchants trading in the Japanese Treaty Ports in the eighteen year period immediately following the opening of the ports in 1859. Fundamental to the equation were the inevitable east-west cultural and legal ambiguities that impacted on the traders. The learning curve for both westerners and Japanese regarding the nature and application of western contracting law was predictably difficult, tortuous and open to constant misunderstanding. Nevertheless, it was within such a framework that the principal benchmarks for trade with Japan were set down and which, in essence, have lasted to the present day.
Kohei Sugihara, a college student with hearing loss, and Taichi Sagawa, his ever-optimistic former classmate, met in a chance encounter that ignited an undeniable spark that would eventually blossom into love. Summer has at last arrived, but Kohei’s job search is sapping all his free time. Taichi, now a working professional, is struggling with his role as a mentor to the office’s new hire. And life only grows more complicated when Taichi receives a sudden phone call from his estranged father.
Bombing Civilians examines a crucial question: why did military planning in the early twentieth century shift its focus from bombing military targets to bombing civilians? From the British bombing of Iraq in the early 1920s to the most recent policies in Kosovo, Afghanistan, Iraq, and Lebanon, Bombing Civilians analyzes in detail the history of indiscriminate bombing, examining the fundamental questions of how this theory justifying mass killing originated and why it was employed as a compelling military strategy for decades, both before and since the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
The most insane creatures in the nine planes of heaven and nine planes of hell are all telling messed-up teenager, Setsuna that he is the reincarnation of an angel. That wouldn't be so bad except that some of these beings are trying to kill him, and others want him to lead them in a revolt against God! All Setsuna wants to do is keep a sister he loves away from the dangerous creatures who are trying to harm her. Unfortunately some of the worst harm can come from Setsuna's love, which threatens to bloom into full-blown incest! How can Setsuna protect his sister from himself?! -- VIZ Media
Electronic state of every solid is basically classified into two categories according to its electrical responses: insulator or metal. A textbook of modern solid state physics explains that shape of a Fermi surface plays a key role in most physical properties in metals. One of the well-established experimental methods to detect a Fermi surface is measurement of quantum oscillations that is a periodic response of physical quantities with respect to external magnetic fields. As insulators do not host Fermi surface, it is believed that they do not exhibit any quantum oscillations. This book presents a comprehensive review of recent observations of quantum oscillations in the Kondo insulators, SmB6 and YbB12, and discusses how the observations are demonstrated by a newly proposed mechanism where emergent charge-neutral fermions exhibit quantum oscillations instead of bare electrons. It also focuses on topological properties of Kondo insulators, and demonstrates that YbB12 hosts a surface metallic conduction owing to its non-trivial band structure. Further it presents the experiments of specific heat and thermal conductivity in YbB12 down to ultra-low temperature to discuss the possible low-energy excitations from a Fermi surface of neutral fermions. The demonstrated gapless and itinerant fermionic excitations, that is the significant contribution from charge neutral fermions, violates Wiedemann-Franz law. The discoveries point out a highly unconventional phase of quantum state—electrically insulating but thermally metallic—realized in the bulk of topological Kondo insulators.
This book describes the development of two kinds of continuous-flow transformation using heterogeneous catalysts, and explains how they can be applied in the multistep synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients. It demonstrates and proves that fine chemicals can be synthesized under continuous-flow conditions using heterogeneous catalysis alone. Importantly, the book also proposes a general concept and strategy for achieving multistep flow synthesis and developing heterogeneous catalysts, and shows that commercially available anion exchange resin can be used as a water-tolerant strong base catalyst for various types of continuous-flow aldol-type reaction. Reviewing the state of the art in heterogeneous catalysis in flow chemistry – a “hot topic” and rapidly developing area of organic synthesis – the book will provide readers with a deeper understanding of fine chemical flow synthesis and its future prospects.
This collection of modern Japanese poetry presents carefully selected works for Western readers. The state of Japanese poetry in the twentieth century, its high quality and individuality is clearly shown in this book. The introduction gives a brief, lucid history of poetry in Japan, with the emphasis on modern poetry. The body of the book is taken up with the translation of the work of forty–nine widely acclaimed poets: free–verse poets, tanka poets, and haiku poets. At the back are notes giving illuminating biographical and literary information about each poet. The excellence of the translations and the lucidity of the introduction and notes make the book a treasure for poetry lovers everywhere. Poets include: Kotaro Takamura Yoshiaki Sasazawa Iku Takenaka Saburo Kuroda Shuntaro Tanikawa Mokichi Saito Kuniyo Takayasu Suju Takano Kiyoko Takayanagi
After hearing that the body of the presumed missing Major Kusanagi has turned up under mysterious circumstances, Section 9’s Togusa and Tsunagi take to the north to continue the search for answers. However, when their investigation into the involvement of the cultish Aterui community turns violent, the operation goes south fast as Tsunagi is taken by the shadowy and dangerous “White Bear.” Meanwhile, down south, Batou and Ishikawa end up in some hot water of their own with the Triads and their apparent involvement in the corrupt dealings of Osaki Heavy Industries…
his brand-new chapter fills in the gaps between The Ghost in the Shell: Human-Error Processor and Man-Machine Interface manga with a tense cyberpunk thriller written by Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex script writer Junichi Fujisaku. Just in time for the release of the new Ghost in the Shell: SAC_2045 anime on Netflix! Hackers attempt to assassinate a politician during a speech preaching the advantages of cybernetic prosthetics. Fortunately, Togusa is there to whisk her to safety, and the investigation leads Batou to a suspicious factory in the artificial islands in southern Japan. Meanwhile, Chief Aramaki hears of a disturbing discovery at the other end of the country: dozens of artificial bodies, illegally dumped near a village where an anti-cyberization sect conducts their training and “rites.” Among the empty shells is one formerly inhabited by the woman who embodied Section 9 until she left it behind and disappeared: Major Motoko Kusanagi…
This thesis describes the essential features of Moon-plasma interactions with a particular emphasis on the Earth's magnetotail plasma regime from both observational and theoretical standpoints. The Moon lacks a dense atmosphere as well as a strong intrinsic magnetic field. As a result, its interactions with the ambient plasma are drastically different from solar-wind interactions with magnetized planets such as Earth. The Moon encounters a wide range of plasma regime from the relatively dense, cold, supersonic solar-wind plasma to the low-density, hot, subsonic plasma in the geomagnetic tail. In this book, the author presents a series of new observations from recent lunar missions (i.e., Kaguya, ARTEMIS, and Chandrayaan-1), demonstrating the importance of the electron gyro-scale dynamics, plasma of lunar origin, and hot plasma interactions with lunar magnetic anomalies. The similarity and difference between the Moon-plasma interactions in the geomagnetic tail and those in the solar wind are discussed throughout the thesis. The basic knowledge presented in this book can be applied to plasma interactions with airless bodies throughout the solar system and beyond.
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