This book introduces important results and techniques in property testing, where the goal is to design algorithms that decide whether their input satisfies a predetermined property in sublinear time, or even in constant time – that is, time is independent of the input size. This book consists of three parts. The first part provides an introduction to the foundations of property testing. The second part studies the testing of specific properties on strings, graphs, functions, and constraint satisfaction problems. Vectors and matrices over real numbers are also covered. The third part is more advanced and explains general conditions, including full characterizations, under which properties are constant-query testable. The first and second parts of the book are intended for first-year graduate students in computer science. They should also be accessible to undergraduate students with the adequate background. The third part can be used by researchers or ambitious graduate students who want to gain a deeper theoretical understanding of property testing.
This book introduces important results and techniques in property testing, where the goal is to design algorithms that decide whether their input satisfies a predetermined property in sublinear time, or even in constant time – that is, time is independent of the input size. This book consists of three parts. The first part provides an introduction to the foundations of property testing. The second part studies the testing of specific properties on strings, graphs, functions, and constraint satisfaction problems. Vectors and matrices over real numbers are also covered. The third part is more advanced and explains general conditions, including full characterizations, under which properties are constant-query testable. The first and second parts of the book are intended for first-year graduate students in computer science. They should also be accessible to undergraduate students with the adequate background. The third part can be used by researchers or ambitious graduate students who want to gain a deeper theoretical understanding of property testing.
Describes and discusses the variants of kernel analysismethods for data types that have been intensely studied in recentyears This book covers kernel analysis topics ranging from thefundamental theory of kernel functions to its applications. Thebook surveys the current status, popular trends, and developmentsin kernel analysis studies. The author discusses multiple kernellearning algorithms and how to choose the appropriate kernelsduring the learning phase. Data-Variant Kernel Analysis is anew pattern analysis framework for different types of dataconfigurations. The chapters include data formations of offline,distributed, online, cloud, and longitudinal data, used for kernelanalysis to classify and predict future state. Data-Variant Kernel Analysis: Surveys the kernel analysis in the traditionally developedmachine learning techniques, such as Neural Networks (NN), SupportVector Machines (SVM), and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Develops group kernel analysis with the distributed databasesto compare speed and memory usages Explores the possibility of real-time processes by synthesizingoffline and online databases Applies the assembled databases to compare cloud computingenvironments Examines the prediction of longitudinal data withtime-sequential configurations Data-Variant Kernel Analysis is a detailed reference forgraduate students as well as electrical and computer engineersinterested in pattern analysis and its application in colon cancerdetection.
Democratic leaders around the world are finding it increasingly difficult to exercise strong leadership and maintain public support. However, there is nowhere that this has proven to be as challenging of a task as Japan, which has seen its top leaders change more often over the past 25 years than any other major country in the world. The current prime minister has strived to put an end to this pattern, but can he buck this historical trend? More fundamentally, why do Japan's prime ministers find it so difficult to project strong leadership, or even stay in office? And what are the ramifications for Japan's partners and for the world? This volume, authored by contributors who straddle the scholarly and policymaking worlds in Japan, explores the obstacles facing Japan as it looks for greater leadership and explains why this matters for the rest of the world.
East meets West as one of the most talented British Sherlockian scholars, John Hall and a Japanese member of the Baker Street Irregulars, Hirayama Yuichi argue important Sherlockian questions. One offers the other three questions, and the other answers them with all their Sherlockian knowledge. They are serious Sherlockian battles between an English Knight and Japanese samurai! This volume also includes Hirayama's Sherlockian papers published in The Musgraves, The Baker Street Journal, The Canadian Holmes and The Shoso-in Bulletin.
Strain Hardening Cement Composites, SHCC hereafter, demonstrate excellent mechanical behavior showing tensile strain hardening and multiple fine cracks. This strain hardening behavior improves the durability of concrete structures employing SHCC and the multiple fine cracks enhance structural performance. Reliable tensile performance of SHCC enables us to design structures explicitly accounting for SHCC’s tensile properties. Reinforced SHCC elements (R/SHCC) indicate large energy absorbing performance under large seismic excitation. Against various types of loads, R/SHCC elements can be designed by superimposing re-bar performance and SHCC’s tensile performance. This report focuses on flexural design, shear design, FE modeling and anti-seismic design of R/SHCC elements as well as application examples. Establishing design methods for new materials usually leads to exploring application areas and this trend should be demonstrated by collecting actual application examples of SHCC in structures.
Human Modelling for Bio-inspired Robotics: Mechanical Engineering in Assistive Technologies presents the most cutting-edge research outcomes in the area of mechanical and control aspects of human functions for macro-scale (human size) applications. Intended to provide researchers both in academia and industry with key content on which to base their developments, this book is organized and written by senior experts in their fields. Human Modeling for Bio-Inspired Robotics: Mechanical Engineering in Assistive Technologies offers a system-level investigation into human mechanisms that inspire the development of assistive technologies and humanoid robotics, including topics in modelling of anatomical, musculoskeletal, neural and cognitive systems, as well as motor skills, adaptation and integration. Each chapter is written by a subject expert and discusses its background, research challenges, key outcomes, application, and future trends. This book will be especially useful for academic and industry researchers in this exciting field, as well as graduate-level students to bring them up to speed with the latest technology in mechanical design and control aspects of the area. Previous knowledge of the fundamentals of kinematics, dynamics, control, and signal processing is assumed. Presents the most recent research outcomes in the area of mechanical and control aspects of human functions for macro-scale (human size) applications Covers background information and fundamental concepts of human modelling Includes modelling of anatomical, musculoskeletal, neural and cognitive systems, as well as motor skills, adaptation, integration, and safety issues Assumes previous knowledge of the fundamentals of kinematics, dynamics, control, and signal processing
Hayabusa2 Asteroid Sample Return Mission: Technological Innovation and Advances covers the second Japanese asteroid sample return mission. The purpose of the mission is to survey the asteroid Ryugu’s surface features, touch down on the asteroid, form an artificial crater by shooting an impactor, and collect sample materials. This book covers these operations, along with everything known about key technologies, hardware and ground systems upon Hayabusa2’s return to Earth in 2020. This book is the definitive reference on the mission and provides space and planetary scientists with information on established technologies to further advance the knowledge and technologies in future space exploration missions. 2023 PROSE Awards - Winner: Finalist: Chemistry, Physics, Astronomy, and Cosmology: Association of American Publishers Broadly and comprehensively covers technologies necessary for space exploration missions Provides a unique focus on small body exploration missions Covers landing and impact experiments during the proximity operations of Hayabusa2
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans raised under standard conditions shows chemotaxis to salts such as NaCl. However, after exposure to the salt under starved conditions, these animals learn to avoid salt. This plasticity, here called salt chemotaxis learning, is very robust and therefore has been intensively studied. It was found that the insulin/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway has a pivotal role in salt chemotaxis learning, and the salt-sensing neuron ASER is the target of insulin action. A decrease in synaptic output of the ASER sensory neuron was suggested to underlie changes in sensory processing caused by learning. In addition, other sensory neurons and interneurons are also involved in this form of learning. These findings at the molecular and neuronal levels are discussed in this chapter.
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