This study re-examines some of the issues, challenges and policy options facing the Singapore economy in the light of the 1985–86 recession. Particular attention is paid towards reappraising the role of the government as an entrepreneur in economic activity, in macro-economic management, in savings and investment, and in the labour market. This is done in the context of and alongside an assessment of Singapore’s linkages with the global economy and its future comparative advantage in a dynamic international environment.
Singapore's transformation from a trading post to an Asian Miracle is now familiar. However, in characteristic refusal to sit on its laurels, the island republic is re-engineering its fundamentals for the future. This is a specially commissioned book to explore and analyse new directions and new solutions to cope with the new realities facing both Singapore and the region. The insights offered are of special significance as the contributors range from leading figures in government and key researchers in the universities and policy institutes.
This study re-examines some of the issues, challenges and policy options facing the Singapore economy in the light of the 1985–86 recession. Particular attention is paid towards reappraising the role of the government as an entrepreneur in economic activity, in macro-economic management, in savings and investment, and in the labour market. This is done in the context of and alongside an assessment of Singapore’s linkages with the global economy and its future comparative advantage in a dynamic international environment.
To physicists and chemists, color means light—emission, absorption, spectrum, and coloration. Near-Infrared Organic Materials and Emerging Applications presents knowledge and applications of invisible "colored" organic materials. Near-infrared (NIR) materials are defined as substances that interact with NIR light, namely, absorption and reflection, and emit NIR light upon stimulation, for example, photoexcitation, electric field, and chemical reaction. This book offers up-to-date information on low band-gap organic materials with unique near-infrared absorbing, fluorescent, and photovoltaic properties for various emerging applications. The author emphasizes the chemistry of materials, in particular the structure–property relationship of near-infrared organic compounds and polymers. The text discusses the molecular design aspect of NIR materials, including effects of conjugation length and donor–acceptor charge transfer. Chapters also cover information on the structures and key properties of NIR organic compounds, such as those containing rylene, polymethine, and metal-complex chromophores, as well as polymers, including nonconjugated NIR-absorbing, conjugated dye-containing, and donor–acceptor conjugated polymers. The final chapter describes emerging applications of NIR organic materials based on absorbing, chromogenic, photosensitizing, photovoltaic, and fluorescent properties, as well as applications of low band-gap compounds and polymers in ambipolar organic transistors. Presenting useful data and thought-provoking ideas, this book provides a practical reference on optical properties and structures of NIR organic materials and their design principles and applications.
Though there have been significant advances in the theory and applications of linear time-invariant systems, developments regarding repetitive control have been sporadic. At the same time, there is a dearth of literature on repetitive control (RC) for nonlinear systems. Addressing that gap, this book discusses a range of basic methods for solving RC problems in nonlinear systems, including two commonly used methods and three original ones. Providing valuable tools for researchers working on the development of repetitive control, these new and fundamental methods are one of the major features of the book, which will benefit researchers, engineers, and graduate students in e.g. the field of control theory.
The subject of this book is CMOS RF circuit design for reliability. The device reliability and process variation issues on RF transmitter and receiver circuits will be particular interest to the readers in the field of semiconductor devices and circuits. This proposed book is unique to explore typical reliability issues in the device and technology level and then to examine their impact on RF wireless transceiver circuit performance. Analytical equations, experimental data, device and circuit simulation results will be given for clear explanation. The main benefit the reader derive from this book will be clear understanding on how device reliability issues affects the RF circuit performance subjected to operation aging and process variations.
Metal-air batteries (MABs) have attracted attention because of their high specific energy, low cost, and safety features. This book discusses science and technology including material selection, synthesis, characterization, and their applications in MABs. It comprehensively describes various composite bifunctional electrocatalysts, corrosion/oxidation of carbon-containing air cathode catalysts, and how improvements can be achieved in the catalytic activities of oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction and their durability/stability. This book also analyzes, compares, and discusses composite bifunctional electrocatalysts in the applications of MABs, matching the fast information of commercial MABs in requirements. Aimed at researchers and industry professionals, this comprehensive work provides readers with an appreciation for what bifunctional composite electrocatalysts are capable of, how this field has grown in the past decades, and how bifunctional composite electrocatalysts can significantly improve the performance of MABs. It also offers suggestions for future research directions to overcome technical challenges and further facilitate research and development in this important area.
Would you like to add the capabilities of the Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) as a storage element in your silicon integrated logic circuits, and as a trimming sector in your high voltage driver and other silicon integrated analog circuits? Would you like to learn how to embed the NVM into your silicon integrated circuit products to improve their performance? This book is written to help you. It provides comprehensive instructions on fabricating the NVM using the same processes you are using to fabricate your logic integrated circuits. We at our eMemory company call this technology the embedded Logic NVM. Because embedded Logic NVM has simple fabrication processes, it has replaced the conventional NVM in many traditional and new applications, including LCD driver, LED driver, MEMS controller, touch panel controller, power management unit, ambient and motion sensor controller, micro controller unit (MCU), security ID setting tag, RFID, NFC, PC camera controller, keyboard controller, and mouse controller. The recent explosive growth of the Logic NVM indicates that it will soon dominate all NVM applications. The embedded Logic NVM was invented and has been implemented in users' applications by the 200+ employees of our eMemory company, who are also the authors and author-assistants of this book. This book covers the following Logic NVM products: One Time Programmable (OTP) memory, Multiple Times Programmable (MTP) memory, Flash memory, and Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM). The fundamentals of the NVM are described in this book, which include: the physics and operations of the memory transistors, the basic building block of the memory cells and the access circuits. All of these products have been used continuously by the industry worldwide. In-depth readers can attain expert proficiency in the implementation of the embedded Logic NVM technology in their products.
Health Neuroscience is a new interdisciplinary field encompassing research from cognitive, affective, and social neuroscience, health psychology, physical and mental health, and science of behavior change. This new field addresses the longstanding gap among neuroscience, health and behavior change within the context of health promotion. Fundamentals of Health Neuroscience explores key topics and research, including basic principles, psychological and neural processes, brain and body interaction, and gene x brain x environment interactions. This book will also cover prevention and intervention strategies for health decisions and promotion across the lifespan. Chapters will integrate the latest research findings and explore several key topics, such as: How does the brain serve both as a predictor and an outcome of health? How can people improve self-control and achieve physical and mental health? What does brain plasticity and resilience tell us about learning and development throughout our life? How is the sense of meaning in life affected by dopamine and reward systems in the brain? • Introduces a new interdisciplinary field of Health Neuroscience including its basic and translational research and applications • Reviews current research on biomarkers of brain health and aging • Discusses brain-body connection and health behavior change
This book presents the necessary and essential backgrounds of fuzzy set theory and linear programming, particularly a broad range of common Fuzzy Linear Programming (FLP) models and related, convenient solution techniques. These models and methods belong to three common classes of fuzzy linear programming, namely: (i) FLP problems in which all coefficients are fuzzy numbers, (ii) FLP problems in which the right-hand-side vectors and the decision variables are fuzzy numbers, and (iii) FLP problems in which the cost coefficients, the right-hand-side vectors and the decision variables are fuzzy numbers. The book essentially generalizes the well-known solution algorithms used in linear programming to the fuzzy environment. Accordingly, it can be used not only as a textbook, teaching material or reference book for undergraduate and graduate students in courses on applied mathematics, computer science, management science, industrial engineering, artificial intelligence, fuzzy information processes, and operations research, but can also serve as a reference book for researchers in these fields, especially those engaged in optimization and soft computing. For textbook purposes, it also includes simple and illustrative examples to help readers who are new to the field.
Bioengineering is attracting many high quality students. This invaluable book has been written for beginning students of bioengineering, and is aimed at instilling a sense of engineering in them.Engineering is invention and designing things that do not exist in nature for the benefit of humanity. Invention can be taught by making inventive thinking a conscious part of our daily life. This is the approach taken by the authors of this book. Each author discusses an ongoing project, and gives a sample of a professional publication. Students are asked to work through a sequence of assignments and write a report. Almost everybody soon realizes that more scientific knowledge is needed, and a strong motivation for the study of science is generated. The teaching of inventive thinking is a new trend in engineering education. Bioengineering is a good field with which to begin this revolution in engineering education, because it is a youthful, developing interdisciplinary field.
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