The work presented is focused on the electro-optical properties of III-V nanowire array solar cells. We begin with a study of the modal and material dispersion in a singlediameter nanowire array. A dual- diameter nanowire array structure is then proposed as a broadband absorber and a solar spectrum divider. Next, a microscopic carrier transport model is adopted to further study the internal device physics. Nanowire array solar cells with both axially and radially arranged p-n junction were studied in terms of the currentvoltage relationship, cell efficiency, and the response to the surface recombination with the inclusion of active region analysis. The optical properties of a nanowire array are evaluated by solving Maxwell’s equations. In the carrier transport model, the continuity equations are solved along with the Poisson’s equation. Recombination mechanisms include the radiative recombination, Shockley-Read-Hall recombination, Auger recombination, and the surface recombination.
The eighteenth-century Hongloumeng, known in English as Dream of the Red Chamber or The Story of the Stone, is generally considered to be the greatest of Chinese novels--one that masterfully blends realism and romance, psychological motivation and fate, daily life and mythical occurrences, as it narrates the decline of a powerful Chinese family. In this path-breaking study, Anthony Yu goes beyond the customary view of Hongloumeng as a vivid reflection of late imperial Chinese culture by examining the novel as a story about fictive representation. Through a maze of literary devices, the novel challenges the authority of history as well as referential biases in reading. At the heart of Hongloumeng, Yu argues, is the narration of desire. Desire appears in this tale as the defining trait and problem of human beings and at the same time shapes the novel's literary invention and effect. According to Yu, this focalizing treatment of desire may well be Hongloumeng's most distinctive accomplishment. Through close readings of selected episodes, Yu analyzes principal motifs of the narrative, such as dream, mirror, literature, religious enlightenment, and rhetorical reflexivity in relation to fictive representation. He contextualizes his discussions with a comprehensive genealogy of qing--desire, disposition, sentiment, feeling--a concept of fundamental importance in historical Chinese culture, and shows how the text ingeniously exploits its multiple meanings. Spanning a wide range of comparative literary sources, Yu creates a new conceptual framework in which to reevaluate this masterpiece.
This book pays critical homage to the eminent comparatist of Chinese and Western literature and religion, Anthony C. Yu of The University of Chicago. Broadly comparative, cross-cultural, and interdisciplinary in scope, the volume consists of an introductory essay on Yu's scholarly career, and thirteen additional essays on topics such as literary texts and traditions of varying provenance and periods, ranging from ancient Greece, medieval Europe, and nineteenth- and twentieth-century England and America, to China from the classical to modern periods. The disciplines and areas of research that the essays draw into constructive engagement with one another include comparative literature, religion and literature, history of religions, (or comparative religion), religion and social thought, and the study of myth. Eric Ziolkowski is Professor and Head of the Department of Religious Studies at Lafayette College.
This book is part of a series which makes available to English-speaking audiences the work of the individual Chinese economists who were the architects of China’s economic reform. The series provides an inside view of China’s economic reform, revealing the thinking of the reformers themselves, unlike many other books on China’s economic reform which are written by outside observers. Yu Guangyuan (1915-) is a famous Chinese philosopher and economist. A member of the Chinese Communist Party from 1937, he has made significant contributions in the fields of Marxist theory and in state planning. He was head of the Political Research Office of the State Council from 1975 and the first director of the Economic Research Institute of the State Planning Commission. He has held many other important posts, and was editor-in-chief of the "Dictionary of Economics". The book is published in association with China Development Research Foundation, one of the leading economic and social think tanks in China, where many of the theoretical foundations and policy details of economic reform were formulated.
The twenty-first century has not only seen China become one of the world’s largest trading nations, but also its gradual integration into the global financial system. Chinese-sponsored project financing schemes, such as the Belt-and-Road Initiative and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, and the expanding international footprint of the renminbi, have raised the specter of Beijing shaping established market rules and practices with its financial firepower. These dramatic developments beyond the "Great Wall of Money" have overshadowed the equally remarkable opening of China’s domestic capital markets. These include initiatives that make cross-border equity trade and investment easier; attempts to internationalize exclusively domestic-oriented equity markets; and creation of the first offshore renminbi hub in Hong Kong, paving the way for the "big bang" of renminbi use worldwide. Li interrogates the domestic political dynamics underlying the dizzying switches between liberalization and restriction. This book argues that the interplay between the pro-opening coalitions and dissenting parties has been central to the policymaking process. Financial opening has not only been driven by central bureaucratic actors, but also by financial industry interests and the local authorities of financial centers acting in concert as coalitions. The local and financial constituents have shaped policy agendas and priorities, and defined and framed liberalizing initiatives in ways that appealed to bureaucratic entities. They also sought wider political support by capitalizing on connections with top decision-making elites. To allay opposition and maintain political and technical consensus, the coalition constituents have offered concessions to dissenting parties over implementation specifics. This, however, has not always succeeded. Dissenting parties who recognized adverse distributional and policy risk implications inherent in the opening initiatives might decline concessionary offers, leading to policy tendencies other than opening. As one of the very first political economy contributions to studies of China’s financial opening from the 2000s, this book will appeal to researchers of international political economy, East Asia and China specialists, and financial practitioners and policymakers wanting to make sense of the country’s liberalizing logic.
The harshness of the modern Communist regime has far exceeded that of all past despots, as the PRC’s founder Mao Zedong openly acknowledged: “What was Emperor Qin Shi Huang? He only buried 460 scholars, but we buried 46,000. During the suppression of counter-revolutionaries, didn’t we kill some counterrevolutionary intellectuals? I’ve discussed this with pro-democracy advocates: ‘You call us Qin Shi Huang as an insult, but we’ve surpassed Qin Shi Huang a hundred-fold.’ Some people curse us as dictators like Qin Shi Huang. We must categorically accept this as factually accurate. Unfortunately, you haven’t said enough and leave it to us to say the rest”. In fact, the number of writers killed under CPC rule far exceeds 46,000, and the number imprisoned is incalculable. This volume collects 64 cases occurring from 1947 to 2010, with one emblematic case for each year, but these represent just the tip of the iceberg. The CPC has officially acknowledged that 550,000 people were labeled “Rightists” from 1957 to 1959, mostly through various types of literary inquisition, making the 130-plus cases of the Qianlong period pale in comparison. This volume describes the cases of 12 “Rightist” victims – Sun Mingxun, Feng Xuefeng, Lin Xiling, Ding Ling, Ai Qing, Lin Zhao, Wang Ruowang, Wang Zaoshi, Chen Fengxiao, Yuan Changying, Nie Gannu and Liu Binyan, obviously only a minute proportion. In the single case of the “anti-Party” novel Liu Zhidan, more than 10,000 people were persecuted, the most wide-ranging literary inquisition in Chinese history. In the case of Wang Shenyou’s love letter, Wang ripped up the letter before sending it, but he was forced to rewrite it and was then executed for his “unspoken criticism”. A multitude of such cases demonstrates that literary inquisition has reached its fullest flowering under CPC rule.
This book is the first socio-intellectual history of the Dharma Drum Lineage of Chan (Zen), a new lineage of Buddhism founded by the late Chinese Buddhist cleric, Sheng Yen (1931–2009)—arguably one of the most influential Chan masters in contemporary times. The book challenges the received academic and popular image of Chan Buddhism as a meditation school that bypasses scriptural learning. Using Sheng Yen’s doctrinal classification (Chn. panjiao) chart as an example, the book shows Sheng Yen’s Chan as a synthesis of both Indian and Chinese premodern forms of Buddhism, and as the summum bonum of Han transmission of Chinese Buddhism (Chn. Hanchuan fojiao). The book demonstrates how Sheng Yen’s presentation of Chan was intimately related to the volatile social and political realities of his life—the Communist takeover of China and the subsequent industrial boom that impacted Taiwanese society. In short, this book presents a historically and culturally embodied approach to the formation of Buddhist doctrine and practice. Drawing on the works of postcolonial theories that integrate the role of the researcher into the research, the book also offers a more integrated approach between emic and etic, insider and outsider perspectives to research. Advancing the field of Buddhist studies, the book will be of interest to scholars of Buddhism in the modern period, twentieth-century religious history of China and Taiwan, Chan/Zen studies, World Religions, Asian civilizations, and Modern Biographies.
The three volume set LNCS 5551/5552/5553 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Neural Networks, ISNN 2009, held in Wuhan, China in May 2009. The 409 revised papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 1.235 submissions. The papers are organized in 20 topical sections on theoretical analysis, stability, time-delay neural networks, machine learning, neural modeling, decision making systems, fuzzy systems and fuzzy neural networks, support vector machines and kernel methods, genetic algorithms, clustering and classification, pattern recognition, intelligent control, optimization, robotics, image processing, signal processing, biomedical applications, fault diagnosis, telecommunication, sensor network and transportation systems, as well as applications.
Following a trajectory of high growth, China and India face a common challenge of achievingan environmentally benign pattern of development owing to growing global issues like climatechange, land degradation, and biodiversity loss. In wake of the above, the China Council forInternational Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED) and the India Councilfor Sustainable Development (ICSD) commissioned a joint-study, to be conducted by ChineseAcademy of Environmental Planning (CAEP) and The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI).Thisbook is the outcome of the study and understands the environment and development paradigmsfor both India and China, identifies key issues, and draws commonalities, differences, and lessonsthat can be learnt.
Bu Heng had never seen such an eye before. It was so attractive that she couldn't tear her eyes away from it. It was a pair of ... Green eyes! No, it was a green eye! The other was grayish brown. The colors were not the same, but they were all sparkling and translucent!
This book offers essential insights into Chinese Korean minority youth citizenship identity development during their high school and university education period out of their political socialization experience. It investigates how they develop their citizenship identity with the state through bilingual education and media exposure, as an outcome of the entangled relationship between state power and economic globalization. The book demonstrates to readers how to apply the abstract conceptual framework of identity politics and ideology construction, nurtured by both civil culture and political evolvement, to a specific case with operationalized measurement extracted from political socialization concepts so as to understand and rationalize identity development. This approach offers both an in-depth way to penetrate further in the discourse construction that shapes identity politics and an innovative means of measuring and explaining relevant relationships.
This book traces the origin and evolvement of two Chinese characters “wenxue”(literature) by using the methods of conceptual history and historical and cultural semantics, and by taking the evolution and changes of the concept of the these two characters and their interpretations in the west as a window, and re-examining the contemporary morphology of concept evolution in the historical context of concept generation and development to discover the historical and cultural connotations hidden behind the characters, so as to embark on a vivid journey to explore the history of literary thought, discipline and culture. The entire book is woven with the concept of “literature” at its core. Following the author's analysis and interpretation, an interlocking and orderly network of description of ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign unfolds. In this context, the chapters are progressive and mutually responsive, forming an organic whole which is connected at the beginning and the end. For those readers who are trying to understand how Chinese “wenxue” evolved from one of the “four disciplines of Confucius” into a modern discipline and concept, this book will provide the most detailed, in-depth, and vivid historical picture.
This volume examines the Chinese foreign policy framework today and traces its evolution since the post-Mao era. Through the consideration of China's relations with the major powers and its management of various challenges ranging from territorial disputes to energy security, it investigates China's pursuit of major power status and influence in peaceful international scenarios.The author critically analyzes China's foreign policy from Chinese leaders' evolving worldview of the changing international environment. As China emerges as a major power and the second largest economy in the world, anyone interested in international politics and scenarios as well as China's foreign policy needs a basic, insightful reference book like this.
Mao Zedong once famously said, “Power grows from the barrel of a gun,” and a prime example is the People’s Liberation Army (PLA). With the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the PLA’s mandate extended beyond safeguarding national security to maintaining domestic order and keeping the Chinese Communist Party in power. In the 1960s and 1970s, the PLA was Mao’s chief instrument in preparing, launching and further developing the Cultural Revolution, but its role was complex and often opaque. Through the Storm meticulously traces the PLA’s role through archival research and interviews with retired cadres and officers to show that the military’s role in the Cultural Revolution has been historically understated, and that it eclipsed that of the more high-profile civilian Red Guards in both scale and duration. With its Chinese edition hailed in media and academia as an “exceptionally valuable” achievement, this book’s condensed English edition offers international readers a deeper understanding of the PLA’s role in launching and perpetuating the most sustained and violent campaign in modern Chinese history
This book examines literary representations of mainlander identity articulated by Taiwan’s second-generation mainlander writers, who share the common feature of emotional ambivalence between Taiwan and China. Closely analyzing literary narratives of Chinese civil war migrants and their descendants in Taiwan, a group referred to as "mainlanders" (waishengren), this book demonstrates that these Chinese migrants’ ideas of "China" and "Chineseness" have adapted through time with their gradual settlement in the host land. Drawing upon theories of Sinophone Studies and memory studies, this book argues that during the three decades in which Taiwan moved away from the Kuomintang’s authoritarian rule to a democratic society, mainlander identity was narrated as a transformation from a diasporic Chinese identity to a more fluid and elusive Sinophone identity. Characterized by the features of cultural hybridity and emotional in-betweenness, mainlander identity in the eight works explored contests the existing Sinocentric discourse of Chineseness. An important contribution to the current research on Taiwan’s identity politics, this book will be of interest to academics in the field of Taiwan studies, Sinophone studies, Chinese migration, and Taiwanese literature as well as Chinese literature in general.
The work presented is focused on the electro-optical properties of III-V nanowire array solar cells. We begin with a study of the modal and material dispersion in a singlediameter nanowire array. A dual- diameter nanowire array structure is then proposed as a broadband absorber and a solar spectrum divider. Next, a microscopic carrier transport model is adopted to further study the internal device physics. Nanowire array solar cells with both axially and radially arranged p-n junction were studied in terms of the currentvoltage relationship, cell efficiency, and the response to the surface recombination with the inclusion of active region analysis. The optical properties of a nanowire array are evaluated by solving Maxwell’s equations. In the carrier transport model, the continuity equations are solved along with the Poisson’s equation. Recombination mechanisms include the radiative recombination, Shockley-Read-Hall recombination, Auger recombination, and the surface recombination.
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