As is well known, Pontryagin's maximum principle and Bellman's dynamic programming are the two principal and most commonly used approaches in solving stochastic optimal control problems. * An interesting phenomenon one can observe from the literature is that these two approaches have been developed separately and independently. Since both methods are used to investigate the same problems, a natural question one will ask is the fol lowing: (Q) What is the relationship betwccn the maximum principlc and dy namic programming in stochastic optimal controls? There did exist some researches (prior to the 1980s) on the relationship between these two. Nevertheless, the results usually werestated in heuristic terms and proved under rather restrictive assumptions, which were not satisfied in most cases. In the statement of a Pontryagin-type maximum principle there is an adjoint equation, which is an ordinary differential equation (ODE) in the (finite-dimensional) deterministic case and a stochastic differential equation (SDE) in the stochastic case. The system consisting of the adjoint equa tion, the original state equation, and the maximum condition is referred to as an (extended) Hamiltonian system. On the other hand, in Bellman's dynamic programming, there is a partial differential equation (PDE), of first order in the (finite-dimensional) deterministic case and of second or der in the stochastic case. This is known as a Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation.
It has been adapted into comic:Ferocious Princess / Refusing the Tyrant's Favor:the Fierce PrincessShe was a talented agent with near-perfect physical fitness and professional skills. Unexpectedly, she failed in a dangerous task, and when she was in the dangerous time between life ang death, she suddenly passed through ancient times.The emperor fell in love with her because of her special, and wanted to give her supreme favor and glory. Educated by modern thoughts, She cannot accept that her husband has multiple wives andwanted to leave and become a free girl. What happened later changed her mind? Why did she willingly accompany him and never leave?☆About the Author☆Yu Le Tou Tiao, an excellent author of an Internet novel. Her novel Ferocious Princess has attracted a lot of attention. The novel has ups and downs and a fresh writing.
Providing a comprehensive, pedagogical introduction to scattering amplitudes in gauge theory and gravity, this book is ideal for graduate students and researchers. It offers a smooth transition from basic knowledge of quantum field theory to the frontier of modern research. Building on basic quantum field theory, the book starts with an introduction to the spinor helicity formalism in the context of Feynman rules for tree-level amplitudes. The material covered includes on-shell recursion relations, superamplitudes, symmetries of N=4 super Yang–Mills theory, twistors and momentum twistors, Grassmannians, and polytopes. The presentation also covers amplitudes in perturbative supergravity, 3D Chern–Simons matter theories, and color-kinematics duality and its connection to 'gravity=(gauge theory)x(gauge theory)'. Basic knowledge of Feynman rules in scalar field theory and quantum electrodynamics is assumed, but all other tools are introduced as needed. Worked examples demonstrate the techniques discussed, and over 150 exercises help readers absorb and master the material.
Probably, we are obliged to Science, more than to any other field of the human activity, for the origin of our sense that collective efforts are necessary indeed. F. Joliot-Curie The study of autowave processes is a young science. Its basic concepts and methods are still in the process of formation, and the field of its applications to various domains of natural sciences is expanding continuously. Spectacular examples of various autowave processes are observed experimentally in numerous laboratories of quite different orientations, dealing with investigations in physics, chemistry and biology. It is O1). r opinion, however, that if a history of the discovery of autowaves will he written some day its author should surely mention three fundamental phenomena which were the sources of the domain in view. "Ve mean combustion and phase transition waves, waves in chemical reactors where oxidation-reduction processes take place, and propagation of excitations in nerve fibres. The main tools of the theory of autowave processes are various methods used for investigating nonlinear discrete or distributed oscillating systems, the mathe matical theory of nonlinear parabolic differential equations, and methods of the theory of finite automata. It is noteworthy that the theory of autowave,. , has been greatly contributed to be work of brilliant mathematicians who anticipated the experimental discoveries in their abstract studies. One should mention R. Fishel' (1937), A. N. Kolmogorov, G. 1. Petrovskii, and N. S. Piskunov (1937), N. Wiener and A. Rosenbluth (1946), A. Turing (1952).
On the Divine Martial Continent, the strong were respected. The youth Xiao Yun had obtained the mysterious sword embryo, cultivated the supreme sword dao, refined the invincible sword technique, and battled against the heaven's pride of tens of thousands of clans without being defeated! Seven feet of sword qi filled the desolate lands, within ten square days, I am invincible.
when the man with the broken leg wanted to kill her he dragged a beautiful man along the road to block the blade even in her wildest dreams lin qingyan never imagined that xiao yi ting would want to marry her we're just playing on the spot if you keep pestering me i'm going to call the police then just report it we are a legal couple someone raised the red book in his hand with an evil smile on his face from then on he helped her walk the path of revenge
As Su Qinghuan put her hands on her hips, she said, "With medical skills in hand, I have all the skills in the world!" What? You're accusing me of not marrying seventeen? No problem, buy a sickly guy, sit and wait to become a widow, earn a chastity memorial archway! However, with a change in his bearing, how did he become a powerful general? Su Qing Huan: Hey, hey, hey. You took the wrong script. This is Tian Wen! The female lead likes to take off the tease, kind-hearted and tough; the male lead is overbearing and affectionate, playing the pig to eat the tiger; Joy and tears, sorrow and joy, but deep love never let down.
An introduction to a rapidly developing topic: the theory of quantum computing. Following the basics of classical theory of computation, the book provides an exposition of quantum computation theory. In concluding sections, related topics, including parallel quantum computation, are discussed.
Asymptotic Methods in Resonance Analytical Dynamics presents new asymptotic methods for the analysis and construction of solutions (mainly periodic and quasiperiodic) of differential equations with small parameters. Along with some background material and theory behind these methods, the authors also consider a variety of problems and applications in nonlinear mechanics and oscillation theory. The methods examined are based on two types: the generalized averaging technique of Krylov-Bogolubov and the numeric-analytical iterations of Lyapunov-Poincaré. This text provides a useful source of reference for postgraduates and researchers working in this area of applied mathematics.
This work studies the eigenvalues of elliptic linear boundary value problems. Its main content is a set of asymptotic formulas describing the distribution of eigenvalues with high sequential numbers, providing a basic introduction to mathematical concepts and tools.
Julia Yu is a certified health coach who knows all too well how food habits impact the body. Although she had always thought of herself as a mom with sugar issues, she had no idea how quickly her quality of life was spiraling downhill because of the foods she was eating. After finally learning how to be compassionate with herself when cravings arose instead of resisting them, she was able to break free of her sugar habits and find peace with food and herself. In an encouraging, insightful guide, Yu shares the secrets of how others can also exit the blood sugar roller coaster and enjoy a new state-of-the-art ride headed to places free from judgment and full of a new kind of energy and possibilities. Yu offers valuable information about how to spot triggers and set anchors, remove toxins from the body, handle food boredom and deprivation, and make new habits stick in order to build the lifestyle we all desire in powerful and meaningful ways. Sweeter Without Sugar shares practical advice from a certified health coach who encourages experimentation with new ways to attain better health.
SOON TO BE A HULU ORIGINAL SERIES • NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • NATIONAL BOOK AWARD WINNER • “A shattering and darkly comic send-up of racial stereotyping in Hollywood” (Vanity Fair) and a deeply personal novel about race, pop culture, immigration, assimilation, and escaping the roles we are forced to play. Willis Wu doesn’t perceive himself as the protagonist in his own life: he’s merely Generic Asian Man. Sometimes he gets to be Background Oriental Making a Weird Face or even Disgraced Son, but always he is relegated to a prop. Yet every day, he leaves his tiny room in a Chinatown SRO and enters the Golden Palace restaurant, where Black and White, a procedural cop show, is in perpetual production. He’s a bit player here, too, but he dreams of being Kung Fu Guy—the most respected role that anyone who looks like him can attain. Or is it? After stumbling into the spotlight, Willis finds himself launched into a wider world than he’s ever known, discovering not only the secret history of Chinatown, but the buried legacy of his own family. Infinitely inventive and deeply personal, exploring the themes of pop culture, assimilation, and immigration—Interior Chinatown is Charles Yu’s most moving, daring, and masterful novel yet.
On a certain day in a certain year, a faint shadow appeared in Mu Si Nan's eyes. Just like that, ten thousand years passed. I remember Shen Congwen saying something, "I know you came back, so I'll wait." That was why Mu Sinnan and the others had come. I remember that I love you only three words, but the hidden meaning is indescribable with words, so Mouseson didn't say it, but she did. Join Collection
This book consists of lecture notes for a semester-long introductory graduate course on dynamical systems and chaos taught by the authors at Texas A&M University and Zhongshan University, China. There are ten chapters in the main body of the book, covering an elementary theory of chaotic maps in finite-dimensional spaces. The topics include one-dimensional dynamical systems (interval maps), bifurcations, general topological, symbolic dynamical systems, fractals and a class of infinite-dimensional dynamical systems which are induced by interval maps, plus rapid fluctuations of chaotic maps as a new viewpoint developed by the authors in recent years. Two appendices are also provided in order to ease the transitions for the readership from discrete-time dynamical systems to continuous-time dynamical systems, governed by ordinary and partial differential equations. Table of Contents: Simple Interval Maps and Their Iterations / Total Variations of Iterates of Maps / Ordering among Periods: The Sharkovski Theorem / Bifurcation Theorems for Maps / Homoclinicity. Lyapunoff Exponents / Symbolic Dynamics, Conjugacy and Shift Invariant Sets / The Smale Horseshoe / Fractals / Rapid Fluctuations of Chaotic Maps on RN / Infinite-dimensional Systems Induced by Continuous-Time Difference Equations
Korean is the seventh most commonly spoken language in the United States, and Korean heritage students―those with some proficiency in or a cultural connection to the language through family or community―make up a substantial portion of Korean learners at the college level. Many schools offer a separate heritage track for learning Korean, but until now there has been no textbook designed specifically for heritage learners as well as the increasing number of students from diverse backgrounds who are interested in pursuing intensive learning to build on their prior experience with Korean. Integrated Korean: Accelerated 1 and 2 directly address the linguistic needs and abilities of heritage and accelerated learners in a single academic year. Volume 1 presents lessons on thematically organized subjects, starting with familiar topics such as family, friends, daily routines, schoolwork, campus activities, dining out, and shopping. Volume 2 advances to more formal subjects beyond family and friends, such as travel, transportation, housing, holidays, lifestyles, careers, and Korean history and culture. Students approach the lessons with multilevel communicative classroom activities and reading materials with standards-based exercises and projects that not only focus on the particular language requirements of heritage learners, but also encourage them to participate more fully in their own family and community life. Each volume’s textbook and workbook offer authentic conversations and texts in both informal and formal contexts, structured tasks, and a wealth of interesting and relevant cultural content. Integrated Korean is a project of the Korean Language Education and Research Center (KLEAR) with the support of the Korea Foundation. In addition to the five-level Integrated Korean textbooks and workbooks, volumes include Korean Composition, Korean Language in Culture and Society, Korean Reader for Chinese Characters, Readings in Modern Korean Literature, A Resource for Korean Grammar Instruction, and Selected Readings in Korean. Audio files for Accelerated Korean may be downloaded in MP3 format at https://kleartextbook.com.
Tang Chuan, the heir to the imperial family, was ordered by four beautiful mothers to find the precious treasure of the Apricot Forest, the "Nine Stars Needle". At the same time, he helped his fiancée, who he had never met, dissolve her yin and yang body, but because of the misunderstanding, Tang Chuan stayed at Zhou's house.
Developing the new framework of ‘life-mix’, which considers the mixed patterns of caring and working in different periods of life, this book systematically explores the interplay of productivism, women, care and work in East Asia and Europe. The book ranges across four key aspects of welfare — childcare, parental leave, employment support and pensions — to illustrate how policies affect women in various periods of their lives. Policy case studies from France, Germany, Hong Kong, Hungary, South Korea, Sweden and the UK, show how welfare could support people’s caring and working lives. This book forms a prescient examination of how productivist thinking underpins regimes and impacts women’s welfare, care and work in both the East and West.
The main feature of this book is a systematic application of elementary geometric and topological techniques for solving problems that arise naturally in algebra. After an account of preliminary material, there is a discussion of a geometrically intuitive interpretation of the derivation of consequences of defining relations of groups. A study is made of planar and certain other two-dimensional maps connected with well-known problems in general group theory, such as the problems of Burnside and O. Yu. Schmidt. The method of cancellation diagrams developed here is applied to these and to a series of other problems. This monograph is addressed to research workers and students in universities, and may be used as a basis for a series of specialized lectures or seminars.
How to Augment Language Skills outlines ways in which translators and language providers can expand their skillset and how translation technologies can be integrated into language learning and translator training. This book explains the basics of generative AI, machine translation, and translation memory suites, placing them in a historical context and assessing their fundamental impacts on language skills. It covers what to teach in a specific context, how to teach it, how to assess the result, and how to set up lively class discussions on the many problematic aspects. The exploratory empirical approach is designed to reach across several divides: between language education and translation studies, between technology designers and users, between Western and Asian research, and between abstract ideas and hands-on practice. Features include: Fifty-seven technology-related activities for the language and/or translation class. Recent research on the capacities of generative AI. Examples of how to conduct a needs analysis in the Higher Education context. Comparisons of the main teaching methods. Ways to assess the use of technologies. Examples in Chinese, Spanish, Catalan, French, and German. A full glossary explaining the key terms in clear language. Drawing on years of classroom experience, Pym and Hao illustrate how these skills can be taught in a range of classroom and online activities, making this essential reading for teachers and researchers involved in the teaching of languages and the training of translators.
Originally just want to study this ghost house, but bring back a ghost?It was just curiosity, but now it's haunted by this ghost? What is this setting?Dong Xiaoxiao looks at Ye Hanyi's helpless head and says, "can you let me go?"Ye Hanyi looked at the tribute in front of him and said, "with these you want to send me away?""What do you want?""Of course I'll trade you for it!
In this velvet-clad 1990s gothic horror, Aja encounters a charming vampire who wants to lure her into the woods—just like her missing sister. No one ever pays attention to sixteen-year-old Aja until her perfect older sister Fiona goes missing. In the days leading up to Fiona’s disappearance, Aja notices some extraordinary things: a strange fog rolling through their idyllic suburban town, a brief moment when the sky seems to rain blood, and a host of parasitic caterpillars burrowing their way through the trees. Aja’s father, the neighbors, and even her ex-friend Mary all play down this strange string of occurrences, claiming there must be some natural explanation. It seems everyone is willing to keep living in denial until other teens start to go missing too. Aja is horrified when she meets Padraic, the vampire responsible for all the strange occurrences. His hypnotic voice lures her to the window and tells her everything she’s longed to hear—she’s beautiful and special, and he wants nothing more than for Aja to come with him. Aja knows she shouldn’t trust him, but she’s barely able to resist his enthrallment. And following him into the woods may be the only way to find Fiona, so she agrees on one condition: He must let her leave alive if she is not wooed after one week. Though Aja plans to kill him before the week is out, Padraic has his own secrets as well. In the misty woods, Aja finds that Padraic has made his nest with another vampire in a dilapidated church infested by blood-sucking butterflies. Within its walls, the vampires are waited on and entertained by other children they’ve enthralled, but there is no sign of Fiona. Before her bargain is up, Aja must find a way to turn her classmates against their captors, find her sister, and save them all—or be forced to join the very monsters she wants to destroy.
This book belongs to the subject of control and systems theory. It studies a novel data-driven framework for the design and analysis of iterative learning control (ILC) for nonlinear discrete-time systems. A series of iterative dynamic linearization methods is discussed firstly to build a linear data mapping with respect of the system’s output and input between two consecutive iterations. On this basis, this work presents a series of data-driven ILC (DDILC) approaches with rigorous analysis. After that, this work also conducts significant extensions to the cases with incomplete data information, specified point tracking, higher order law, system constraint, nonrepetitive uncertainty, and event-triggered strategy to facilitate the real applications. The readers can learn the recent progress on DDILC for complex systems in practical applications. This book is intended for academic scholars, engineers, and graduate students who are interested in learning control, adaptive control, nonlinear systems, and related fields.
A study of the interconnection between Sobolev spaces, geometric classes of mappings (quasiconformal and quasiisometric) and nonlinear capacity. Chapter 1 introduces the terminology and auxiliary results used. Chapter 2 deals with the foundations of the theory of classes of functions with generalized derivatives, and discusses in detail methods of.
If the number one female tyrant ascended to the throne, what would happen to the Imperial Palace? A ruckus? Chicken and dog soaring into the sky?What would happen to the emperor if he messed with the imperial harem and beat up his concubine? To embarrass her in public?The emperor doesn't love the empress, give up on him and go out to attract bees and butterflies!A bundle of money, crawling out of the palace — yak yak yak, all waiting for me!
This book is an outgrowth of formal graduate courses in multiple-criteria decision making (MCDM) that the author has taught at the University of Rochester, University of Texas at Austin, and University of Kansas since 1972. The purpose is, on one hand, to offer the reader an integral and systematic view of various concepts and techniques in MCDM at an "introductory" level, and, on the other hand, to provide a basic conception of the human decision mechanism, which may improve our ability to apply the techniques we have learned and may broaden our llJ.ind for modeling human decision making. The book is written with a goal in mind that the reader should be able to assimilate and benefit from most of the concepts in the book if he has the mathematical maturity equivalent to a course in operations research or optimiz ation theory. Good training in linear and nonlinear programming is sufficient to digest, perhaps easily, most of the concepts in the book.
This book is about the design and control of biomimetic underwater robots. It explains the six aspects of the underwater biomimetic vehicle- manipulator system in detail and provides practical examples. This book is the authors’ long-term exploration of the theoretical and technical issues in the development of the underwater biomimetic vehicle-manipulator system and is written based on more than 15 years of scientific research and practical experience. This book is a helpful reference for the researchers, engineers, master and Ph.D. students in the field of biomimetic underwater robots.
This marriage was very hasty, a child shouldn't be born so easily.She did not know if she liked him, much less who he liked!But then one morning she woke up crying in his arms.He looked deeply at her and asked softly, "Did you have a sad dream?""I dreamed I lost you!"He held her tighter, running his fingers over the tears at the corners of her eyes. "Don't cry, this is just a dream!"She rubbed her hand against his chest, "But I'm afraid. I'm afraid that I might really lose you in the real world. What should I do then?"He squeezed her cold little hand and said softly, "It doesn't matter, I'll find you!"By then, the purple violets on the balcony were all in full bloom.Ps: purple violet flowery language: in a beautiful dream to fall in love with you.
Understanding the energy it takes to build or break chemical bonds is essential for scientists and engineers in a wide range of innovative fields, including catalysis, nanomaterials, bioengineering, environmental chemistry, and space science. Reflecting the frequent additions and updates of bond dissociation energy (BDE) data throughout the literat
The fifth volume of Dr Needham's immense undertaking, like the fourth, is subdivided into parts for ease of assimilation and presentation, each part bound and published separately. The volume as a whole covers the subjects of alchemy, early chemistry, and chemical technology (which includes military invention, especially gunpowder and rockets; paper and printing; textiles; mining and metallurgy; the salt industry; and ceramics).
This book is one of the first to explore aviation and aircraft leasing and its values establishing it as a standalone investable asset class within the larger real assets industry. Airplanes are a crucial but capital-intensive component of the global economy. The author, as an academic, researcher, appraiser, advisor and businessperson in the industry, bridges a gap in the existing literature with his analysis of the underlying aviation asset class return and risk profile. The book describes the characteristics, dynamics and drivers of the global, Asia and China specific aviation and leasing landscapes. Recent effects of COVID-19 on aviation and an analysis of the drivers affecting cross border mergers and acquisitions in the industry are also investigated. The book includes 20+ years of empirical aircraft valuation evidence and analysis of its characteristics establishing the aircraft and sub-segments as asset classes. In addition, characteristic comparisons to other real asset subclasses and benchmarks are examined. This book will be of interest to academics, financiers, investors, industry participants and more general aviation enthusiasts.
This book provides an up-to-date overview of mathematical theories and research results on solitons, presenting related mathematical methods and applications as well as numerical experiments. Different types of soliton equations are covered along with their dynamical behaviors and applications from physics, making the book an essential reference for researchers and graduate students in applied mathematics and physics. Contents Introduction Inverse scattering transform Asymptotic behavior to initial value problems for some integrable evolution nonlinear equations Interaction of solitons and its asymptotic properties Hirota method Bäcklund transformations and the infinitely many conservation laws Multi-dimensional solitons and their stability Numerical computation methods for some nonlinear evolution equations The geometric theory of solitons Global existence and blow up for the nonlinear evolution equations The soliton movements of elementary particles in nonlinear quantum field The theory of soliton movement of superconductive features The soliton movements in condensed state systemsontents
Physical, chemical processes in gases at high temperatures are focus of outstanding text, which combines material from gas dynamics, shock-wave theory, thermodynamics and statistical physics, other fields. 284 illustrations. 1966–1967 edition.
Xiao Yueze was originally her good friend's fiancé. Once, her good friend accidentally jumped into the sea to commit suicide because he lost his virginity in a bar, while Xiao Yueze blamed all the crimes on her. The wedding night. He was like an enraged lion, his hands tightly gripped around her neck, and killing intent raged in his eyes, "From tonight onwards, your good days will come to an end ...
“Up to Speed is a roadmap and toolbox for athletes of all ages. Every coach should read it and discuss it with their athletes. I wish I had been able to read this book while I was competing.” —Kara Goucher, Olympic long-distance runner and author of The Longest Race How the latest science can help women achieve their athletic potential Over the last fifty years, women have made extraordinary advances in athletics. More women than ever are playing sports and staying active longer. Whether they’re elite athletes looking for an edge or enthusiastic amateurs, women deserve a culture of sports that helps them thrive: training programs and equipment designed to work with their bodies, as well as guidelines for nutrition and injury prevention that are based in science and tailored to their lived experience. Yet too often the guidance women receive is based on research that fails to consider their experiences or their bodies. So much of what we take as gospel about exercise and sports science is based solely on studies of men. The good news is, this is finally changing. Researchers are creating more inclusive studies to close the gender data gap. They’re examining the ways women can boost athletic performance, reduce injury, and stay healthy. Sports and health journalist Christine Yu disentangles myth and gender bias from real science, making the case for new approaches that can help women athletes excel at every stage of life, from adolescence to adulthood, through pregnancy, menopause, and beyond. She explains the latest research and celebrates the researchers, athletes, and advocates pushing back against the status quo and proposing better solutions to improve the active and athletic lives of women and girls.
While biomedical researchers may be able to follow instructions in the manuals accompanying the statistical software packages, they do not always have sufficient knowledge to choose the appropriate statistical methods and correctly interpret their results. Statistical Thinking in Epidemiology examines common methodological and statistical problems
This edition has been called ‘startlingly up-to-date’, and in this corrected second printing you can be sure that it’s even more contemporaneous. It surveys from a unified point of view both the modern state and the trends of continuing development in various branches of number theory. Illuminated by elementary problems, the central ideas of modern theories are laid bare. Some topics covered include non-Abelian generalizations of class field theory, recursive computability and Diophantine equations, zeta- and L-functions. This substantially revised and expanded new edition contains several new sections, such as Wiles' proof of Fermat's Last Theorem, and relevant techniques coming from a synthesis of various theories.
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