This book presents an in-depth examination of the challenges facing the port industry in reducing CO2 emissions. Through empirical studies and real-world data, it explores the energy consumption of cargo handling machinery and reefer containers, and introduces new technologies and methods for reducing emissions. With a focus on practical application, the book provides a valuable resource for port managers and stakeholders looking to implement effective climate change countermeasures. It also serves as a valuable resource for researchers studying ports and climate change.
The invention of lasers in the early 1960s enhanced the rapid development of optoelectronics which had introduced various optical measurement methods. A typical example of the methods is found in measurements of velocity. It is well recognized that optical velocity measuring methods have important advantages, such as noncontacting and nondisturbing operations, over c- ventional methods employed previously. These fundamental advantages are indicated by the enormous research e?ort which has gone into their devel- ment for many years. One of the optical methods proposed and studied to measure the velocity is laser Doppler velocimetry which was proposed in the early 1960s and extensively studied by many investigators and is at present applied to practical uses. Another is spatial ?ltering velocimetry which was also proposed in the early 1960s and studied by a number of investigators. In comparison with laser Doppler velocimetry, spatial ?ltering velocimetry had not received much attention from investigators but was studied steadily by several research groups mainly in Japan and is now practically used in various ?elds of engineering. Several important books on laser Doppler velocimetry have already been published, but there has been no book on spatial ?ltering velocimetry. This book is the ?rst contribution to spatial ?ltering velocimetry. Therefore, the Introduction of Chapter 1 provides in detail a historical review of spatial ?ltering velocimetry, relating it to other optical methods and discussing its practical relevance. In the book following Chap.
This book presents an in-depth examination of the challenges facing the port industry in reducing CO2 emissions. Through empirical studies and real-world data, it explores the energy consumption of cargo handling machinery and reefer containers, and introduces new technologies and methods for reducing emissions. With a focus on practical application, the book provides a valuable resource for port managers and stakeholders looking to implement effective climate change countermeasures. It also serves as a valuable resource for researchers studying ports and climate change.
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