Truly Concurrent Process Algebra with Localities introduces localities into truly concurrent process algebras. The book explores all aspects of localities in truly concurrent process algebras, such as Calculus for True Concurrency (CTC), which is a generalization of CCS for true concurrency, Algebra of Parallelism for True Concurrency (APTC), which is a generalization of ACP for true concurrency, and ? Calculus for True Concurrency (?). Together, these approaches capture the so-called true concurrency based on truly concurrent bisimilarities, such as pomset bisimilarity, step bisimilarity, history-preserving (hp-) bisimilarity and hereditary history-preserving (hhp-) bisimilarity. This book provides readers with all aspects of algebraic theory for localities, including the basis of semantics, calculi for static localities, axiomatization for static localities, as well as calculi for dynamic localities and axiomatization for dynamic localities. Introduces algebraic properties and laws for localities, one of the important concepts of software engineering for concurrent computing systems Discusses algebraic theory for static localities and dynamic localities, including the basis of semantics, calculi, and axiomatization Presents all aspects of localities in truly concurrent process algebras, including Calculus for True Concurrency (CTC), Algebra of Parallelism for True Concurrency (APTC), and Process Calculus for True Concurrency (?)
Handbook of Truly Concurrent Process Algebra provides readers with a detailed and in-depth explanation of the algebra used for concurrent computing. This complete handbook is divided into five Parts: Algebraic Theory for Reversible Computing, Probabilistic Process Algebra for True Concurrency, Actors – A Process Algebra-Based Approach, Secure Process Algebra, and Verification of Patterns. The author demonstrates actor models which are captured using the following characteristics: Concurrency, Asynchrony, Uniqueness, Concentration, Communication Dependency, Abstraction, and Persistence. Truly concurrent process algebras are generalizations of the corresponding traditional process algebras. Handbook of Truly Concurrent Process Algebra introduces several advanced extensions and applications of truly concurrent process algebras. Part 1: Algebraic Theory for Reversible Computing provides readers with all aspects of algebraic theory for reversible computing, including the basis of semantics, calculi for reversible computing, and axiomatization for reversible computing. Part 2: Probabilistic Process Algebra for True Concurrency provides readers with all aspects of probabilistic process algebra for true concurrency, including the basis of semantics, calculi for probabilistic computing, axiomatization for probabilistic computing, as well as mobile calculi for probabilistic computing. Part 3: Actors - A Process Algebra-Based Approach bridges the two concurrent models, process algebra and actors, by capturing the actor model in the following characteristics: Concurrency, Asynchrony, Uniqueness, Concentration, Communication Dependency, Abstraction, and Persistence. Part 4: Secure Process Algebra demonstrates the advantages of process algebra in verifying security protocols – it has a firmly theoretic foundation and rich expressive powers to describe security protocols. Part 5: Verification of Patterns formalizes software patterns according to the categories of the patterns and verifies the correctness of patterns based on truly concurrent process algebra. Every pattern is detailed according to a regular format to be understood and utilized easily, which includes introduction to a pattern and its verifications. Patterns of the vertical domains are also provided, including the domains of networked objects and resource management. To help readers develop and implement the software patterns scientifically, the pattern languages are also presented. Presents all aspects of full algebraic reversible computing, including the basis of semantics, calculi for full reversible computing, and axiomatization for full reversible computing Introduces algebraic properties and laws for probabilistic computing, one of the foundational concepts of Computer Science Presents the calculi for probabilistic computing, including the basis of semantics and calculi for reversible computing
Algebraic Theory for True Concurrency presents readers with the algebraic laws for true concurrency. Parallelism and concurrency are two of the core concepts within computer science. This book covers the different realms of concurrency, which enables programs, algorithms or problems to be broken out into order-independent or partially ordered components to improve computation and execution speed. There are two primary approaches for executing concurrency: interleaving concurrency and true concurrency. The main representative of interleaving concurrency is bisimulation/rooted branching bisimulation equivalences which is also readily explored. This work eventually founded the comprehensive axiomatization modulo bisimulation equivalence -- ACP (Algebra of Communicating Processes).The other approach to concurrency is true concurrency. Research on true concurrency is active and includes many emerging applications. First, there are several truly concurrent bisimulation equivalences, including: pomset bisimulation equivalence, step bisimulation equivalence, history-preserving (hp-) bisimulation equivalence, and hereditary history-preserving (hhp-) bisimulation equivalence, the most well-known truly concurrent bisimulation equivalence. Introduces algebraic properties and laws for true concurrency, one of the foundational concepts of computer science Presents all aspects of algebraic true concurrency, including the basis of semantics, calculi for true concurrency and for axiomatization Integrates all aspects of algebraic theory for true concurrency, along with extensions and applications
Theory of Structured Parallel Programming is a comprehensive guide to structured parallel programming corresponding to traditional structured sequential programming. The book provides readers with comprehensive coverage of theoretical foundations of structured parallel programming, including analyses of parallelism and concurrency, truly concurrent process algebras, building block-based structured parallel programming, modelling and verification of parallel programming language, modelling and verification of parallel programming patterns, as well as modeling and verification of distributed systems. There have been always two ways to approach parallel computing: one is the structured way, and the other is the graph-based (true concurrent) way. The structured way is often based on the interleaving semantics, such as process algebra CCS. Since the parallelism in interleaving semantics is not a fundamental computational pattern (the parallel operator can be replaced by alternative composition and sequential composition), the parallel operator often does not occur as an explicit operator, such as in the mainstream programming languages C, C++, Java, et al. Introduces algebraic properties and laws for structured parallel programming, one of the foundational concepts of Computer Science Discusses modeling and verification of parallel programming language, parallel programming patterns, and distributed systems Demonstrates parallel programming language with its operational semantics, denotational semantics, axiomatic semantics, and their relations
Executives worldwide have studied and emulated U.S. entrepreneurs from Bill Gates to Michael Dell. Yet, we know next to nothing about the pioneers who are reshaping the world's second largest economy: China. In the face of murky ownership structures, inconsistent access to capital, shifting industrial policy, and other obstacles, an elite few Chinese firms have thrived during the turbulence of the last decade. In Made in China, Donald N. Sull profiles eight of these formidable ventures to reveal the secrets behind their surprising success. Based on extensive research, including in-depth interviews and access to corporate archives, Made in China explores these entrepreneurs' winning strategies, from how they anticipate and maneuver through emerging threats and opportunities ("active waiting") to how they manage risks and how they consistently out-execute rivals. Taken together, these principles represent a comprehensive model for managing in unpredictable environments worldwide. An insider's look at the playbook of some of the world's savviest and most resilient entrepreneurs, Made in China is essential reading for companies operating in China or in any volatile industry or market. Sull is an associate professor of management practice at London Business School. Previously an assistant professor of business administration at Harvard Business School, Sull was also a consultant at McKinsey & Co., Inc. He advises both multinational firms and new ventures in several countries.
本書收集溫家寶總理在各種訪談、演講、會議中引用的詩文、名句120條,詳列出處,釋義,概述引文的作者、作品背景以及引用背景,分析溫總理為什麼要在此時此地、此情此境引用此人此言,讓讀者借此窺見溫總理的素養、品格和他對中國改革、民生諸問題的觀點、態度等,從而深切地理解溫總理的行事與為人;並通過溫總理的解讀、闡發,更深刻地領會這些智慧寶珠的奧妙。 This book has 124 lines of Chinese sayings quoted by Premier Wen in various interviews, speeches and conferences. The source, authors, meaning, and background of the quotations are given in detail. The contexts in which Premier Wen quoted these lines are also comprehensively analyzed. The book gives an insight into his views and thoughts on China’s reform and the welfare of the people. Through these quotations, readers will get to know Premier Wen, his personality and his perspectives. Readers will also grasp the wisdom of the sages through Premier Wen’s exposition of his quotations. 本書特點: 1. 溫家寶總理是中國最擅長引經據典的國家領導人之一。他的言談裏不經意間就會跳出一些經典的詩文、名句。這些引文言簡意賅、意蘊深遠,是人類歷史文化長河中凝成的智慧寶珠。 2. 而溫總理引用詩文,也並非一時一地為切合情境或豐富文采而用,它們往往具有極其深刻的寓意,同時折射出溫總理的思想、觀念、風格、操守。 3. 此書首次全面收錄溫家寶總理經典引句,從獨特的視角切入政治人物的內心。 4. 深入挖掘引言背景,幫助讀者領會其中深意。
This book investigates the existential clause (EC) from a cross-linguistic perspective and within the framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics. The prototypical EC in the less familiar languages is identified through its functional equivalents in the more familiar ones, which share the common semantic basis of ‘there exists something in some location’. Topics addressed include the morpho-syntactic features of the EC, the subject of the EC, the definiteness effect and its manifestations in the EC, the EC as impersonals, the distinction between entity- vs. event-existentials, and the EC and its related constructions. Drawing on both cross-linguistic observations based on the language sample and in-depth investigations in particular languages (e.g., in Chinese and English), the study aims to unravel how the lexico-grammar of EC is related to its meanings and functions, that is, how meaning is realised in form. The title will appeal to scholars and students in the field of linguistics, especially functional linguistics, and syntax.
This book comprehensively covers many aspects of green mine, including the basic situation of green mines, mine facilities, extraction management, ecological environment, scientific and technological innovation, standardized management, environmental protection inspectors, and special tools in response to the needs of green mine construction, assessment, and management. It is highly informative with valuable techniques and tools providing insights both for scholars and practitioners working in green mine field.
In view of the demand for the research on the transport resistance characteristics and mechanical properties of CPB under the influence of temperature effect, the book comprehensively describes the studies on rheological and mechanical properties of CPB materials used in underground metal mines. This book covers a wide range of topics, including a new definition of CPB, past participation and flow-induced corrosion of pipeline under the constant temperature condition, multiphysics processes in CPB and the associated consolidation process, the variation of rheological parameters and transport resistance, prediction model for rheological properties, mechanical behavior and properties of CPB and fiber-reinforced CPB, and control technology to reduce the adverse effect of temperature. Therefore, an academic framework for the transport resistance characteristics and mechanical properties under the temperature effect was established in this book. Investigates rheological properties and multiphysics processes in CPB materials around the world Looks into systematic studies on pipe transport and mechanical properties of CPB under temperature effects Focuses mainly on the effect of temperature on paste transport and mechanical properties under the temperature effect, which provides a theoretical basis for safe and efficient filling operation and associated future research in this field Offer in-depth insights into the evolution of the rheological and mechanical properties of CPB under the effect of temperatures
This book is an authoritative account of the latest developments in fire performance and fire resistant design of thin-walled steel structures. It provides a comprehensive review of recent research, including fire tests of thin-walled steel structural members and systems, numerical modelling of heat transfer and structural behaviour, elevated temperature material properties, methods of improving fire resistance of thin-walled steel structures, and performance based fire resistant design methods. Worked examples navigate the reader through some of the complexities of this specialist subject. This is the first book devoted to the fundamental principles of this emerging subject, as thin-walled steel structures are increasingly being used in building construction. It will be valuable to fire protection engineers who want to optimise fire resistant design of thin-walled steel structures, and specialist manufacturers needing to control fire resistance of thin-walled steel structural systems, as well as to the research community.
Today, businesses have valuable operations data spread across multiple content management systems. To help discover, manage, and deliver this content, IBM® provides IBM Content Federation Services and IBM Content Integrator. This IBM Redbooks® publication introduces the concept of federated content management and describes the installation, configuration, and implementation of these product offerings. IBM Content Federation Services, available through IBM FileNet Content Manager, is a suite of three federated content management services based on the federation implementation strategy. We describe how to install and configure Content Federation Services for Image Services, Content Manager OnDemand, and IBM Content Integrator. Using an integration implementation strategy, IBM Content Integrator provides a repository neutral API that allows bidirectional, real-time access to a multitude of disparate content management system installations. We present connector configuration details to frequently encountered content management systems. We provide detailed instruction and sample implementations using the product's JavaTM and Web Services APIs to access content stored in repository systems. This book is intended for IT architects and specialists interested in understanding federated content management and is a hands-on technical guide for IT specialists to configure and implement federated content management solutions.
Under fire conditions, the strong interactions in structures result in different load carrying mechanisms and drastic redistributions of internal forces in structural members, which are concentrated at and transferred via connections. Fire safety depends on the performance of these connections, including their temperature distribution and load-carrying mechanisms, and good performance ensures structural robustness in fire. Behaviour and Design of Steel and Composite Connections in Fire is the only dedicated book on fire performance of connections in steel and composite structures. Recent experimental and numerical studies, from individual elements to whole, real-scale structures, have indicated that connections are among the most vulnerable and critical parts of these structures. This book synthesises the research findings on this important subject and explains the essential features in an accessible way in one single source. The book is ideal for researchers, structural engineers and fire protection engineers in their applications of performance-based fire engineering.
As the most populous country in the world, China’s demographic challenges have always been too many people for ecological system, resources, and the environment. However, by the early 1990s, fertility rate in China had dropped below the replacement level, and China’s low fertility has now attracted the world’s attention. This book is among the first studies to raise and examine questions on low fertility in China, believing that China has entered a new era featured by low birth rate and ageing population. Utilizing advanced research methods and models on low fertility to analyze China’s census data, this book explores the issues from various perspectives. Methodologies employed in past population studies, policy making concerning fertility rate, underreporting of births and fertility rate estimates, fertility level of the migrant population, current population pattern, long-term population trends, population dynamics, and many other thought-provoking problems are covered. Finally, the book revisits China’s population issues in the context of globalization. The 21st century has seen the new challenge of persistent population decrease and ageing worldwide, which, along with economic globalization, demands a new understanding of the changes in population pattern and their consequences. Researchers and students in China’s demographic and social studies will be attracted by the insightful analysis and rich materials provided in the book. Population policy makers will also benefit from it.
This book unifies existing and emerging concepts concerning state estimation, fault detection, fault isolation and fault estimation on industrial systems with an emphasis on a variety of network-induced phenomena, fault diagnosis and remaining useful life for industrial equipment. It covers state estimation/monitor, fault diagnosis and remaining useful life prediction by drawing on the conventional theories of systems science, signal processing and machine learning. Features: Unifies existing and emerging concepts concerning robust filtering and fault diagnosis with an emphasis on a variety of network-induced complexities. Explains theories, techniques, and applications of state estimation as well as fault diagnosis from an engineering-oriented perspective. Provides a series of latest results in robust/stochastic filtering, multidate sample, and time-varying system. Captures diagnosis (fault detection, fault isolation and fault estimation) for time-varying multi-rate systems. Includes simulation examples in each chapter to reflect the engineering practice. This book aims at graduate students, professionals and researchers in control science and application, system analysis, artificial intelligence, and fault diagnosis.
Extremal Optimization: Fundamentals, Algorithms, and Applications introduces state-of-the-art extremal optimization (EO) and modified EO (MEO) solutions from fundamentals, methodologies, and algorithms to applications based on numerous classic publications and the authors’ recent original research results. It promotes the movement of EO from academic study to practical applications. The book covers four aspects, beginning with a general review of real-world optimization problems and popular solutions with a focus on computational complexity, such as "NP-hard" and the "phase transitions" occurring on the search landscape. Next, it introduces computational extremal dynamics and its applications in EO from principles, mechanisms, and algorithms to the experiments on some benchmark problems such as TSP, spin glass, Max-SAT (maximum satisfiability), and graph partition. It then presents studies on the fundamental features of search dynamics and mechanisms in EO with a focus on self-organized optimization, evolutionary probability distribution, and structure features (e.g., backbones), which are based on the authors’ recent research results. Finally, it discusses applications of EO and MEO in multiobjective optimization, systems modeling, intelligent control, and production scheduling. The authors present the advanced features of EO in solving NP-hard problems through problem formulation, algorithms, and simulation studies on popular benchmarks and industrial applications. They also focus on the development of MEO and its applications. This book can be used as a reference for graduate students, research developers, and practical engineers who work on developing optimization solutions for those complex systems with hardness that cannot be solved with mathematical optimization or other computational intelligence, such as evolutionary computations.
This book provides a comprehensive study of the state of the art in location privacy for mobile applications. It presents an integrated five-part framework for location privacy research, which includes the analysis of location privacy definitions, attacks and adversaries, location privacy protection methods, location privacy metrics, and location-based mobile applications. In addition, it analyses the relationships between the various elements of location privacy, and elaborates on real-world attacks in a specific application. Furthermore, the book features case studies of three applications and shares valuable insights into future research directions. Shedding new light on key research issues in location privacy and promoting the advance and development of future location-based mobile applications, it will be of interest to a broad readership, from students to researchers and engineers in the field.
This book describes and clarifies how certain problems can be resolved in Japan and Asia. For the future, the focus should be on Japan, which can provide "common knowledge" as a public good. The book collects the results of researchers in Japan, China, South Korea, and Indonesia on declining birthrates and aging, rapid technological innovation and societal changes, and recovery from natural disasters. Chapter 1 covers Japanese social welfare system reform and transformation of social governance. Chapter 2 deals with the decreasing birthrate and national security. Chapters 3 to 5 discuss three aspects of the impact of modern technology on Japanese society. Chapter 6 and 7 include the research results on recovery from the earthquake disasters in Indonesia and East Japan. Through reading this book, the increasingly necessity to capture Japanese studies in Asia as a public good can be understood. The authors believe that sharing of knowledge as a public good is of great help in solving problems for the future.
In Made in China, Donald N. Sull profiles eight of these formidable Chinese ventures to reveal the secrets behind their surprising success. Sull argues that in uncertain markets, successful companies consistently responded more quickly and effectively to shocks that threatened their very survival and forced less successful competitors out of business. They quickly seized major opportunities that positioned them well for the future. During periods of relative calm, they employed a dynamic approach to strategy - "active waiting" - by constantly anticipating and responding to evolving threats and opportunities faster than competitors." "Based on extensive research and illustrated through detailed case studies of firms such as home appliance leader Haier and Internet portal pioneer Sina Corporation, Made in China distills a set of winning strategies for managing in any unpredictable market."--BOOK JACKET.
The current book brings together the latest developments in the area of ionic liquids, including synthesis, purity control, toxicity, and scaling-up technologies. In addition, the authors explore the applications of ionic liquids in organic synthesis and catalysis, separation techniques and nanomaterials engineering. Written by key experts in the field, this book is an invaluable material for organic and green chemists in academia and industry.
This English edition monograph is developed and updated from China's best-selling, and award-winning, book on Artificial Intelligence (AI). It covers the foundations as well as the latest developments of AI in a comprehensive and systematic manner. It is a valuable guide for students and researchers on artificial intelligence. A wide range of topics in AI are covered in this book with four distinct features. First of all, the book comprises a comprehensive system, covering the core technology of AI, including the basic theories and techniques of "traditional" artificial intelligence, and the basic principles and methods of computational intelligence. Secondly, the book focuses on innovation, covering advanced learning methods for machine learning and deep learning techniques and other artificial intelligence that have been widely used in recent years. Thirdly, the theory and practice of the book are highly integrated. There are theories, techniques and methods, as well as many application examples, which will help readers to understand the artificial intelligence theory and its application development. Fourthly, the content structure of the book is quite characteristic, consisting of three parts: (i) knowledge-based artificial intelligence, (ii) data-based artificial intelligence, and (iii) artificial intelligence applications.It is closely related to the core elements of artificial intelligence, namely knowledge, data, algorithms, and computing powers. This reflects the authors' deep understanding of the artificial intelligence discipline.
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