The human drama, and long-term lessons, of the Fukushima nuclear disaster The Fukushima nuclear disaster in March 2011 presented an enormous challenge even to Japan, one of the world's most advanced and organized countries. Failures at all levels—of both the government and the private sector—worsened the human and economic impact of the disaster and ensured that the consequences would continue for many years to come. Based on interviews with more than 300 government officials, power plant operators, and military personnel during the years since the disaster, Meltdown is a meticulous recounting and analysis of the human stories behind the response to the Fukushima disaster. While the people battling to deal with the crisis at the site of the power plant were risking their lives, the government at the highest levels in Tokyo was in disarray and the utility company that operated the plants seemed focused more on power struggles with the government than on dealing with the crisis. The author, one of Japan's most eminent journalists, provides an unrivaled chronological account of the immediate two weeks of human struggle to contain man-made technology that was overwhelmed by nature. Yoichi Funabashi gives insights into why Japan's decisionmaking process failed almost as dramatically as had the Fukushima nuclear reactors, which went into meltdown following a major tsunami. Funabashi uses the Fukushima experience to draw lessons on leadership, governance, disaster resilience, and crisis management—lessons that have universal application and pertinence for an increasingly technology-driven and interconnected global society.
Ando establishes a theory of subjective preference of the sound field in a concert hall, based on preference theory with a model of human auditory- brain system. The model uses the autocorrelation function and the interaural crosscorrelation function for signals arriving at two ear entrances and considers the specialization of human cerebral hemispheres. The theory may be applied to describe primary sensations such as pitch or missing fundamental, loudness, timbre, and duration. The theory may also be applied to visual sensations as well as subjective preference of visual environments. Remarkable findings in activities in both auditory-brain and visual-brain systems in relation to subjective preference as a primitive response are described.
This book deals with methods of measurement and evaluation of environmental noise based on an auditory neural and brain-oriented model. The model consists of the autocorrelation function (ACF) and the interaural cross-correlation function (IACF) mechanisms for signals arriving at the two ear entrances. Even when the sound pressure level of a noise is only about 35 dBA, people may feel annoyed due to the aspects of sound quality. These aspects can be formulated by the factors extracted from the ACF and IACF. Several examples of measuring environmental noise—from outdoor noise such as that of aircraft, traffic, and trains, and indoor noise such as caused by floor impact, toilets, and air-conditioning—are demonstrated. According to the noise measurement and evaluation, applications for sound design are discussed. This book provides an excellent resource for students, researchers, and practitioners in a wide range of fields, such as the automotive, railway, and electronics industries, and soundscape, architecture, and acoustics.
Signal Processing in Auditory Neuroscience: Temporal and Spatial Features of Sound and Speech discusses how the physical attributes of different sounds manifest in neural signals and how to tease-apart their different influences. It includes EEG/MEG as additional variables to be considered when studying neural mechanisms of auditory processing in general, specifically in speech. - Focuses on signal processing in human auditory-neuroscience - Contains information that will be useful to researchers using a MEG/EEG recording of brain activity to study neural mechanisms of auditory processing and speech - Gives an important overview and methodological background for techniques that are useful in human auditory-neuroscience
What is Japan's political role in the world? Over the past decade, Japan has been increasingly pressured to assume more financial and political burdens globally. Its foreign policy has thus evolved in a piecemeal manner, around the question of managing foreign pressures. To date, policy has been largely developed by bureaucrats, who are traditionally responsible for public policy in Japan. The lack of a clear set of foreign policy objectives, however, has made it impossible for the bureaucracy to play its previous role as the arbiter of public interests. Today, there is increased recognition that in a more pluralistic society, nongovernmental public policy specialists are needed to provide a more integrated and longer-term vision of foreign policy goals. This book represents the first private and non- governmental indigenous effort to stimulate public debate of Japanese foreign policy. Japan's International Agenda makes a distinctive contribution to the foreign policy debate. Its contributors are younger Japanese non-governmental foreign affairs specialists, each with considerable international experience and committed to the belief that significant policy reforms are essential. As a statement of Japan's ability to contribute substantially to international policy debates on such broad questions of security and trade and development, Japan's International Agenda will enable scholars and experts in North America, Europe, the Asia-Pacific region, and elsewhere to engage in substantive dialogue on critical public policy issues with their Japanese counterparts. This book represents the first private, indigenous effort to stimulate public debate of Japanese foreign policy. Its contributors are young Japanese foreign affairs specialists, each with considerable international experience and a commitment to the belief that significant policy reforms are essential.
The second edition includes new findings that were only a theory in the first edition, clarifying what is beginning to be proven true. All chapters have been updated, and new data on the analysis of major depressive disorder from exosome microRNA (miRNA) in plasma, traumatic brain injury, and Alzheimer's disease, brain glioma from cerebrospinal fluid miRNA, liver cancer, induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell tumorigenesis, and other topics have been added. As predicted in the first edition, diseases can be predicted using the miRNA memory package (MMP) and miRNA entangling target sorting (METS), which could clarify the etiology of human diseases. Because researchers are investigating the relationship between circulating miRNAs and human diseases to develop new medicines, miRNA deep sequencing and detection methods will be high-speed and clever. The microRNA 2000 Transformer - Quantum Computing and Artificial Intelligence for Health is aimed at intermediate and advanced scientists, clinicians, students, and science enthusiasts. The Author hopes to lay the groundwork for future human health innovation.
Discusses the acoustics and vibrations theories within the framework of modern communication and information science. Topics include: the techniques of signal analysis; sound propagation; intensity distributions; subjective and physiological responses to sound fields; and sound field control.
microRNA (miRNA), like a language, is full of regulators for our lives. Function of miRNAs is simple to tell – for instance, post-transcriptional suppression; however, its mechanisms are more tricky and explanation of miRNAs’ role in evolution causes difficulty even graduated students and top researchers. How exactly is the information of miRNA used? What is the difference between CeRNA theory and RNA wave 2000? What are the real rules for disease induction and cure? When do we use the expression of miRNAs? How do you say, miRNA is information and not epigene? Where does miRNA locate? When are miRNAs transmitted? And so on, and so on. This book would be a practical reference guide to problems of these kinds. But there is no point that is lie or truth. Therefore, the book is intend for not only intermediate and advanced scientists or students but also scientific enthusiasts. Being references, it contains information at various journals, ranging from review articles to very unique articles. Finally readers would decide lie or truth, or near pin or not because research of concept in miRNAs is in progress day by day by over 10,000 references per year on 2016.
Since the publication of the first edition in 1994, this book has attracted constant interests from readers and is by now regarded as a standard reference for the theory of Dirichlet forms. For the present second edition, the authors not only revise
This book focuses on opera house acoustics based on subjective preference theory; it targets researchers in acoustics and vision who are working in physics, psychology and brain physiology. This book helps readers to understand any subjective attributes in relation to objective parameters based on the powerful and workable model of the auditory system. It is reconfirmed here that the well-known Helmholtz theory, which was based on a peripheral model of the auditory system, may not well describe pitch, timbre and duration as well as the spatial sensations described in this book, nor overall responses such as subjective preference of sound fields and the annoyance of environmental noise.
In this book, brain-grounded theory of temporal and spatial design in architecture and the environment is discussed. The author believes that it is a key to solving such global problems as environmental disorders and severe climate change as well as conflicts that are caused by the ill-conceived notion of “time is money”. There are three phases or aspects of a person’s life: the physical life, the spiritual or mental life, and the third stage of life, when a person moves from middle age into old age and can choose what he or she wishes to do instead of simply what must be done. This book describes the temporal design of the environment based on the theory of subjective preference, which could make it possible for an individual to realize a healthy life in all three phases. In his previously published work, the present author wrote that the theory of subjective preference has been established for the sound and visual fields based on neural evidence, and that subjective preference is an overall response of cooperating temporal and spatial factors, associated with the brain’s left and right hemispheres, respectively. In this book, based on that theory, some examples are shown for the temporal design of architecture and the environment, which may play important roles in the development of personality, thus inducing creativity. Also discussed is how all individuals may find their own personality and develop it according to the preferred direction of their individual lives.
To create and establish mutant mice as models for human diseases and traits, various forward and reverse genetics tools are currently available. Newly developed tools of high-throughput identification of novel mutations and site-directed mutagenesis, or gene targeting, in the mouse genome have caused forward and reverse genetics, respectively, to rapidly expand during the last two decades. Worldwide efforts including a variety of international consortiums have been producing many useful mutant mouse strains for functional genomics to elucidate the mechanisms behind diseases and traits. Resource centers and public databases have also been built to enhance their utilities. The modeling has started from Mendelian monogenic traits and has expanded to more complex quantitative traits as well. Multidisciplinary integration among, for example, molecular, cellular, and developmental biology; genetics; genomics; medicine; statistics; and informatics must be orchestrated to fully utilize the resources and knowledge of model mice.
In October 2002 the United States confronted North Korea with suspicions that Pyongyang was enriching uranium in violation of the Agreed Framework that the nations had worked out during the Clinton administration. North Korea subsequently evicted international monitors and resumed its nuclear weapons program. The Peninsula Question chronicles the resulting second Korean nuclear crisis. Japanese journalist Yoichi Funabashi, informed by interviews with more than 160 diplomats and decision makers from China, Japan, Russia, South Korea, and the United States, provides a behind-the-scenes look at the negotiations to denuclearize the peninsula. Between 2002 and 2006, a series of top level diplomats, including the prime minister of Japan, attempted to engage with North Korea. Funabashi illustrates how the individual efforts of these major powers laid the groundwork for multilateral negotiations, first as the trilateral meeting and then as the Six-Party Talks. The first four rounds of talks (2003–2005) resulted in significant progress. Unfortunately, a lack of implementation after that breakthrough ultimately led to North Korea's missile tests in July and subsequent nuclear tests in October 2006. Th e Peninsula Question provides a window of understanding on the historical, geopolitical, and security concerns at play on the Korean peninsula since 2002. Offering multiple perspectives on the second Korean nuclear crisis, it describes more than just the U.S. and North Korean points of view. It pays special attention to China's dealings with North Korea, providing rare insights to into the decision-making processes of Beijing. This is an important, authoritative resource for understanding the crisis in Korea and diplomacy in Northeast Asia.
This book deals with analytic treatments of Markov processes. Symmetric Dirichlet forms and their associated Markov processes are important and powerful tools in the theory of Markov processes and their applications. The theory is well studied and used in various fields. In this monograph, we intend to generalize the theory to non-symmetric and time dependent semi-Dirichlet forms. By this generalization, we can cover the wide class of Markov processes and analytic theory which do not possess the dual Markov processes. In particular, under the semi-Dirichlet form setting, the stochastic calculus is not well established yet. In this monograph, we intend to give an introduction to such calculus. Furthermore, basic examples different from the symmetric cases are given. The text is written for graduate students, but also researchers.
Ghrelin and the ghrelin receptor (GHSR1a) play a central role in growth hormone secretion, food intake, energy metabolism, and other important functions. This book summarizes the present situation of the GHSR1a gene polymorphisms and their genetic effects on growth and fatty acid component traits in domestic animals, humans and rodents. It highlights a unique molecular evolution of the GHSR1a gene among animal species, and its significant genetic and epistatic effects on carcass and fatty acid component traits in a sex-dependent fashion. The volume also shows the overdominance effect of the GHSR1a-DelR242 locus on growth and its molecular mechanisms and the central role of the bovine GHSR1a_5’UTR-(TG) repeat locus in growth and fatty acid component traits in cattle.
The world of wine is fascinating and deep yet when we try to learn more it can seem daunting. It should be fun and not complicated or mysterious. This book is written for wine lovers from beginners to professionals. It was created to gently assist the reader through all the stages of enjoying wine. The author answers all the "why" questions about wine. The "wonders" are easily explained by a logical and scientific approach. These explanations and illustrations prepare the way so that the reader can smoothly move on to the next level. • Do we need some special talent for wine tasting? -> No. -> Just lots of wine tasting. • Why does sunshine matter? -> Because it is the most important factor in judging the appearance of wine. - > We have to look at the appearance carefully. • How should we describe the age? -> This book offers many examples and sample expressions. The author takes the reader in hand to naturally learn the basic parts of wine tasting and further, to be able to express the taste in "wine" terms. "Scientific approach" might sound a bit serious but it really is not. It simply means a consistent and methodical approach.We overlay our logical explanation with a sensory understanding about wine. This book was very carefully conceived and designed to assist the reader in understanding ideas and what we "feel"; our senses. By displaying color samples, graphic charts and pictures, the author's way of sensing wine’s characteristics are easily understood. This is a truly unique book both because of its approach and its "sensory" focus on tasting wine. * Images of all the various factors that make up the aroma > from herbs to sandalwood. • Charts and graphics - > Sensory and holistic understanding of wine by pictures, illustrations, charts and graphs. • High definition photographs of various famous wines in the glass as they appear in actual wine tasting. -> Proprietary photographic technique used to express the detailed color differences between wines. The author is a world class sommelier representing his country in the "World Best Sommelier Competition". His book offers a totally unique scientific and sensory approach to the study of wine. Produced as an encyclopedic wine handbook suited to repeated reading and viewing.
This book offers an easy and compact access to the theory of TeichmA1/4ller spaces, starting from the most elementary aspects to the most recent developments, e.g. the role this theory plays with regard to string theory. TeichmA1/4ller spaces give parametrization of all the complex structures on a given Riemann surface. This subject is related to many different areas of mathematics including complex analysis, algebraic geometry, differential geometry, topology in two and three dimensions, Kleinian and Fuchsian groups, automorphic forms, complex dynamics, and ergodic theory. Recently, TeichmA1/4ller spaces have begun to play an important role in string theory. Imayoshi and Taniguchi have attempted to make the book as self-contained as possible. They present numerous examples and heuristic arguments in order to help the reader grasp the ideas of TeichmA1/4ller theory. The book will be an excellent source of information for graduate students and reserachers in complex analysis and algebraic geometry as well as for theoretical physicists working in quantum theory.
Various environmental issues are related to urban activities. Through the growing recognition of the necessity to develop sustainable urban mana- ment, the University of Tokyo established the Center for Sustainable Urban Regeneration (cSUR) in July 2003. A research program at the cSUR was designed to create an integrated approach and to provide knowledge for s- tainable urban regeneration with the aid of a global network of researchers and professionals, and to coordinate the international research alliance made up of leading academic institutions worldwide. As part of the program, several studies have been conducted focusing on urban environmental problems in Asian megacities such as Tokyo, Taipei, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Bangkok. The following topics in particular were selected for integrated and strategic research supported by researchers from the fields of architecture, civil engineering, and environmental engineering: –Integrated analysis of the urban atmospheric environment and its re- tionship with control of indoor air conditions in East and Southeast Asian countries –Dynamic behavior of urban non-point pollutants in coastal envir- ments The research contains interesting intensive field-monitoring data on the coastal environment and the urban air environment. Topics also include state-of-the-art environmental monitoring and simulation analysis in urban areas. Key aspects of the research in advanced monitoring and the appli- tion of environmental numerical simulation were selected for inclusion in this book. Integrating the monitoring and modeling of urban environments is essential for engineers to identify and investigate environmental problems and their solutions.
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