The dissertation is about the dynamics of public attention in the contemporary media system. What shapes the dynamics of public attention to a social issue across media over time is the primary empirical question that guides the following chapters. Nearly 50 years ago, Downs proposed the now-classic issue attention cycle, which explains the evolution of public attention. His issue attention cycle, along with traditional communication theories, such as agenda setting theory, agenda building theory, and gatekeeping theory, have suggested that a small group of elite organizational actors create and shape public attentiveness to social issues. However, more scholars question whether these traditional media theories can explain the evolution of public attention in today's media system. These scholars challenge the present applicability or appropriateness of these theories. To move forward current theories about public attention, this dissertation examines the conceptualization and causes of public attention by synthesizing literature from agenda setting, agenda building, and gatekeeping and information diffusion studies. Setting climate change as an analysis background, this dissertation unfolds with three empirical studies and realizes three research goals: (1) to clarify what public attention is and propose a robust way to measure it, (2) to disaggregate and typologize the attention from different types of actors on Twitter, and (3) to examine the patterns of public attention across different climate-related events. Findings suggest that: (1) Public attention is conceptually and empirically different from news attention, public opinion, and Twitter attention. Public attention is less volatile, intensive and responsive to the real-life events in contrasting to the news attention and Twitter attention. (2) In terms of the relationship between attention from news, Twitter, and strategic organizations across mass media and digital media over time, Twitter attention is the most volatile and intensive comparing to news, public attention, and public opinion. The impact of strategic organizational attention (measured by press releases) exists at the daily level but does not sustain at the monthly level. (3) In terms of the transmedia diffusion of climate change attention, organizational actors in general are the source and individual actors are the spreaders of attention. Dynamic networks analysis show that individual actors sometimes become the top sources. (4) The event contexts play a role in determining who leads public attention.
This Springer Brief provides a new approach to prevent user spoofing by using the physical properties associated with wireless transmissions to detect the presence of user spoofing. The most common method, applying cryptographic authentication, requires additional management and computational power that cannot be deployed consistently. The authors present the new approach by offering a summary of the recent research and exploring the benefits and potential challenges of this method. This brief discusses the feasibility of launching user spoofing attacks and their impact on the wireless and sensor networks. Readers are equipped to understand several system models. One attack detection model exploits the spatial correlation of received signal strength (RSS) inherited from wireless devices as a foundation. Through experiments in practical environments, the authors evaluate the performance of the spoofing attack detection model. The brief also introduces the DEMOTE system, which exploits the correlation within the RSS trace based on each device’s identity to detect mobile attackers. A final chapter covers future directions of this field. By presenting complex technical information in a concise format, this brief is a valuable resource for researchers, professionals, and advanced-level students focused on wireless network security.
This book argues that the trade-distorting effects of advantages associated with SOEs are more severe from an economic perspective, and the behavior of SOEs after receiving advantages is of more concern, compared to private-owned enterprises (POEs). The premise is that the existence of SOEs per se is not the essential problem; rather, the underlying problems are (i) the disproportionate granting of advantages to SOEs (compared to POEs) and (ii) the behavior of SOEs once they receive advantages. The book offers a systematic analysis focusing on the various advantages granted to SOEs and their subsequent behavior. Its detailed analysis reveals the inadequacy of current WTO rules and is complemented by a number of concrete proposals.
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