This book provides a comprehensive coverage of major channel codes adopted since the 3rd generation of mobile communication. Modulation schemes suitable for 5G mobile communications are also described based on key New Radio application scenarios and performance requirements. It covers low density parity check (LDPC) codes, Polar codes, tail-biting convolutional codes (TBCC) and Turbo codes. Outer codes and a few advanced coding and modulations are also discussed. In addition, it includes detailed illustration of each channel coding scheme such as the basic code structure, decoding algorithms, performance evaluation and complexity analysis. The book offers insights on why and how channel codes are designed and developed in standardization organizations, which significantly facilitates the reading and understanding of the of 5G channel coding technologies. Channel Coding in 5G New Radio will be an essential read for researchers and students of digital communications, wireless communications engineers, and those who are interested in mobile communications in general.
What does it mean for the future of the planet when one of the world’s most durable authoritarian governance systems pursues “ecological civilization”? Despite its staggering pollution and colossal appetite for resources, China exemplifies a model of state-led environmentalism which concentrates decisive political, economic, and epistemic power under centralized leadership. On the face of it, China seems to embody hope for a radical new approach to environmental governance. In this thought-provoking book, Yifei Li and Judith Shapiro probe the concrete mechanisms of China’s coercive environmentalism to show how ‘going green’ helps the state to further other agendas such as citizen surveillance and geopolitical influence. Through top-down initiatives, regulations, and campaigns to mitigate pollution and environmental degradation, the Chinese authorities also promote control over the behavior of individuals and enterprises, pacification of borderlands, and expansion of Chinese power and influence along the Belt and Road and even into the global commons. Given the limited time that remains to mitigate climate change and protect millions of species from extinction, we need to consider whether a green authoritarianism can show us the way. This book explores both its promises and risks.
Provides an up-to-date outline of cell assembly methods and applications of 3D bioprinting Cell Assembly with 3D Bioprinting provides an accesible overview of the layer-by-layer manufacturing of living structures using biomaterials. Focusing on technical implemention in medical and bioengineering applications, this practical guide summarize each key aspect of the 3D bioprinting process. Contributions from a team of leading researchers describe bioink preparation, printing method selection, experimental protocols, integration with specific applications, and more. Detailed, highly illustrated chapters cover different bioprinting approaches and their applications, including coaxial bioprinting, digital light projection, direct ink writing, liquid support bath-assisted 3D printing, and microgel-, microfiber-, and microfluidics-based biofabrication. The book includes practical examples of 3D bioprinting, a protocol for typical 3D bioprinting, and relevant experimental data drawn from recent research. * Highlights the interdisciplinary nature of 3D bioprinting and its applications in biology, medicine, and pharmaceutical science * Summarizes a variety of commonly used 3D bioprinting methods * Describes the design and preparation of various types of bioinks * Discusses applications of 3D bioprinting such as organ development, toxicological research, clinical transplantation, and tissue repair Covering a wide range of topics, Cell Assembly with 3D Bioprinting is essential reading for advanced students, academic researchers, and industry professionals in fields including biomedicine, tissue engineering, bioengineering, drug development, pharmacology, bioglogical screening, and mechanical engineering.
International commercial arbitration relies on the possibility of enforcing arbitral decisions against recalcitrant parties. In China, a crucial world market, where the annual arbitration caseload has reached 200,000 and where arbitration is evolving, authorities attach great importance to judicial review of arbitration. This is the first book to address issues concerning the recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards under applicable law in “Greater China”—the People’s Republic (PRC), Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao—describing and analyzing the effect of judicial review on a wealth of recent issues and cases. After providing an overview of the legal framework for Chinese arbitration and judicial review of arbitration, the book introduces and discusses the law governing the arbitration agreement, due process, the arbitrator’s power, arbitrability, formation of arbitral tribunal, mediation and public policy. In its focus on the various challenges and defenses arising at all stages of the enforcement application process, such issues and topics as the following are covered in detail: • significant judicial interpretations of the Supreme People’s Court as recent as 2018; • examination of the validity of arbitration agreements; • setting aside and enforcement of arbitral awards by PRC arbitration institutions; • role of the New York Convention and other treaties; • succession of contract; • examination of evidence; and • role of competition law and intellectual property law. In the discussion of each case and each type of issue, the book shows clearly what kind of arbitral awards can be recognized and enforced in China and what kind cannot. Comparative studies of foreign laws and practices are included where relevant, and an abundance of primary source material is provided in appendices. Practitioners, global law firms, companies doing transnational business, jurists and academics from all countries concerned with matters regarding international and foreign-related arbitration in China will welcome this invaluable source of detailed information.
This book provides a comprehensive coverage of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) based wireless communications by covering all the technology stages from working principles, theories and algorithms, system architectures, real-world implementations, and programming platforms through performance measurements and system testing. Metasurfaces for Wireless Communications: Designs and Implementations serves as a must-be read for everything related to the use of RIS in wireless networks. Authored by three experts in the field, the book is organized into five in-depth and well-designed chapters. The first chapter discusses the fundamentals of metasurfaces for wireless communications as well as the related evolution and requirements of RIS in 6G. The second chapter is devoted to the modeling and analyses of RIS for wireless communications by including electromagnetic field modeling and theoretical analyses of both large- and small-scale channel models. In Chapter 3, the authors mainly address properties’ characterizations and system design of metasurface devices. Chapter 4 examines relay and system implementations of RIS for wireless communications through basic system models, key design aspects, and system simulations and architectures. Chapter 5 discusses the standardization of RIS-aided wireless communications by providing an overview of the relay technologies, field trials, and roadmaps in 3GPP standardizations. This book serves not only as a comprehensive reference for professional engineers, researchers, manufacturers, network operators, software developers, service providers, and regulatory bodies aiming at the development, standardization, deployment, and applications of B5G and 6G mobile communications, but also as a textbook for graduate students in circuits, signal processing, wireless communications, information theory, microwave technology, and antenna and propagation.
This book presents a selection of the latest arbitration cases, materials, and commentaries from China. It aims to provide information on the theory and practice of arbitration combined. It is intended to provide readers with a useful resource to guide them when they encounter actual China-related arbitration cases. This book is a valuable resource for all practitioners concerned with international and foreign-related arbitration matters in China, global law firms, companies engaged in multinational business, jurists, and academics.
The development of naturally fractured reservoirs, especially shale gas and tight oil reservoirs, exploded in recent years due to advanced drilling and fracturing techniques. However, complex fracture geometries such as irregular fracture networks and non-planar fractures are often generated, especially in the presence of natural fractures. Accurate modelling of production from reservoirs with such geometries is challenging. Therefore, Embedded Discrete Fracture Modeling and Application in Reservoir Simulation demonstrates how production from reservoirs with complex fracture geometries can be modelled efficiently and effectively. This volume presents a conventional numerical model to handle simple and complex fractures using local grid refinement (LGR) and unstructured gridding. Moreover, it introduces an Embedded Discrete Fracture Model (EDFM) to efficiently deal with complex fractures by dividing the fractures into segments using matrix cell boundaries and creating non-neighboring connections (NNCs). A basic EDFM approach using Cartesian grids and advanced EDFM approach using Corner point and unstructured grids will be covered. Embedded Discrete Fracture Modeling and Application in Reservoir Simulation is an essential reference for anyone interested in performing reservoir simulation of conventional and unconventional fractured reservoirs. - Highlights the current state-of-the-art in reservoir simulation of unconventional reservoirs - Offers understanding of the impacts of key reservoir properties and complex fractures on well performance - Provides case studies to show how to use the EDFM method for different needs
This book presents a selection of the latest arbitration cases, materials, and commentaries from China. It aims to provide information on the theory and practice of arbitration combined. It is intended to provide readers with a useful resource to guide them when they encounter actual China-related arbitration cases. This book is a valuable resource for all practitioners concerned with international and foreign-related arbitration matters in China, global law firms, companies engaged in multinational business, jurists, and academics.
Theory and Technology of Multiscale Dispersed Particle Gel for in-depth Profile Control systematically introduces concepts surrounding preparation principles and methods of DPG particles. The whole preparation process can be divided into two major stages: bulk gel crosslinking reaction period and DPG particle preparation period. The effects of bulk gel strength, shearing time, shearing rate and bulk gel-water ratio on PDPG particles are also systematically analyzed. Zirconium bulk gel, phenolic resin bulk gel, and organic-inorganic cross-linked bulk gel with short gelation time on the ground are introduced, along with gelation properties, gelation influencing factors, thermal stability and applicable conditions. This book systematically describes the theory and technology of multiscale dispersed particle gel which shows promise as an acceptable alternative to conventional water technologies needed for enhanced oil recovery in high water cut mature oilfields. - Systematically describes the theory and technology of multiscale dispersed particle gel - Shows the details of each technology and how easy it is to achieve industrial production of DPG (dispersed particle gel particles) - Presents technical achievements from 20 successful, established industrial production lines and 17 oilfields at home and abroad - Includes the development of three new technologies based on DPG particles
The development of naturally fractured reservoirs, especially shale gas and tight oil reservoirs, exploded in recent years due to advanced drilling and fracturing techniques. However, complex fracture geometries such as irregular fracture networks and non-planar fractures are often generated, especially in the presence of natural fractures. Accurate modelling of production from reservoirs with such geometries is challenging. Therefore, Embedded Discrete Fracture Modeling and Application in Reservoir Simulation demonstrates how production from reservoirs with complex fracture geometries can be modelled efficiently and effectively. This volume presents a conventional numerical model to handle simple and complex fractures using local grid refinement (LGR) and unstructured gridding. Moreover, it introduces an Embedded Discrete Fracture Model (EDFM) to efficiently deal with complex fractures by dividing the fractures into segments using matrix cell boundaries and creating non-neighboring connections (NNCs). A basic EDFM approach using Cartesian grids and advanced EDFM approach using Corner point and unstructured grids will be covered. Embedded Discrete Fracture Modeling and Application in Reservoir Simulation is an essential reference for anyone interested in performing reservoir simulation of conventional and unconventional fractured reservoirs. - Highlights the current state-of-the-art in reservoir simulation of unconventional reservoirs - Offers understanding of the impacts of key reservoir properties and complex fractures on well performance - Provides case studies to show how to use the EDFM method for different needs
This book provides a comprehensive coverage of major channel codes adopted since the 3rd generation of mobile communication. Modulation schemes suitable for 5G mobile communications are also described based on key New Radio application scenarios and performance requirements. It covers low density parity check (LDPC) codes, Polar codes, tail-biting convolutional codes (TBCC) and Turbo codes. Outer codes and a few advanced coding and modulations are also discussed. In addition, it includes detailed illustration of each channel coding scheme such as the basic code structure, decoding algorithms, performance evaluation and complexity analysis. The book offers insights on why and how channel codes are designed and developed in standardization organizations, which significantly facilitates the reading and understanding of the of 5G channel coding technologies. Channel Coding in 5G New Radio will be an essential read for researchers and students of digital communications, wireless communications engineers, and those who are interested in mobile communications in general.
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