The foundation for targeted therapy of cancers driven by members of the ErbB oncoprotein family was established initially by the demonstration that ectodomain binding monoclonal antibodies (mAb) could disable the protein kinase encoded by the HER2/neu oncogene. Homomeric and heteromeric erbB kinases play critical roles in the development of cancer and in the spread of early lesions. In particular, antibodies targeting the p185erbB2/neu receptor provide major clinical benefits in the treatment of breast cancer and also stomach cancer. As suggested by our study with oncogenic neu transgenic mice, anti-p185erbB2/neu antibodies are also effective in preventing the tissue hyperplasia that precedes tumorigenesis, tumor growth and the dissemination of ErbB2/neu kinase-positive cells into other tissues. As a therapeutic principle, “reversion of phenotype” for established tumors and “prevention” of tumorigenesis and spread can explain the basis for the benefits invoked by therapeutic and adjuvant therapies for breast cancer patients after cancers are surgically removed. These emerging principles being enlightened by ongoing studies of monoclonal antibody therapy will continue to provide guidance for the development of new targeted therapies for resistant tumors that arise after treatment.
This new edition describes pressure and temperature sensitive paints (PSP and TSP) in global surface pressure and temperature measurements in aerodynamics and fluid mechanics. The book includes the latest progress in paint formulations, instrumentation, and steady and unsteady aerodynamic measurements in various facilities including low-speed, transonic, supersonic and hypersonic wind tunnels. The updated technical aspects of PSP and TSP in the book will be useful for students and researchers in experimental aerodynamics and fluid mechanics.
Yasuhiro Nakasone's rise to political prominence began under the watchful eye of the American occupation with which he had a direct and confrontational relationship, arguing for the ending of the occupation and the restoration of sovereignty to Japan. Nakasone argued for Japan's need to become a 'normal' nation which in his view involved an enhanced international role for Japan and an enhanced role for the prime minister in domestic policy-making. Both ideas have come to win an increasingly broad acceptance, although Nakasone's slow rise to the position of prime minister bears testament to the controversy aroused by his views. These political memoirs chart the journey from his youth in the aftermath of the First World War to his appearance on the world stage at the side of President Reagan. They conclude with his thoughts, on the eve of the domestic upheavals which saw the fall of the LDP, on the prospects for a third 'opening' of Japan to rival the Meiji Restoration and the MacArthur reforms. Now an adviser to a younger generation of politicians, he is regarded by many as a modern-day Genro for Japan.
This book offers a primer on the fundamental theory of Andreev reflection, a fundamental process in the motion of a Cooper pair, which dominates low-energy electronic transport properties in superconductor junctions including differential conductance and Josephson current. The book concisely describes how Andreev reflection impacts the low-energy physics of electronic transport especially in topologically non-trivial superconductor junctions. In addition, it includes an introduction to topological superconductors, covering topological classification, chiral and helical superconductors, and topological edges. The book is based on the author’s lecture notes, used in his intensive lectures and while supervising his upper undergraduate and early graduate students. To fully benefit from this concise primer, readers only need an undergraduate background in quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics. Further, by highlighting Josephson junctions of topological superconductors, the book offers readers a glimpse into cutting-edge topics.
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