Lviv has a long scientific tradition. The present book provides the panoramic overview of the development of exact sciences in the city from the beginning of “scientific studies” (from the middle of the 17th century, when the Lviv University was founded) to World War II. The history of Lviv scientific centers, namely, the Lviv University, the Lviv Polytechnic and the Shevchenko Scientific Society, is presented. Other chapters are devoted to exact sciences, i.e. mathematics, physics and astronomy. The book will appeal to wide audience interested in the history of Lviv, the development of scientific knowledge and higher education in the city.