The book discusses the following matters relating to the development of private enterprise in China: market competition; finance; taxation; internal governance; labour and management skills; technological challenges; laws and government administrative regulations."--Introduction.
Between 1978 and 2006, GDP growth in China maintained an annual average rate of 9.7%, meaning the Chinese economy increased by more than twelve times. This was achieved with quite unorthodox approaches to reform and development as China has adopted a gradualist approach to adopting key institutions, as well as modifying and experimenting with traditional recipes for economic growth. This collection brings together key researchers in the field from Asia, US, Europe and Australia to discuss how China has managed to push forward reforms in the face of political resistance, how the Chinese economy has maintained growth within an imperfect institutionalist environment and how the Chinese government remains effective when it relinquishes its power to the market. Specific emphasis is paid to the relevance of China’s experiences to other developing countries. This valuable contribution to the study of China’s economy covers a wide range of topics, including the historical foundations of the 30 years of reform, law and development in China, foreign direct investment, poverty reduction, market integration, income distribution, social protection, as well as demographics and population. Reform and Development in China finds both unique elements to the Chinese experience and elements which can be applied to other developing countries. In particular, China’s gradualism in economic reform, strong leadership, and emphasis on inclusive development are singled out to be potentially transferable to other developing countries. This collection will be of interest to postgraduate students and researchers as well as practitioners in development economics.
This book reviews the development of physics-based modeling and sensor-based data fusion for optimizing medical decision making in connection with spatiotemporal cardiovascular disease processes. To improve cardiac care services and patients’ quality of life, it is very important to detect heart diseases early and optimize medical decision making. This book introduces recent research advances in machine learning, physics-based modeling, and simulation optimization to fully exploit medical data and promote the data-driven and simulation-guided diagnosis and treatment of heart disease. Specifically, it focuses on three major topics: computer modeling of cardiovascular systems, physiological signal processing for disease diagnostics and prognostics, and simulation optimization in medical decision making. It provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in personalized cardiac modeling by integrating physics-based knowledge of the cardiovascular system with machine learning and multi-source medical data. It also discusses the state-of-the-art in electrocardiogram (ECG) signal processing for the identification of disease-altered cardiac dynamics. Lastly, it introduces readers to the early steps of optimal decision making based on the integration of sensor-based learning and simulation optimization in the context of cardiac surgeries. This book will be of interest to researchers and scholars in the fields of biomedical engineering, systems engineering and operations research, as well as professionals working in the medical sciences.
This book is devoted to the technology and methodology of individual travel behavior analysis and refined travel information extraction. Traditional resident trip surveys are characterized by many shortcomings, such as subjective memory errors, difficulty in organization and high cost. Therefore, in this book, a set of refined extraction and analysis techniques for individual travel activities is proposed. It provides a solid foundation for the optimization and reconstruction of traffic theoretical models, urban traffic planning, management and decision-making. This book helps traffic engineering researchers, traffic engineering technicians and traffic industry managers understand the difficulties and challenges faced by transportation big data. Additionally, it helps them adapt to changes in traffic demand and the technological environment to achieve theoretical innovation and technological reform.
The commercial operation of the bullet train in 1964 in Japan marked the beginning of a new era for high-speed railways. Because of the huge amount of kinetic energy carried at high speeds, a train may interact significantly with the bridge and even resonate with it under certain circumstances. Equally important is the riding comfort of the train cars, which relates closely to the maneuverability of the train during its passage over the bridge at high speeds.This book is unique in that it is devoted entirely to the interaction between the supporting bridges and moving trains, the so-called vehicle-bridge interaction (VBI). Finite element procedures have been developed to treat interaction problems of various complexities, while the analytical solutions established for some typical problems are helpful for identifying the key parameters involved. Besides, some field tests were conducted to verify the theories established.This book provides an up-to-date coverage of research conducted on various aspects of the VBI problems. Using the series of VBI elements derived, the authors study a number of frontier problems, including the impact response of bridges with elastic bearings, the dynamic response of curved beam to moving centrifugal forces, the stability and derailment of trains moving over bridges shaken by earthquakes, the impact response of two trains crossing on a bridge, the steady-state response of trains moving over elevated bridges, and so on.
The I Am Healthy series comprises children's picture books that tackle pressing issues facing children today, as identified by healthcare professionals from the Child Guidance Clinic, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore. Each book draws from the experiences of psychiatrists, psychologists and counsellors who have counselled countless children regarding everything from digital addiction to eating disorders. Using a story-based approach, each book contains a relatable story that will help children understand themselves better, and be able to take practical steps to grow, develop and change. These books can be used by educators in schools, by counsellors and doctors in counselling sessions, and by parents who are helping their children cope with their emotions and struggles.This set includes three titles:
Monograf ini meninjau budaya makanan dua kumpulan Cina Peranakan yang menetap di pantai timur Semenanjung Malaysia, iaitu Cina Peranakan Tirok di negeri Terengganu dan Cina Peranakan Pasir Parit di negeri Kelantan. Tumpuan utamanya adalah terhadap dua jenis makanan yang memperlihatkan kedinamikan kedua-dua kumpulan Cina Peranakan ini menyelaraskan identiti mereka, iaitu identiti Melayu yang dipupuk menerusi proses akulturasi dan identiti asal yang diwarisi daripada generasi awal. Dua jenis makanan tersebut ialah makanan harian dan makanan upacara penyembahan nenek moyang. Dari segi makanan harian, kedua-dua kumpulan Cina Peranakan ini amat dipengaruhi oleh budaya makanan penduduk Melayu tempatan. Dengan kata lain, makanan harian mereka menonjolkan proses lokalisasi makanan yang cukup ketara. Walau bagaimanapun, makanan harian yang disediakan oleh mereka itu turut terdiri daripada makanan hibrid yang mengadunkan budaya makanan yang berbeza. Biarpun makanan hibrid ini hanya disediakan sekali sekala, ia tetap merupakan satu kontradiksi dalaman kepada budaya makanan harian mereka, lebih-lebih lagi makanan hibrid tersebut rata-rata membabitkan penggunaan bahan masakan yang istimewa kepada orang Cina tetapi dilarang oleh agama Islam. Sementara itu, makanan upacara penyembahan nenek moyang yang disediakan oleh mereka itu bertujuan untuk memperkukuh ikatan primordial mereka dan oleh itu, makanan tersebut terdiri daripada makanan yang sama ada memperlihatkan identiti makanan Cina yang ketara atau simbolisme makanan yang dapat mendukung pengekalan dan kesinambungan salasilah keturunan dan persanakan keluarga mereka. Namun, terdapat juga kontradiksi dalaman dari segi penyediaan makanan ini kerana sesetengah makanan yang disediakan oleh mereka itu terdiri daripada makanan tempatan dan makanan hibrid yang menyebabkan penghakisan identiti primordial mereka. Pendek kata, kedua-dua jenis makanan ini menonjolkan kekompleksitian Cina Peranakan Tirok dan Pasir Parit menyelaraskan identiti mereka menerusi budaya makanan mereka yang bersifat silang budaya itu.
The youth who carried out the blood feud was sent to the barracks and grew up to be a special Soldier King. When he returned to the land he grew up on, he exposed the dark curtain from eighteen years ago under the sunlight. However, what surprised him was that this matter did not only involve the truth about the past, the various powers behind the truth had also surfaced ...
Cina Peranakan merupakan sekumpulan subetnik Cina di negara ini. Mereka memperlihatkan identiti yang amat berbeza daripada orang Cina jati. Identiti mereka terdiri daripada identiti Cina yang diwarisi daripada generasi awal dan identiti yang dipupuk menerusi akulturasi oleh penduduk tempatan. Kebanyakan kajian tentang Cina Peranakan di negara ini tertumpu kepada Cina Peranakan yang menetap di pantai barat Semenanjung Malaysia, terutamanya Baba dan Nyonya dari negeri Melaka dan Pulau Pinang. Padahal, terdapat juga sekumpulan Cina Peranakan yang besar yang menetap di pantai timur Semenanjung Malaysia, terutamanya negeri Kelantan. Malangnya, Cina Peranakan Kelantan tidak banyak dikaji oleh sarjana sedangkan amalan budaya mereka agak berbeza daripada Cina Peranakan yang menetap di pantai barat dan wajar diberikan perhatian yang setimpal. Lagipun, kehidupan sosiobudaya mereka menyumbang kepada pengkayaan sosiobudaya negeri Kelantan. Monograf ini mengkaji Cina Peranakan Kelantan dengan memilih Cina Peranakan Kampung Pasir Parit sebagai satu kajian kes atas dua sebab utama. Pertama, mereka merupakan kumpulan Cina Peranakan yang terbesar di negeri Kelantan. Kedua, mereka tidak diserap oleh masyarakat Cina jati dan masih mengekalkan kebanyakan identiti Peranakan mereka.
The comparative analysis of historical linguistics focuses on reconstructing ancient patterns based on diachronic records and typological data from several languages or dialects in a language group. The ultimate aim of the comparative reconstruction which requires significant cross-linguistic observation and theoretical reasoning is to demonstrate the historical process of language changes. This book considers the diachronic development of both the Chinese language and the Naxi language, focusing particularly upon six contentious linguistic issues that are associated with various linguistic changes in most areas of the grammar of these languages, including phonological changes, semantic changes, syntactic changes, and contact-induced changes. These linguistic issues are: (1) tonal splits in proto-checked syllables and subgrouping of Loloish; (2) the semantic development of RETURN–还 in Chinese; (3) the semantic development of TAKE–把 in Chinese; (4) the development of agentive passive markers in certain dialects of Chinese; (5) definiteness and nominalization, relativization, and genitivization in Chinese; and (6) the development of nominalization, relativization, and genitivization in Naxi. This volume provides new methods and perspectives through which these issues can be analyzed and resolved on the basis of typological and diachronic evidence. It uses cross-linguistic data from Chinese and the Tibeto-Burman languages in order to reconstruct various diachronic developments in Chinese and Naxi.
The Encyclopedia, the first of its kind, introduces Confucianism as a whole, with 1,235 entries giving full information on its history, doctrines, schools, rituals, sacred places and terminology, and on the adaptation, transformation and new thinking taking place in China and other Eastern Asian countries. An indispensable source for further study and research for students and scholars.
Can we know what there is not? This book examines the historical development of the concept of the cognition of nonexistent objects in several major Buddhist philosophical schools. Beginning with a study of the historical development of the concept in Mahasamghika, Darstantika, Yogacara and Sautrantika, it evaluates how successfully they have argued against the extreme view of their main opponent the Sarvastivadins and established their view that one can know what there is not. It also includes thematic studies on the epistemological issues of nonexistence, discussing making sense of empty terms, controversies over negative judgments, and a proper classification of the conceptions of nothing or nonexistence. Taking a comparative approach to these topics, this book considers contemporary Western philosophers such as Husserl, Heidegger, Meinong and Russell alongside representative figures of the Buddhist Pramana School. Based on first-hand study of primary sources in Sanskrit, Chinese and Tibetan, Nonexistent Objects in Buddhist Philosophy makes available the rich discussions and debates on the epistemological issues of nonexistence in Buddhist philosophy to students and researchers in Asian and comparative philosophy.
The three great immortal realms, the seven divine realms, and the countless planets orbiting around the Celestial Realm gave birth to powerful ancient gods that guarded the Heavenly God Realm to maintain the balance of the universe. However, 100,000 years ago, during the battle at dusk, there were no gods left in the universe, and a hundred thousand years later, on an inconspicuous planet, a youth unfortunately fell and resurrected from the Heavenly God Realm, becoming the peerless Divine Master who ruled the world from the ancient times.
Identifies three building blocks that have contributed to China's success: decentralization, an encompassing state, and volitional pragmatism. Discusses the interplay between these three factors that has shaped China's reform trajectory.
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