This paper seeks to illuminate the uncertainty in official GDP per capita measures using auxiliary data. Using satellite-recorded nighttime lights as an additional measurement of true GDP per capita, we provide a statistical framework, in which the error in official GDP per capita may depend on the country’s statistical capacity and the relationship between nighttime lights and true GDP per capita can be nonlinear and vary with geographic location. This paper uses recently developed results for measurement error models to identify and estimate the nonlinear relationship between nighttime lights and true GDP per capita and the nonparametric distribution of errors in official GDP per capita data. We then construct more precise and robust measures of GDP per capita using nighttime lights, official national accounts data, statistical capacity, and geographic locations. We find that GDP per capita measures are less precise for middle and low income countries and nighttime lights can play a bigger role in improving such measures.
This paper presents a novel framework to estimate the elasticity between nighttime lights and quarterly economic activity. The relationship is identified by accounting for varying degrees of measurement errors in nighttime light data across countries. The estimated elasticity is 1.55 for emerging markets and developing economies, ranging from 1.36 to 1.81 across country groups and robust to different model specifications. The paper uses a light-adjusted measure of quarterly economic activity to show that higher levels of development, statistical capacity, and voice and accountability are associated with more precise national accounts data. The elasticity allows quantification of subnational economic impacts. During the COVID-19 pandemic, regions with higher levels of development and population density experienced larger declines in economic activity.
This book introduces readers to the principles and practical applications of intelligent robot system with robot operating system (ROS), pursuing a task-oriented and hands-on approach. Taking the conception, design, implementation, and operation of robot application systems as a typical project, and through “learning-by-doing, practicing-while-learning” approach, it familiarizes readers with ROS-based intelligent robot system design and development step by step. The topics covered include ROS principles, mobile robot control, Lidar, simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), navigation, manipulator control, image recognition, vision calibration, object grasping, vision SALM, etc., with typical practical application tasks throughout the book, which are essential to mastering development methods for intelligent robot system. Easy to follow and rich in content, the book can be used at colleges and universities as learning material and a teaching reference book for “intelligent robot,” “autonomous intelligent system,” “robotics principles,” and “robot system application development with ROS” in connection with automation, robotics engineering, artificial intelligence (AI), mechatronics, and other related majors. The book can assist in mastering the development and design of robot systems and provide the necessary theoretical and practical references to cultivate robot system development capabilities and can be used as teaching material for engineering training and competitions, or for reference, self-study, and training by engineering and technical personnel, teachers, and anyone who wants to engage in intelligent robot system development and design.
A young man who had been inextricably linked with the number 12 since birth had died on his twelfth day of life and his grandfather on his twelfth birthday. Now, on his twenty-fourth birthday, what would happen? One imprint, one year old, one dead. Two Wheels Breaking Three Souls, who knows what happened in the fourth seal?
A young man who had been inextricably linked with the number 12 since birth had died on his twelfth day of life and his grandfather on his twelfth birthday. Now, on his twenty-fourth birthday, what would happen? One imprint, one year old, one dead. Two Wheels Breaking Three Souls, who knows what happened in the fourth seal?
The youth who carried out the blood feud was sent to the barracks and grew up to be a special Soldier King. When he returned to the land he grew up on, he exposed the dark curtain from eighteen years ago under the sunlight. However, what surprised him was that this matter did not only involve the truth about the past, the various powers behind the truth had also surfaced ...
A young man who had been inextricably linked with the number 12 since birth had died on his twelfth day of life and his grandfather on his twelfth birthday. Now, on his twenty-fourth birthday, what would happen? One imprint, one year old, one dead. Two Wheels Breaking Three Souls, who knows what happened in the fourth seal?
A white bone brush, drawing out all the forms in the world. It was a piece of brown paper, stating that the world was clean and turbid. Grandfather is a painter, but what he drew wasn't what you could see ... Fusheng new work, please support! It was 8 AM, 10 PM, and 12 PM. Please look forward to it! Fushe's new book is open. "Metamorphosis", please pay attention!
Solid mechanics problems have long been regarded as bottlenecks in the development of elasticity. In contrast to traditional solution methodologies, such as Timoshenko's theory of elasticity for which the main technique is the semi-inverse method, this book presents a new approach based on the Hamiltonian principle and the symplectic duality system where solutions are derived in a rational manner in the symplectic space. Departing from the conventional Euclidean space with one kind of variable, the symplectic space with dual variables thus provides a fundamental breakthrough. This book explains the new solution methodology by discussing plane isotropic elasticity, multiple layered plate, anisotropic elasticity, sectorial plate and thin plate bending problems in some detail. A number of existing problems without analytical solutions within the framework of classical approaches are solved analytically using this symplectic approach. Symplectic methodologies can be applied not only to problems in elasticity, but also to other solid mechanics problems. In addition, it can also be extended to various engineering mechanics and mathematical physics fields, such as vibration, wave propagation, control theory, electromagnetism and quantum mechanics.
Zhang Wendong was forced to secretly take photos of the President's criminal evidence. He didn't expect to discover the dirty business between the nurse and the President ... The little guy had snuck into the hospital and struggled against the power of money, eventually turning the office of the dean into his own harem.
A History of China's Financial Thought presents the history and evolution of China's financial thought across its dynasties to the 20th century. Being the first work to cover both the ancient and modern ages, even going as far back as the Pre-Qin period, this comprehensive book fills in research gaps and provides the most thorough research into the history of China's financial thought, advancing the study of financial and economic history. It delves into a myriad of topics, such as monetary theory and banking systems, and collects diverse perspectives from thinkers across the different eras.This translation presents the history of China's financial thought in a pioneering and unique way, offering an instructive reading experience. It is an essential reference for students and scholars interested in China's finance, history and culture.
A white bone brush, drawing out all the forms in the world. It was a piece of brown paper, stating that the world was clean and turbid. Grandfather is a painter, but what he drew wasn't what you could see ... Fusheng new work, please support! It was 8 AM, 10 PM, and 12 PM. Please look forward to it! Fushe's new book is open. "Metamorphosis", please pay attention!
Europe Under Stress: Convergence and Divergence in the European Community is the second of two volumes which flow from a Chatham House project on the political implications of economic divergence in the European Community, funded by the Social Science Research Council. This second volume offers an interpretation of the problems that divergence poses for the European Community in a number of key sectors, from the perspective of a political economist. This book begins with a discussion of the concepts of convergence and divergence followed by an explanation of the methodology adopted in this book. The remaining chapters are organized into two parts. The chapters in Part I examine the attitudes of the major EEC member states to the convergence/divergence issue and what the terms mean for each of them. This part also attempts to relate these positions to the concerns and interests of the countries involved. The chapters in Part II analyze the impact of economic divergence on community policies.
The Encyclopedia, the first of its kind, introduces Confucianism as a whole, with 1,235 entries giving full information on its history, doctrines, schools, rituals, sacred places and terminology, and on the adaptation, transformation and new thinking taking place in China and other Eastern Asian countries. An indispensable source for further study and research for students and scholars.
Reviews the latest research breakthroughs and applications Since the discovery of carbon nanotubes in 1991, one-dimensional nanostructures have been at the forefront of nanotechnology research, promising to provide the building blocks for a new generation of nanoscale electronic and optoelectronic devices. With contributions from 68 leading international experts, this book reviews both the underlying principles as well as the latest discoveries and applications in the field, presenting the state of the technology. Readers will find expert coverage of all major classes of one-dimensional nanostructures, including carbon nanotubes, semiconductor nanowires, organic molecule nanostructures, polymer nanofibers, peptide nanostructures, and supramolecular nanostructures. Moreover, the book offers unique insights into the future of one-dimensional nanostructures, with expert forecasts of new research breakthroughs and applications. One-Dimensional Nanostructures collects and analyzes a wealth of key research findings and applications, with detailed coverage of: Synthesis Properties Energy applications Photonics and optoelectronics applications Sensing, plasmonics, electronics, and biosciences applications Practical case studies demonstrate how the latest applications work. Tables throughout the book summarize key information, and diagrams enable readers to grasp complex concepts and designs. References at the end of each chapter serve as a gateway to the literature in the field. With its clear explanations of the underlying principles of one-dimensional nanostructures, this book is ideal for students, researchers, and academics in chemistry, physics, materials science, and engineering. Moreover, One-Dimensional Nanostructures will help readers advance their own investigations in order to develop the next generation of applications.
The three great immortal realms, the seven divine realms, and the countless planets orbiting around the Celestial Realm gave birth to powerful ancient gods that guarded the Heavenly God Realm to maintain the balance of the universe. However, 100,000 years ago, during the battle at dusk, there were no gods left in the universe, and a hundred thousand years later, on an inconspicuous planet, a youth unfortunately fell and resurrected from the Heavenly God Realm, becoming the peerless Divine Master who ruled the world from the ancient times.
He had thought that she would be waiting for the Crown Prince to become a bit older before she took the throne again. However, never did he expect that on New Year's Eve, she would secretly spread the news that the current Prime Minister, Chen Shaomin, had entered her inner palace and handed over a letter for him to pass on to the crown prince.Accompanied by Chen Shaoming, Ouyang Siyi hurriedly rushed to the peak of the Eyebrow and personally buried the Queen Mother's corpse next to the Royal Father's tombstone, kowtowing three times."From then on, every New Year's Eve, there would always be two snow geese standing on top of the two tombstones, unwilling to part with them.
Where is life to return to Hong, stormy in the martial arts world. When you bend over, you know what it means to be humiliated. When you look back, you can see your head bobbing up and down. His name was Lu Lu, who wasn't trapped within and struggling with all their might ... Perhaps this was his dream. This book has neither transmigrated nor become a fantasy, but it is simply about a colorful martial world: the tragic song of a prodigal son on an ancient road in the setting sun, the heroic demeanor of the desert in the sands of the earth, the thrilling killing and burning of a high moon and night, the windy and drizzling of the south of the river, the snow-capped wilderness, those tragic and moving love legends that make people mourn over their memories and think about their deaths ... [Previous Chapter] [Table of Contents] [Next Chapter] The story was written by Song Renzong from the north. Close]
As the famous sociologist Fei Xiaotong argued, “the real life of most Chinese can only be seen in the villages.” Peasants not only comprise a significant part of the Chinese population but represent a distinctive culture and one that is expressed in its own particular way. This makes for an important area of study for scholars in communication studies. This volume investigates how Chinese peasants express their culture and adapt to social change. The author’s research consists of participant observation and interviews of shadow puppetry artists in Guanzhong, China, illustrating how peasant artists have adapted to the historical and social changes since the founding of the People’s Republic of China. He discovers that Chinese peasants integrate urban popular culture with their own aesthetic criteria, even if the mainstream discourse of the Chinese community overlooks the subjectivity of peasants. He goes on to put forwards a creative analytical framework for the studies of the dynamics of “subject-time-space.” Scholars and students of anthropology, sociology, and communication studies, especially rural communication studies, will find this an ideal case study.
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