Trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) play a crucial role in shaping China's development strategies. The development of China's economy creates strong pressures for continuous restructuring. China therefore explores how trade and FDI affect China's development strategies regarding the process and pattern of restructuring. The book aims to provide the reader with findings that shed new light on the related issues and problems. The first chapter introduces the topics, and subsequent chapters enter into theoretical discussion and empirical analysis of trade, FDI, and development strategies, followed by a concluding final chapter. - Based on a rigorous theoretical framework - Applies various statistical and econometric methods - Uses rich and comprehensive data
Substantial disparities across different Chinese regions are one of the most prominent features in China’s development process. This book investigates the mechanisms through which openness affects regional economic growth and interregional disparities in China. Based on the latest data and employing a variety of panel data regression techniques, it provides readers with new findings that shed light on the effects of openness on China’s regional economic growth and the evolution of the country’s interregional disparities.
This book is on globalization and sustainable growth in China. Thanks to the market-oriented policy reforms initiated in the late 1970s, China has achieved spectacular economic growth over the past several decades, and its economic structure has experienced great transformation. In the meantime, in the general context of globalization, the whole country has also gradually opened up to foreign trade and foreign direct investment, transforming itself from a virtually completely closed economy to a major trading nation and the largest developing-country destination for foreign direct investment in the world. In the first three chapters of this book, we investigate the potential and actual mechanisms and channels through which globalization, especially openness to foreign trade and foreign direct investment, affects industrial development and growth disparities in China. The current wave of globalization has encouraged economic growth in the world economy and affected all sides of international economic involvement. In the next four chapters of the book, we study China and the world economy. We first join the line of research on the trade frictions between China and the United States, including an analytical chapter on trade imbalance and protectionist policy, and an empirical chapter on business cycle synchronization between China and the US. A chapter on growth cycles in the BRICS is also included to explore growth and trade linkages among these five emerging market economies. A new “conventional wisdom” on globalization is that trade and financial openness do not lead to higher economic growth by themselves, in the absence of institutional reforms. Motivated by the Chinese experience, we develop an analytical framework in the last chapter to examine the case of growth targeting in China and draw policy implication for LDCs on how to achieve positive and sustainable economic growth. This book provides the readers with new facts and new findings that shed light on their understanding of globalization and sustainable growth in China.
There is a growing concern among Chinese researchers and policymakers about China’s industrial development being unsustainable and the irreversible depletion of natural resources and deterioration of the ecological environment. The relationship between industrial development, pollution and the environmental quality is an important issue that deserves careful study. Environmental considerations play a crucial role in shaping China’s development strategies. Green development of China creates strong pressures for continuous transforming, upgrading and restructuring of the Chinese economy. This book explores how China’s industrial development relates to pollution and environmental quality, and how considerations about such issues associated with the ecological system affect China’s development strategies.
This book explores how China’s industrial transformation and development depend on technology and innovation and how considerations about issues associated with technology and innovation may affect China’s development strategies. Market-oriented reforms initiated four decades ago have constantly fueled a high speed of development in China. The country’s industrial structure has experienced rapid evolution. In the meantime, especially in the general context of globalization, the country has also opened to foreign trade and foreign direct investment, transforming itself from a virtually completely closed economy into a major trading nation and the largest developing country destination for foreign direct investment in the world. Technology is thought to be one of the key driving forces that shape the transformation of the Chinese economy. Owing to different speeds of innovation and technology diffusion, uneven development is one major issue in the process of China’s industrial transformation under new trends of globalization. Substantial disparities across different Chinese regions, e.g., the gaps in regional industrial development and those in incomes and living standards, have been one prominent feature of China and are (needless to say) closely related to different speeds of innovation and technology diffusion. The relationship between technology diffusion, innovation, and industrial development is an important yet complicated issue that deserves careful study. Considerations related to technology and innovation play a crucial role in leading and shaping China’s development strategies and routes. Sustainable development of China creates strong pressures for continuous transforming, upgrading, and restructuring of the Chinese economy, and in all of these processes, innovation and technology diffusion play a fundamental role. The book presents to the interested reader facts, thoughts, models, empirical results, and discussions that shed light on those issues.
This book focuses on the key determinants of China’s sustainable development in the general context of globalization from an environmental perspective. The author presents expert analysis on China’s role in the world economy, trade openness, cross-border investments and sustainable development in China. Readers will gain an in-depth understanding of various important issues concerning China’s current and future environmentally sustainable development in this new era of globalization.
This book offers an integrated and contextualised framework for learning and development (L&D) effectiveness that addresses both the nature of L&D and its antecedents and outcomes in organisations. Scholars and practitioners alike have recognised the important role that L&D plays in organisations, where the development of human capital is an essential component of individual employability, career advancement, organisational performance, and competitive advantage. The development of employees’ knowledge, skills, and attitudes constitutes one of the most important HR challenges that organisations face. The evidence indicates that organisations continue to invest in L&D programmes as part of their HR strategy. In addition, there has been an enormous growth in research on L&D in organisations; however, there is some ambiguity concerning the effectiveness of these activities and it largely remains unclear how they can be best implemented. This book seeks to address this gap in the literature. The authors propose a framework for L&D effectiveness based on key findings from reviews, empirical research, and meta-analyses, as well as previously established theoretical frameworks within the field. Combining theory and practice, the new framework this book offers provides key guidance for L&D practitioners and researches interested in the area.
Authored by researchers and practitioners who build cutting-edge federated learning applications to solve real-world problems, this book covers the spectrum of federated learning technology from concepts and application scenarios to advanced algorithms and finally system implementation in three parts. It provides a comprehensive review and summary of federated learning technology, as well as presenting numerous novel federated learning algorithms which no other books have summarized. The work also references the most recent papers, articles and reviews from the past several years to keep pace with the academic and industrial state of the art of federated learning.The first part lays a foundational understanding of federated learning by going through its definition and characteristics, and also possible application scenarios and related privacy protection technologies. The second part elaborates on some of the federated learning algorithms innovated by JD Technology which encompass both vertical and horizontal scenarios, including vertical federated tree models, linear regression, kernel learning, asynchronous methods, deep learning, homomorphic encryption, and reinforcement learning. The third and final part shifts in scope to federated learning systems — namely JD Technology's own FedLearn system — by discussing its design and implementation using gRPC, in addition to specific performance optimization techniques plus integration with blockchain technology.This book will serve as a great reference for readers who are experienced in federated learning algorithms, building privacy-preserving machine learning applications or solving real-world problems with privacy-restricted scenarios.
Trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) play a crucial role in shaping China's development strategies. The development of China's economy creates strong pressures for continuous restructuring. China therefore explores how trade and FDI affect China's development strategies regarding the process and pattern of restructuring. The book aims to provide the reader with findings that shed new light on the related issues and problems. The first chapter introduces the topics, and subsequent chapters enter into theoretical discussion and empirical analysis of trade, FDI, and development strategies, followed by a concluding final chapter. Based on a rigorous theoretical framework Applies various statistical and econometric methods Uses rich and comprehensive data
This book focuses on the key determinants of China’s sustainable development in the general context of globalization from an environmental perspective. The author presents expert analysis on China’s role in the world economy, trade openness, cross-border investments and sustainable development in China. Readers will gain an in-depth understanding of various important issues concerning China’s current and future environmentally sustainable development in this new era of globalization.
Substantial disparities across different Chinese regions are one of the most prominent features in China’s development process. This book investigates the mechanisms through which openness affects regional economic growth and interregional disparities in China. Based on the latest data and employing a variety of panel data regression techniques, it provides readers with new findings that shed light on the effects of openness on China’s regional economic growth and the evolution of the country’s interregional disparities.
This book is on globalization and sustainable growth in China. Thanks to the market-oriented policy reforms initiated in the late 1970s, China has achieved spectacular economic growth over the past several decades, and its economic structure has experienced great transformation. In the meantime, in the general context of globalization, the whole country has also gradually opened up to foreign trade and foreign direct investment, transforming itself from a virtually completely closed economy to a major trading nation and the largest developing-country destination for foreign direct investment in the world. In the first three chapters of this book, we investigate the potential and actual mechanisms and channels through which globalization, especially openness to foreign trade and foreign direct investment, affects industrial development and growth disparities in China. The current wave of globalization has encouraged economic growth in the world economy and affected all sides of international economic involvement. In the next four chapters of the book, we study China and the world economy. We first join the line of research on the trade frictions between China and the United States, including an analytical chapter on trade imbalance and protectionist policy, and an empirical chapter on business cycle synchronization between China and the US. A chapter on growth cycles in the BRICS is also included to explore growth and trade linkages among these five emerging market economies. A new “conventional wisdom” on globalization is that trade and financial openness do not lead to higher economic growth by themselves, in the absence of institutional reforms. Motivated by the Chinese experience, we develop an analytical framework in the last chapter to examine the case of growth targeting in China and draw policy implication for LDCs on how to achieve positive and sustainable economic growth. This book provides the readers with new facts and new findings that shed light on their understanding of globalization and sustainable growth in China.
There is a growing concern among Chinese researchers and policymakers about China’s industrial development being unsustainable and the irreversible depletion of natural resources and deterioration of the ecological environment. The relationship between industrial development, pollution and the environmental quality is an important issue that deserves careful study. Environmental considerations play a crucial role in shaping China’s development strategies. Green development of China creates strong pressures for continuous transforming, upgrading and restructuring of the Chinese economy. This book explores how China’s industrial development relates to pollution and environmental quality, and how considerations about such issues associated with the ecological system affect China’s development strategies.
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