This book introduces high-temperature shock technology (HTS), a new method for ultra-fast synthesis of nanomaterials. HTS cannot only effectively avoid surface oxidation, agglomeration and immiscibility during the preparation of nanomaterials but also eliminate the defects or impurities of carbon-based nanomaterials. The book first presents the unique working devices of HTS. Then, it explains the working principle of its rapid heating and cooling rate at the millisecond level. In addition, the book highlights the latest research achievements of this technology in catalysis, batteries, carbon materials and new material devices, and puts forward the cost-benefit analysis and future development direction. Given its scope, the book appeals to a broad readership, particularly researchers engaged in materials, chemistry, new energy and other related fields, as well as teachers of relevant majors in colleges and universities.
Fermentative Hydrogen Production: From Fundamentals and Processes is a comprehensive examination of the theoretical and operational aspects of dark fermentative production of hydrogen. The book presents the latest technological developments, analyzes advantages and challenges, and discusses the potential for the maturity of dark fermentation. Part One analyzes the various technologies for hydrogen production, purification, storage, applications, and safety. In Part Two, first to third generation feedstocks are reviewed, as well as co-fermentation and solid and liquid wastes. Part Three examines the typical hydrogen-producing microorganisms in both pure and mixed cultures, along with sequencing techniques, pretreatment considerations, and engineering options. Part Four discusses influencing factors such as operational parameters, promotors, inhibitors, and has a dedicated section on the effects of Iron. Finally, Part Five directly compares dark hydrogen with other hydrogen production technologies through life cycle environmental impact assessments, highlighting bottlenecks and challenges in scaling up these technologies. Critically reviews the fundamentals and environmental impacts of biological hydrogen production technologies Evaluates and compares various feedstocks for biohydrogen production, including co-fermentation of different feedstocks Examines the use of pure and mixed cultures Provides case studies with real-world applications of the technologies discussed in the book
This book comprehensively introduces fundamentals and applications of fermentative hydrogen production from organic wastes, consisting of eight chapters, covering the microbiology, biochemistry and enzymology of hydrogen production, the enrichment of hydrogen-producing microorganisms, the pretreatment of various organic wastes for hydrogen production, the influence of different physicochemical factors on hydrogen production, the kinetic models and simulation of biological process of fermentative hydrogen production, the optimization of biological hydrogen production process and the fermentative hydrogen production from sewage sludge. The book summarizes the most recent advances that have been made in this field and discusses bottlenecks of further development. This book gives a holistic picture of this technology and details the knowledge through illustrative diagrams, flow charts, and comprehensive tables. It is intended for undergraduate and graduate students who are interested in bioenergy and wastes management, researchers exploring microbial fermentation process, and engineers working on system optimization or other bioenergy applications.
Serpulid polychaetes are a unique and highly specialised group of marine segmented worms that have adapted to inhabiting self-secreted calcareous tubes attached to a wide range of hard substrates. These animals are found across all depths and habitats of the world’s oceans, and some form mutually beneficial associations with live corals. The genus Hydroides is of special concern and importance, as it is not only the largest, but also one of the most ecologically and economically important groups of marine invertebrates because it includes notorious biofoulers and common bioinvaders that travel around the world hitchhiking on ships’ hulls. This is the first fully illustrated guide to this notorious serpulid genus of calcareous tubeworms, providing a comprehensive diagnostic treatment of all known species of the genus Hydroides. This important reference provides reliable identification tools to distinguish Australian tubeworms from potential alien invaders that constantly arrive from overseas and threaten Australia’s maritime transport, trade and mariculture.
The subject of this book is supply chain logistics planning optimization under multiple uncertainties, the key issue in supply chain management. Focusing on the strategic-alliance three-level supply chain, the model of supply chain logistics planning was established in terms of the market prices and the market requirements as random variables of manufactured goods with random expected value programming theory, and the hybrid intelligence algorithm solution model was designed. Aiming at the decentralized control supply chain, in which the nodes were unlimited expansion, the chance-constrained stochastic programming model was created in order to obtain optimal decision-making at a certain confidence level. In addition, the hybrid intelligence algorithm model was designed to solve the problem of supply chain logistics planning with the prices of the raw-materials supply market of the upstream enterprises and the prices of market demand for products of the downstream enterprises as random variables in the supply chain unit. Aimed at the three-stage mixed control supply chain, a logistics planning model was designed using fuzzy random programming theory with customer demand as fuzzy random variables and a hybrid intelligence algorithm solution was created. The research has significance both in theory and practice. Its theoretical significance is that the research can complement and perfect existing supply chain planning in terms of quantification. Its practical significance is that the results will guide companies in supply chain logistics planning in the uncertain environment.
This book explores the relationship between pedestrians/cyclists’ mode and route choice to/from metro/railway stations and the micro-level (street-scale) built environment in a second-tier city in China. More specifically, it investigates how the street-scale built environment influences pedestrians/cyclists’ mode choice and route choice behavior and examines user preferences for the micro-level built environment around metro stations. The focus on a second-tier city is motivated primarily to expand the set of Chinese cities where the effects of the built environment on pedestrian/cyclist mode and route choice have been studied. Results demonstrate the effects of the street-scale built environment on pedestrian flows. The effects are higher for the main road, which is directly connected with the metro station. The findings of this book are expected to support the design of preferred walking/biking built environments around a metro station. This book appeals to urbanists, planners, engineers, policy makers, and those interested in a wide-ranging overview of slow/green transportation and built environment promotion. These methods not only help to understand the quantitative relationship between built environment design and travel behavior but also support the evaluation and assessment of built environment design in urban planning projects. It reduces the gap in our understanding of the quantitative relationship between the micro-level built environment and pedestrians/cyclists’ transportation mode and route choice around the metro station. Both stated choice data and revealed choice data were used. An extended set of micro-level built environment attributes was developed. Besides the widely studied transportation-related factors, street-level built environment factors were studied using quantitative methods.
This book presents a survey of rural and urban Chinese people examining the dramatic changes in traditional culture that have taken place, and documenting the nature of contemporary Chinese culture. Chu and Ju examine attitudes about family relations, social relations, job preferences and work ethic, organizational relations, community life, and belief systems. Although there remains some limited continuity with the past, mainly in family stability, the book shows how lifestyle and values in post-Mao China today reveal a radical departure from traditional Chinese culture. The authors discover that Chinese people no longer endorse the Confucian precepts of harmony and tolerance, nor do they submit compliantly to authority as previous generations did. They now demonstrate, in an environment of rising aspirations and mounting frustration, a new assertiveness, as seen in the tragic outburst in the Tiananmen demonstrations.
This book systematically narrates the fundamentals, methods, and recent advances of evolutionary deep neural architecture search chapter by chapter. This will provide the target readers with sufficient details learning from scratch. In particular, the method parts are devoted to the architecture search of unsupervised and supervised deep neural networks. The people, who would like to use deep neural networks but have no/limited expertise in manually designing the optimal deep architectures, will be the main audience. This may include the researchers who focus on developing novel evolutionary deep architecture search methods for general tasks, the students who would like to study the knowledge related to evolutionary deep neural architecture search and perform related research in the future, and the practitioners from the fields of computer vision, natural language processing, and others where the deep neural networks have been successfully and largely used in their respective fields.
This study compares the ever-changing cultural values of contemporary China and the contemporary United States. Surveying 2000-Shanghi area residents and villagers as well as 2500 US citizens, the authors examine to what extent there has been a loss of "traditional" values in the United States. The book looks at value systems in both cultures associated with family relationships, kinship ties, male-female relationships, and general interpersonal relationships - the fundamental social relationships comprising the social fabric of a society. The authors conclude that although both societies have experienced changes in this century, they have followed quite different paths. In exploring the extent to which this process has differed, the authors address the following questions: what traditional Confucian values persist in China after 40 years of communist indoctrination and the recent "invasion" of Western culture? How are fundamental human relationships viewed in the United States? How do these two societies differ today, both in adherence to traditional values and in the dynamics of value change? These and many more issues are explored.
This thesis presents significant advances in the imaging and theory of the ultrafast dynamics of surface plasmon polariton fields. The author details construction of a sub-10 femtosecond and sub-10 nanometer spatiotemporal resolution ultrafast photoemission microscope which is subsequently used for the discovery of topological meron and skyrmion-like plasmonic quasiparticles. In particular, this enabled the creation of movies of the surface plasmon polariton fields evolving on sub-optical wavelength scales at around 0.1 femtosecond per image frame undergoing vortex phase evolution. The key insight that the transverse spin of surface plasmon polaritons undergoes a texturing into meron or skyrmion-like topological quasiparticles (defined by the geometric charge of the preparation) follows. In addition, this thesis develops an analytical theory of these new topological quasiparticles, opening new avenues of research, while the ultrafast microscopy techniques established within will also be broadly applicable to studies of nanoscale optical excitations in electronic materials.
This is the first book to discuss teamwork and the recent phenomena of high-speed management. It addresses the intersection of these two areas of research and organizational practice.
Using empirical research data and his first-hand experiences, the author argues that (1) the Fourth Economic Power is truly emerging with mainland China being the center stage, and the Chinese Diaspora being the key players; (2) understanding guanxi (connections), among other things, represents the key to understanding doing business in China; (3) China is not yet ready for democracy; benevolent authoritarianism will most likely define China's political life; (4) China's corruption problem—either of a structural nature or a moral nature—is solvable; (5) education holds China's future; and (6) Chinese family can be the most sustainable resource of the Fourth Power.
In this PhD thesis, Yue Yanan addresses a long-overlooked and critical question in the development of non-viral vectors for gene delivery. The author determines that those uncomplexed and cationic polymer chains free in the solution mixture of polymer and DNA facilitate and promote gene transfection. Furthermore, by using a combination of synthetic chemistry, polymer physics and molecular biology, Yue confirms that it is those cationic polymer chains free in the solution mixture, rather than those bound to DNA chains, that play a decisive role in intracellular trafficking. Instead of the previously proposed and widely accepted “proton sponge” model, the author's group propose a new hypothesis based on the results of several well-designed and decisive experiments. These results show that free polycationic chains with a length of more than ~10 nm are able to partially block the fusion between different endocytic vesicles, including the endocytic-vesicle-to-endolysosome pathway. This thesis is highly original and its results greatly deepen our understanding of polymer-mediated gene transfection. More importantly, it provides new insights into the rational design of next-generation superior polymeric gene-delivery vectors.
This book introduces high-temperature shock technology (HTS), a new method for ultra-fast synthesis of nanomaterials. HTS cannot only effectively avoid surface oxidation, agglomeration and immiscibility during the preparation of nanomaterials but also eliminate the defects or impurities of carbon-based nanomaterials. The book first presents the unique working devices of HTS. Then, it explains the working principle of its rapid heating and cooling rate at the millisecond level. In addition, the book highlights the latest research achievements of this technology in catalysis, batteries, carbon materials and new material devices, and puts forward the cost-benefit analysis and future development direction. Given its scope, the book appeals to a broad readership, particularly researchers engaged in materials, chemistry, new energy and other related fields, as well as teachers of relevant majors in colleges and universities.
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