The Chinese Oil Industry: History and Future presents a wealth of tables and figures with new data on Chinese fossil fuel production and consumption, together with a peak oil model to forecast future trends in energy supply and demand. Energy experts in China and the United States provide you with a unique overview of the entire Chinese oil industry. The authors discuss trends in production and consumption of global significance through to the middle of the 21st century, including the energy returned on energy invested (EROI) for China’s oil and gas. The role of oil in the industrialization of China is described as are four phases in the history of the Chinese oil industry. Detailed coverage of resources and exploration, pipeline development, refining and marketing, petroleum and natural gas pricing policies, and international cooperation is followed by consideration of conservation, renewable energy, and environmental impact. The authors also address the importance of coal and the probable future of coal production. - Offers a comprehensive view of the Chinese oil industry - Presents new and previously unpublished data - Covers history and future trends in production and consumption - Introduces a new peak oil model for China - Discusses EROI trend of oil and natural gas and its consequences for the Chinese economy - Written from an objective viewpoint by leading energy experts
This set of six volumes provides a systematic and standardized description of 23,033 chemical components isolated from 6,926 medicinal plants, collected from 5,535 books/articles published in Chinese and international journals. A chemical structure with stereo-chemistry bonds is provided for each chemical component, in addition to conventional information, such as Chinese and English names, physical and chemical properties. It includes a name list of medicinal plants from which the chemical component was isolated. Furthermore, abundant pharmacological data for nearly 8,000 chemical components are presented, including experimental method, experimental animal, cell type, quantitative data, as well as control compound data. The seven indexes allow for complete cross-indexing. Regardless whether one searches for the molecular formula of a compound, the pharmacological activity of a compound, or the English name of a plant, the information in the book can be retrieved in multiple ways.
This IBM® Redbooks® publication provides concepts, details, and examples related to the migration process for Business Process Management (BPM) products. It describes three migration patterns for migrating earlier versions (Version 6.0.2, Version 6.1, Version 6.1.2, and Version 6.2) of the following BPM products to IBM WebSphere® Dynamic Process Edition: IBM WebSphere Process Server IBM WebSphere Enterprise Service Bus IBM WebSphere Business Modeler IBM WebSphere Business Monitor IBM WebSphere Business Services Fabric IBM WebSphere Adapters This book includes planning information and leading practices for the migration of these products. It provides information about the steps required to perform the migration, and includes two scenarios that walk you through example migrations on distributed and IBM z/OS® platforms.
Integrating information from several areas of engineering geology, hydrogeology, geotechnical engineering, this book addresses the general field of groundwater from an engineering perspective. It covers geological engineering as well as hydrogeological and environmental geological problems caused by groundwater engineering. It includes 10 chapters, i.e., basic groundwater theory, parameter calculation in hydrogeology, prevention of geological problem caused by groundwater, construction dewatering, wellpoint dewatering methods, dewatering wells and drilling, groundwater dewatering in foundation-pit engineering, groundwater engineering in bedrock areas, numerical simulation in groundwater engineering, groundwater corrosion on concrete and steel. Based on up-to-date literature, it describes recent developments and presents several case studies with examples and problems. It is an essential reference source for industrial and academic researchers working in the groundwater field and can also serve as lecture-based course material providing fundamental information and practical tools for both senior undergraduate and postgraduate students in fields of geology engineering, hydrogeology, geotechnical engineering or to conduct related research.
A momentous debate has been unfolding in China over the last fifteen years, only intermittently in public view, concerning the merits of socialism as a philosophy of social justice and as a program for national development. Just as Deng Xiaoping's better advertised experiment with market- based reforms has challenged Marxist-Leninist dogma on economic policy, the years since the death of Mao Zedong have seen a profound reexamination of a more basic question: to what extent are the root problems of the system due to Chinese socialism and Marxism generally? Here Yan Sun gathers a remarkable group of primary materials, drawn from an unusual range of sources, to present the most systematic and comprehensive study of post-Mao reappraisal of China's socialist theory and practice. Rejecting an assumption often made in the West, that Chinese socialist thought has little bearing on politics and policymaking, Sun takes the arguments of the post-Mao era seriously on their own terms. She identifies the major factions in the debate, reveals the interplay among official and unofficial forces, and charts the development of the debate from an initially parochial concern with problems raised by Chinese practice to a grand critique of the theory of socialism itself. She concludes with an enlightening comparison of the reassessments undertaken by Deng Xiaoping with those of Gorbachev, linking them to the divergent outcomes of reform and revolution in their respective countries.
In a fit of anger, I quit my job and went to a place not far away from the female netizens to work hard again. On my way to being a big guest, I coincidentally ran into a junior who had just graduated and in the middle of the night, she even asked me to share a blanket with her. She even asked me to share a single apartment with her after getting off the car.He had never dreamt that a female netizen who had been chatting for such a long time would be the unattainable and beautiful chairman of the board of directors in reality ...
This book summarizes recent advances in epoxy vitrimer research, giving thorough discussion of the classification and fabrication of epoxy vitrimers and their composites. Epoxy vitrimers are reversible covalently crosslinked networks with dynamic covalent bonds, combining the excellent mechanical properties of thermosets with the re-processability of thermoplastics. The authors explore and summarize many current and potential applications of epoxy vitrimer composites across the domains of aerospace materials, electronic devices, machine manufacturing, and consumer products and technology. This book serves as an accessible introduction and a helpful guide to graduate students, researchers, and industry professionals in materials science and engineering with an interest in advanced polymer composites.
In this book, Yan Geng examines Mao’s image from the perspective of its producers, focusing on four artists, chosen for both the diverse media they worked in and their diverse backgrounds. The book suggests an alternative perspective on the making of propaganda not only as a politically themed representation but also as an expression of artists’ subjectivities and their roles as pivotal agents in the transition of modern Chinese art history. Mao’s Image: Artists and China’s 1949 Transition demonstrates how artists portrayed Mao as the nation’s leader during the early People’s Republic and what such images reveal about Chinese artists’ experience during the Communist takeover of the country.
To many Chinese, the rise and expansion of Japanese power during the years between the two Sino-Japanese wars (1895–1945) presented a paradox: With its successful modernization, Japan became a model to be emulated; yet as the country’s imperial ambitions on the continent grew, it posed an ever-increasing threat. Drawing on an extraordinary array of source materials, Lu Yan shows that this attraction to and apprehension of Japan prompted the Chinese to engage in a variety of long-term relationships with the Japanese. Re-understanding Japan examines transnational and transcultural interactions between China and Japan during those five dramatic and tragic decades at the intimate level of personal lives and behavior. At the center of Lu’s inquiry are four diverse yet significant case studies: military strategist Jiang Baili, literary critic and essayist Zhou Zuoren, Guomindang leader Dai Jitao, and romantic poet turned Communist Guo Moruo. In their public and private lives, these influential Chinese formed lasting ties with Japan and the Japanese. While their writings reached the Chinese public through the print mass media and served to enhance popular understanding of Japan and its culture, their activities in political, cultural, and diplomatic affairs paralleledsignificant turns in Sino-Japanese relations. Based on archival documents, personal memoirs, correspondence, interviews, and contemporary literary works, Re-understanding Japan delineates diverse approaches in Chinese efforts to engage Japan in China’s modern reforms.
The rise of China could be the most important political development of the twenty-first century. What will China look like in the future? What should it look like? And what will China's rise mean for the rest of world? This book, written by China's most influential foreign policy thinker, sets out a vision for the coming decades from China's point of view. In the West, Yan Xuetong is often regarded as a hawkish policy advisor and enemy of liberal internationalists. But a very different picture emerges from this book, as Yan examines the lessons of ancient Chinese political thought for the future of China and the development of a "Beijing consensus" in international relations. Yan, it becomes clear, is neither a communist who believes that economic might is the key to national power, nor a neoconservative who believes that China should rely on military might to get its way. Rather, Yan argues, political leadership is the key to national power, and morality is an essential part of political leadership. Economic and military might are important components of national power, but they are secondary to political leaders who act in accordance with moral norms, and the same holds true in determining the hierarchy of the global order. Providing new insights into the thinking of one of China's leading foreign policy figures, this book will be essential reading for anyone interested in China's rise or in international relations. In a new preface, Yan reflects on his arguments in light of recent developments in Chinese foreign policy, including the selection of a new leader in 2012.
Focusing on the competence of teachers that underpins inclusive education seeking equal access to education for special needs children, this title examines teacher competence cultivation based on examples in China and excellent international experience. To give a clear picture of the context of inclusive education in China, the author first clarifies the relevant concepts and reviews the evolving policies and practices embodied in the “Learning in Regular Classrooms (LRC)” program. The study then constructs an analytical model of four key indicators that help evaluate the competence of teachers in inclusive education. Based on analysis of the influencing factors of teacher competence, the book elucidates how these factors work to determine teacher competence. Drawing on international experience, especially pre-service teacher cultivation in the US and in-service training in China, it introduces three major cultivation models and feasible suggestions and strategies to improve the competence of teachers in inclusion. This book will benefit researchers, professionals, and policymakers interested in inclusive education, special education, and teacher education.
Rare Earth Metal-Organic Framework Hybrid Materials for Luminescence Responsive Chemical Sensors primarily focuses on rare earth functionalized metal-organic framework (MOF) hybrid materials for sensing applications. Sections cover an introduction to the field and key concepts like luminescence, rare earth ion luminescence and luminescence response for chemical sensing. Other section emphasize the luminescence response mode and sensing mechanisms of these important materials, including single mode and dual mode sensing, as well as chemical sensing mechanisms. Final sections outline different kinds of sensing analytes by rare earth functionalized MOFs hybrids and delve into emerging application. This book is suitable for materials scientists and engineers, materials chemists, chemists and chemical engineers. In addition, the material is appropriate for those working in academia and R&D in industry. - Authored by one of the world's leading experts on rare earth metal-organic framework hybrid materials - Introduces advanced concepts in luminescence and sensing mechanisms of metal-organic framework hybrid materials - Discusses the use of luminescence responsive chemical sensors (based on metal organic frameworks) for logic gate or imaging applications
This volume looks at the effects of interaction and the nature of identity construction in a frontier or contact zone through the analysis of material culture, especially in mortuary settings.
This book shares insights on post-processing techniques adopted to achieve precision-grade surfaces of additive manufactured metals including material characterization techniques and the identified material properties. Post-processes are discussed from support structure removal and heat treatment to the material removal processes including hybrid manufacturing. Also discussed are case studies on unique applications of additive manufactured metals as an exemplary of the considerations taken during post-processing design and selection. Addresses the critical aspect of post-processing for metal additive manufacturing Provides systematic introduction of pertinent materials Demonstrates post-process technique selection with the enhanced understanding of material characterization methods and evaluation Includes in-depth validation of ultra-precision machining technology Reviews precision fabrication of industrial-grade titanium alloys, steels, and aluminium alloys, with additive manufacturing technology The book is aimed at researchers, professionals, and graduate students in advanced manufacturing, additive manufacturing, machining, and materials processing.
This study systematically investigates the development process, major characteristics and weak links of China's poverty alleviation experience and conducts a comparative analysis of poverty alleviation cases. It also accurately presents the internal logic and core elements of China's poverty alleviation theory and taking the Chinese experience of poverty alleviation refines the "Two Threads One Force" theoretical framework to make a basic judgment of the "China model" for poverty alleviation. It also presents the rationale and plans for responding to new challenges to achieve poverty alleviation goals, which will enhance the welfare of the people and promote social progress and national prosperity.
In Road Traffic Liability in China: A View from Law and Economics, Yu Yan provides an in-depth analysis of the Chinese road traffic liability system, as well as other alternative accident prevention schemes from a view of law and economics. The analysis refers to the functioning of the system both on paper and in practice. The conclusion shows that the current Chinese traffic liability system can only achieve partial deterrence, and that the problems of under-compensation and insufficient risk-spreading seem to be serious, at least in the economically underdeveloped regions. Based on these findings, Yu Yan suggests specific legislative changes to be taken for the policymakers to improve the system.
In Detecting Chinese Modernities: Rupture and Continuity in Modern Chinese Detective Fiction (1896–1949), Yan Wei historicizes the two stages in the development of Chinese detective fiction and discusses the rupture and continuity in the cultural transactions, mediation, and appropriation that occurred when the genre of detective fiction traveled to China during the first half of the twentieth century. Wei identifies two divergent, or even opposite strategies for appropriating Western detective fiction during the late Qing and the Republican periods. She further argues that these two periods in the domestication of detective fiction were also connected by shared emotions. Both periods expressed ambivalent and sometimes contradictory views regarding Chinese tradition and Western modernity.
Bamboo is in the spotlight as a potential building material in the current pursuit of a CO2-neutral society, due to its rapid maturation and excellent mechanical properties. Despite the growing interest in bamboo in academia and society, there is a lack of systematic understanding of the fabrication, design and construction processes using bamboo as a modern industrial material. This is the first book to describe a new category of structural systems constructed with engineered bamboo. It gives a definition of engineered bamboo (glubam) in an analogy with steel structures and wood structures. Structural systems and components have been designed using glubam; then industrialized production processes of glubam are described. Based on state-of-the-art research, design guidelines are suggested, in a comparable and parallel approach to the existing guidelines for composite wood structures. The book also discusses bamboo structures in the context of sustainable development, including the benefits of using bamboo as an alternative or replacement for wood, especially for developing countries, many of which are faced with the lack or destruction of forest resources.
The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution occurred in the second decade after Mao Zedong and his comrades came to power in 1949. A comprehensive narrative account of this colossal event, written by Yan Jiaqi, one of the principal leaders of China's pro-democracy movement, and his wife, Gao Gao, a noted sociologist, appeared in Hong Kong in 1986 and was quickly banned by the Communist government. Not surprisingly, censorship and restricted circulation in China resulted in underground reproduction and serialization. The work was thus widely read, coveted, and appreciated by a populace who had just freed itself from the cultural drought and political dread of the event. Yan and Gao later spent two years revising and expanding their work. The present volume, Turbulent Decade: A History of the Cultural Revolution, is based on the revised edition and has been masterfully edited and translated by D. W. Y. Kwok in consultation with the authors. Following Professor Kwok's eloquent introduction and a short foreword in which the authors analyze the basic causes of the Cultural Revolution, Part One of the narrative focuses on the years 1965-1967. In two short years, Mao managed to turn public opinion against Liu Shaoqi, president of the Republic, and launch the Cultural Revolution. The reader is introduced to the Red Guards and encounters the cult of personality, the first resistance to the Cultural Revolution, the attack on Zhou Enlai, and the persecution and death of Liu Shaoqi. Part Two examines the rise and fall of Lin Biao during the years 1959-1971. Lin's bid for power, which began with the consolidation of his personal clique in the army and mass-level persecution in the late stages of theCultural Revolution, ended in a failed coup and his death in an air crash. Part Three follows Jiang Qing from 1966 to her arrest in 1976 for her part in instigating mass violence and the persecution of key figures, including Zhou Enlai. During this period, the political fortunes of Deng Xiaoping rose and fell for a second time, the first protest at Tiananmen Square in 1976 ended in a bloody suppression, and that same year the Gang of Four were arrested. Unlike social scientific treatments of political phenomena, Turbulent Decade includes little discussion of economics, still less of international relations, and no institutional analysis. Instead, the authors' fervent belief in the truthful telling of history through its leading personalities pervades the work.
Chinese art has experienced its most profound metamorphosis since the early 1950s, transforming from humble realism to socialist realism, from revolutionary art to critical realism, then avant-garde movement, and globalized Chinese art. With a hybrid mix of Chinese philosophy, imported but revised Marxist ideology, and western humanities, Chinese artists have created an alternative approach – after a great ideological and aesthetic transition in the 1980s – toward its own contemporaneity though interacting and intertwining with the art of rest of the world. This book will investigate, from the perspective of an activist, critic, and historian who grew up prior to and participated in the great transition, and then researched and taught the subject, the evolution of Chinese art in modern and contemporary times. The volume will be a comprehensive and insightful history of the one of the most sophisticated and unparalleled artistic and cultural phenomena in the modern world.
This book aims to predict and model the transport of bioaerosols, identify their transmission characteristics, and assess occupants’ infection risks. Although existing epidemiological books provide fundamental infection rate of existing diseases, the ability of predicting emerging disease transmission in the air and assessing occupants’ infection risks to the bioaerosols is significantly lacking. This book is considered as a professional book that provides in-depth discussion of the aforementioned issues and provides potential approaches to solve these issues would be highly demanded by readers in this emerging research field. This book offers essential and systematic analysis on the fate of bioaerosols from their release in the air to the final destination in human’s respiratory systems through direct 3D visualizations techniques. It also provides quantifiable method to assess each occupant’s infection risks to the infectious bioaerosols in indoor environments. The readers will gain essential fundamental characteristics of bioaerosols (active time, viability, etc.) and will gain the advanced skills on how to integrate these properties into numerical modeling and assess the occupants’ exposure risks.
This book is dedicated to strategic management research relating to China’s SOE. As China’s economic system of the day is featured by mixed ownership, state-owned enterprises (SOEs), under the New Normal of economic backdrop, are devoted to exploring the reform of stock resources reorganization, one of which is through mergers and acquisitions (M&A). This book explores the key points and difficulties in the successful reform of Chinese enterprises with mixed ownership by focusing on trust and innovation and by widely covering normative research, index evaluation system, game theory and empirical research with case study. It is significant for evaluating the reform of SOE in China by integrating the informal institutional aspects into the formal one and understanding the leading role of SOE in China’s economic development.
Sodium-Ion Batteries An essential resource with coverage of up-to-date research on sodium-ion battery technology Lithium-ion batteries form the heart of many of the stored energy devices used by people all across the world. However, global lithium reserves are dwindling, and a new technology is needed to ensure a shortfall in supply does not result in disruptions to our ability to manufacture reliable, efficient batteries. In Sodium-Ion Batteries: Energy Storage Materials and Technologies, eminent researcher and materials scientist Yan Yu delivers a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), including their design principles, cathode and anode materials, electrolytes, and binders. The author discusses high-performance rechargeable sodium-ion battery technology in the contexts of energy, power density, and electrochemical stability for commercialization. Exploring a wide range of literature on the recent progress made by researchers on sodium-ion battery technology, the book provides valuable perspectives on designing better materials for SIBs to unlock their practical capabilities. A thorough introduction to sodium-ion batteries, including their key materials and likely future developments Comprehensive explorations of design principles of electrode materials and electrolytes for sodium-ion batteries Practical discussions of cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries, including transition metal oxides, polyanionic compounds, Prussian blue analogues and organic compounds In-depth examinations of anode materials for sodium-ion batteries, including carbon-based materials, metal chalcogenides, metal alloys, phosphorus and Na metal anodes Perfect for materials scientists, inorganic chemists, electrochemists, and physical chemists, Sodium-Ion Batteries: Energy Storage Materials and Technologies will also earn a place in the libraries of catalytic and polymer chemists.
The subject of this book is discussing the income inequality of Chinese residents, its change and the factors that impact it. In this book all kinds of quantitative methods, including decomposing Gini Coefficients method, Fei-Ranis method, two-sectors model and other econometric models. Some special features are that in this book, a two-sectors model was set up to analyze the impact of population migration from urban areas to rural areas on income inequality of total residents, and the inverted U hypothesis was tested by time-series regression model. The inverted U hypothesis is supported by the change of income inequality of Chinese total residents which is different from the conclusion of present reaches. In additional, the impact of rent-seeking income on inequality was discussed, an economic mode was founded to explain the causes of rent-seeking activities in China’s present stage.
This book examines air pollution of a big city using multi-year and multi-season data from ground-based air monitoring stations and satellite sounding data, which provides more clear and detailed information on the main sources of air pollution, the long-term trend of pollution, the influence of meteorological parameters on pollution levels, and trajectories of polluted air masses. For example, the book shows that particulate matter from local sources is transported from deserts to create air quality challenges. It also analyzes the effects of desert and semi-desert landscapes on high concentrations of pollutants.
This book highlights cutting-edge research into emergency early warning management and decision-making for severe accidents. Using toxic gas leakages as examples, it puts forward new design methods for emergency early warning systems, as well as a systematic description of emergency early warning information communication mechanisms and characteristics of regional evacuation, based on a wide range of theories, including safety engineering, information engineering, communication, behaviorology and others. The book applies a range of methods, such as case analysis, questionnaire interviews, and multi-objective optimization modeling. Drawing on this basis, it subsequently proposes a multi-objective optimization modeling and algorithm for emergency path selection, together with an evacuation risk assessment method. Divided into six chapters prepared by an international team of researchers, the book addresses the design of early warning systems, communication and dissemination mechanisms of early warning information, characteristics of regional evacuation, multi-objective optimization of emergency paths, and evacuation risk assessment. The book offers an essential reference guide for engineering technicians and researchers in a wide range of fields, including emergency management, safety science and engineering, disaster relief engineering, and transportation optimization, as well as graduate students in related majors at colleges and universities.
In the 21st century, Bai Yixuan had risked her own life to save someone. She had traveled all the way to the body of a poor girl who had been annulled in ancient times.The Dual Healing Medicine slowly became a famous genius doctor in the distant and near future. It would open up heaven's space, help her clear all obstacles, and lead her relatives and friends to become well-off ...
This book provides essential insights into designing a localized DNA circuit to promote the rate of desired hybridization reactions over undesired leak reactions in the bulk solution. The area of dynamic DNA nanotechnology, or DNA circuits, holds great promise as a highly programmable toolbox that can be used in various applications, including molecular computing and biomolecular detection. However, a key bottleneck is the recurring issue of circuit leakage. The assembly of the localized circuit is dynamically driven by the recognition of biomolecules – a different approach from most methods, which are based on a static DNA origami assembly. The design guidelines for individual reaction modules presented here, which focus on minimizing circuit leakage, are established through NUPACK simulation and tested experimentally – which will be useful for researchers interested in adapting the concepts for other contexts. In the closing section, the design concepts are successfully applied to the biomolecular sensing of a broad range of targets including the single nucleotide mutations, proteins, and cell surface receptors.
STRUCTURAL RELIABILITY Discover a new and innovative approach to structural reliability from two authoritative and accomplished authors The subject of structural reliability, which deals with the problems of evaluating the safety and risk posed by a wide variety of structures, has grown rapidly over the last four decades. And while the First-Order Reliability Method is principally used by most textbooks on this subject, other approaches have identified some of the limitations of that method. In Structural Reliability: Approaches from Perspectives of Statistical Moments, accomplished engineers and authors Yan-Gang Zhao and Dr. Zhao-Hui Lu, deliver a concise and insightful exploration of an alternative and innovative approach to structural reliability. Called the Methods of Moment, the authors’ approach is based on the information of statistical moments of basic random variables and the performance function. The Methods of Moment approach facilitates structural reliability analysis and reliability-based design and can be extended to other engineering disciplines, yielding further insights into challenging problems involving randomness. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: A thorough introduction to the measures of structural safety, including uncertainties in structural design, deterministic measures of safety, and probabilistic measures of safety An exploration of the fundamentals of structural reliability theory, including the performance function and failure probability A practical discussion of moment evaluation for performance functions, including moment computation for both explicit and implicit performance functions A concise treatment of direct methods of moment, including the third- and fourth-moment reliability methods Perfect for professors, researchers, and graduate students in civil engineering, Structural Reliability: Approaches from Perspectives of Statistical Moments will also earn a place in the libraries of professionals and students working or studying in mechanical engineering, aerospace and aeronautics engineering, marine and offshore engineering, ship engineering, and applied mechanics.
This book provides an overview of Hong Kong’s role as an international financial centre, focusing especially on how Hong Kong has contributed significantly, and continues to contribute significantly, to China’s economic development. It considers the importance of Hong Kong’s stock market in raising finance for Chinese companies, explores the potential of Hong Kong as an offshore financial centre, and discusses recent regulatory reforms. It concludes by assessing the prospects for Hong Kong’s continuing success as a global financial centre, and puts forward recommendations for policies which would help secure continuing success.
Chen, He and Yan present a range of applications of multiple-source big data to core areas of contemporary sociology, demonstrating how a theory-guided approach to macrosociology can help to understand social change in China, especially where traditional approaches are limited by constrained and biased data. In each chapter of the book, the authors highlight an application of theory-guided macrosociology that has the potential to reinvigorate an ambitious, open-minded and bold approach to sociological research. These include social stratification, social networks, medical care, and online behaviours among many others. This research approach focuses on macro-level social process and phenomena by using quantitative models to statistically test for associations and causalities suggested by a clearly hypothesised social theory. By deploying theory-oriented macrosociology where it can best assure macro-level robustness and reliability, big data applications can be more relevant to and guided by social theory. An essential read for sociologists with an interest in quantitative and macro-scale research methods, which also provides fascinating insights into Chinese society as a demonstration of the utility of its methodology.
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