Wavelength-division-multiplexed passive optical network (WDM PON) has long been considered as an ultimate solution for the future optical access network capable of providing practically unlimited bandwidth to each subscriber. On the other hand, it is still considered to be too expensive for the massive deployment. To solve this problem and meet the ever-increasing demand for bandwidth, there have been numerous efforts to improve the competitiveness of WDM PON. This chapter reviews the current status and future direction of these WDM PON technologies. We first review various colorless light sources, which are critical for the cost-effective implementation of the optical network units (ONUs), and several representative network architectures proposed for WDM PONs. We then review the recent research activities for the realization of high-speed (>10Gb/s) and long-reach WDM PONs. Various fault-monitoring and protection techniques are also reviewed as they can be increasingly important in the future high-capacity WDM PONs.
Diamond films have been considered as ideal candidates for protective coatings on bioimplants, as bioimplants themselves or as a guide for neural differentiation, because of their excellent mechanical properties, functional amenability, biocompatibility, and unique nanostructures. We separate nanocrystalline diamond films into two categories based on growth chemistries, nanostructure, and properties: nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) and ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD). UNCD is suitable for application as a hermetic coating for protection of implantable artificial retina medical devices, and also contributes to improvement of neural stem cell (NSC)-based cell transplantation, tissue engineering for neural tissue repair and regeneration and study of neural cell differentiation.
What actually is creativity? And what contributes to its conceptualization and development? This collection of articles is an attempt at exploring and answering the above questions from both the Eastern and Western perspectives. Readers may find some answers stimulating, and others bewildering. This is in fact the reality and fascination of creativity research and education.
Biomechanics aims to explain the mechanics oflife and living. From molecules to organisms, everything must obey the laws of mechanics. Clarification of mechanics clarifies many things. Biomechanics helps us to appreciate life. It sensitizes us to observe nature. It is a tool for design and invention of devices to improve the quality of life. It is a useful tool, a simple tool, a valuable tool, an unavoidable tool. It is a necessary part of biology and engineering. The method of biomechanics is the method of engineering, which consists of observation, experimentation, theorization, validation, and application. To understand any object, we must know its geometry and materials of construc tion, the mechanical properties of the materials involved, the governing natural laws, the mathematical formulation of specific problems and their solutions, and the results of validation. Once understood, one goes on to develop applications. In my plan to present an outline of biomechanics, I followed the engineering approach and used three volumes. In the first volume, Biomechanics: Mechanical Properties of Living Tissues, the geometrical struc ture and the rheological properties of various materials, tissues, and organs are presented. In the second volume, Biodynamics: Circulation, the physiology of blood circulation is analyzed by the engineering method.
This book examines how Confucian traditions have shaped modernity in East Asia. Ambrose Y. C. King discusses how China and East Asia developed a model of modern civilization distinct from the Western model of modernization, which involves not only a process of deconstructing the cultural tradition but also a process of reconstructing it. He shows how the experience of modernization diverges within different Chinese societies, namely Hong Kong, Mainland China, and Taiwan. By highlighting the impact of Confucianism, he argues that Confucianism contains the seeds of modernization and transformation, and that in the right institutional settings these seeds influence the course of development. King focuses on how Confucian ideas and values underpinning the foundation of East Asian societies, including social civility, political governance, the role of the family, and moral regulation, matter to the modern social and political transformations of Chinese societies today.
Recognition of carbohydrates in biological systems has been gaining more and more attention in recent years. Although methodology for studying recognition has been developing, there is no volume that covers the wide area of methodology of carbohydrate recognition. This volume, Recognition of Carbohydrates in Biological Systems, Part A: General Procedures, and its companion, Volume 363, present state-of-the-art methodologies, as well as the most recent biological observations in this area. Covers the isolation/synthesis of substances used in studying interactions involving carbohydrates Discussed the methodology for measuring such interactions Biological roles for such interactions are also covered
This book unpacks the complex dynamics of Hong Kong students’ choice in pursuing undergraduate education at the universities of Mainland China. Drawing on an empirical study based on interviews with 51 students, this book investigates how macro political/economic factors, institutional influences, parental influence, and students’ personal motivations have shaped students’ eventual choice of university. Building on Perna’s integrated model of college choice and Lee’s push-pull mobility model, this book conceptualizes that students’ border crossing from Hong Kong to Mainland China for higher education is a trans-contextualized negotiated choice under the "One Country, Two Systems" principle. The findings reveal that during the decision-making process, influencing factors have conditioned four archetypes of student choice: Pragmatists, Achievers, Averages, and Underachievers. The book closes by proposing an enhanced integrated model of college choice that encompasses both rational motives and sociological factors, and examines the theoretical significance and practical implications of the qualitative study. With its focus on student choice and experiences of studying in China, this book’s research and policy findings will interest researchers, university administrators, school principals, and teachers.
Concise yet comprehensive, this textbook of clinical pulmonology provides pulmonologists and respiratory disease physicians with all the key information that they need to know to manage the patient through the diagnosis and treatment journeys. From the most common condition to the rarest, each disease is consistently presented and comprehensively covered giving the reader just the key facts. Building upon the basic sciences and integrating these with clinical practice, each chapter has a consistent approach, is highly designed and visually appealing. Numerous illustrations, colour photographs, scans, bullet points, tables and algorithms ensure that the key information is available at a glance. The keynote sections serve as a useful revision aid as do the multiple choice questions. A truly international and highly experienced editorship with expert contributors from around the world ensure that the book remains a trusted source of information. Set at the level between the definitive reference work and the clinical manual, Essentials of Clinical Pulmonology is an invaluable cornerstone for all pulmonologists whether trainees or experienced clinicians.
Y.C. Chang researched his fascinating ancestors and their lost culture to write Banners, Longhairs, and Maz - Story of a Lost Tribe. His story begins with the defending battle of the Tsapoo Banner garrison against the assault of the Longhair rebel force in about 1850 to 1860 during the Ching dynasty of China. The sole survivor of the Banner garrison, Chubtai, married an aboriginal Maz tribe girl, Ah-Wu, after she saves his life, and then returns to the triumphant Banner force. After the battle, the Maz tribe lost its culture and became integrated into mainstream Chinese society. Nothing has been heard of them since, until their last descendent - this author - made the effort to find what can be remembered from this lost tribe. The two main characters, Ah-Wu, and her husband, Chubtai, are the progenitors of the family line of the author. The other notable characters of Marshall Hsiang, The Great Man, and Chang Chia-Hsiang, the brave man, are well-known historical figures in China. Banners, Longhairs, and Maz brings a period of history lost in the mists of time back to life. About the Author: Y.C. Chang grew up in cities and provinces of North and South China until he was 27.He also lived in the United States, Brazil, Germany and several other lands before settling in Brazil. Now 83, he writes articles and books in the field of neurophysiology. Publishers website: http: //SBPRA.com/YCChan
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