The inverse design approach is new to the built environment research and design community, though it has been used in other industries including automobile and airplane design. This book, from some of the pioneers of inverse design applications in the built environment, introduces the basic principles of inverse design and the specific techniques that can be applied to built environment systems. The authors' inverse design concept uses the desired enclosed environment as the design objective and inversely determines the systems required to achieve the objective. The book discusses a number of backward and forward methods for inverse design. Backward methods, such as the quasi-reversibility method, the pseudo-reversibility method, and the regularized inverse matrix method, can be used to identify contaminant sources in an enclosed environment. However, these methods cannot be used to inversely design a desired indoor environment. Forward methods, such as the computational-fluid-dynamics (CFD)-based genetic algorithm (GA) method, the CFD-based adjoint method, the CFD-based artificial neural network (ANN) method, and the CFD-based proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method, show the promise in the inverse design of airflow and heat transfer in an enclosed environment. The book describes the fundamentals of the methods for beginners, provides exciting design examples for the reader to duplicate, discusses the pros and cons of each design method and points out the knowledge gaps for further development.
What is the social structure of Chinese society in the 21st century? How should China address the problem of migrant workers? How can China form a modern society? These key sociological issues are some of the topics this book covers. This book is a collection of the research articles and lectures that Dr. Lu Xueyi, the former Head of the Institute of Sociology at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, has published since the 1980s. The author discusses the social structure, social stratification, social construction, and development of contemporary Chinese society. Arguing that the gap between economic and social development has become the major social issue facing modern China, the author advocates paying close attention to the country’s social structure and the growth of the middle class. The book will be of interest for all scholars and students of Sociology and Chinese Studies.
With a population of now over 1.3 billion people, any change in China’s social environment is bound to have dramatic impact. The China Society Yearbook (2006) provides analysis of and commentary on social issues in contemporary China, broken down into chapters on different aspects of China’s social development, including change in social structure, population growth, employment, standard of living and education. The Yearbook provides detailed insight into the vast changes in Chinese society since the foundation of the People’s Republic of China and the Mao period, the effects of the country’s ongoing reform and liberalization process on its social makeup, the main aims of the 11th Five-Year Plan, and the daunting problems that China’s economic and social planners face as their country’s economy adapts to a free market system, while raising the standard of living and generating employment for its burgeoning work force. Also included are in-depth comparisons of the country’s different social groups, including its 120 million migrant workers, as well as descriptions of social development in different areas of China’s vast hinterland, where economic development varies greatly from that of the economically and socially upwardly-mobile coastal crescent. Compiled and edited by top sociologists of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS), this collection of current research and analysis represents some of the most pioneering and influential articles by social science scholars in the People’s Republic of China.
The role of epigenetic histone modifications in the pathogenesis and regulation of eye diseases has received increasing attention. Among these modifications, histone acetylation, which is regulated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), is crucial for regulating gene expression under disease conditions in the eye. Hence, eye diseases are closely linked to the imbalance between the acetylation and deacetylation of histone proteins. Moreover, most HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) and several HDAC activators have demonstrated high therapeutic potential in animal models of and in patients with eye diseases. Focusing on the molecular aspects of HATs, HDACs, HDACis, and HDAC activators, this book reviews recent advances in histone acetylation in ocular surface diseases, cataracts, glaucoma, uveitis, and multiple retinal diseases and discusses the effects and mechanisms of action of these enzymes and molecules, with the goal of identifying novel targets for the prevention and treatment of these eye diseases.
What is the social structure of Chinese society in the 21st century? How should China address the problem of migrant workers? How can China form a modern society? These key sociological issues are some of the topics this book covers. This book is a collection of the research articles and lectures that Dr. Lu Xueyi, the former Head of the Institute of Sociology at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, has published since the 1980s. The author discusses the social structure, social stratification, social construction, and development of contemporary Chinese society. Arguing that the gap between economic and social development has become the major social issue facing modern China, the author advocates paying close attention to the country’s social structure and the growth of the middle class. The book will be of interest to all scholars and students of Sociology and Chinese Studies.
The inverse design approach is new to the built environment research and design community, though it has been used in other industries including automobile and airplane design. This book, from some of the pioneers of inverse design applications in the built environment, introduces the basic principles of inverse design and the specific techniques that can be applied to built environment systems. The authors' inverse design concept uses the desired enclosed environment as the design objective and inversely determines the systems required to achieve the objective. The book discusses a number of backward and forward methods for inverse design. Backward methods, such as the quasi-reversibility method, the pseudo-reversibility method, and the regularized inverse matrix method, can be used to identify contaminant sources in an enclosed environment. However, these methods cannot be used to inversely design a desired indoor environment. Forward methods, such as the computational-fluid-dynamics (CFD)-based genetic algorithm (GA) method, the CFD-based adjoint method, the CFD-based artificial neural network (ANN) method, and the CFD-based proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method, show the promise in the inverse design of airflow and heat transfer in an enclosed environment. The book describes the fundamentals of the methods for beginners, provides exciting design examples for the reader to duplicate, discusses the pros and cons of each design method and points out the knowledge gaps for further development.
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