Xuehui Han's Books

Fiscal Rules and Fiscal Councils: Recent Trends and Performance During the COVID-19 Pandemic

By: Mr. Hamid R Davoodi,Paul Elger,Alexandra Fotiou,Mr. Daniel Garcia-Macia,Xuehui Han,Andresa Lagerborg,W. Raphael Lam,Mr. Paulo A Medas

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Fiscal Rules and Fiscal Councils: Recent Trends and Performance During the COVID-19 Pandemic

By: Mr. Hamid R Davoodi,Paul Elger,Alexandra Fotiou,Mr. Daniel Garcia-Macia,Xuehui Han,Andresa Lagerborg,W. Raphael Lam,Mr. Paulo A Medas

Adoption of fiscal rules and fiscal councils continued to increase globally over the last decades based on two new global datasets. During the pandemic, fiscal frameworks were put to test. The widespread use of escape clauses was one of the novelties in this crisis, which helped provide policy room to respond to the health crisis. But the unprecedented fiscal actions have led to large and widespread deviations from deficit and debt limits. The evidence shows that fiscal rules, in general, have been flexible during crises but have not prevented a large and persistent buildup of debt over time. Experience shows that deviations from debt limits are very difficult to reverse. The paper also presents evidence on the benefits of a good track record in abiding by the rules. All these highlight the difficult policy choices ahead and need to further improve rules-based fiscal frameworks.

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International Monetary Fund

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ISBN 13

9798400200472

India’s State-Owned Enterprises

By: Ruchir Agarwal,Ms. Elif C Arbatli Saxegaard,Ms. Lesley Fisher,Xuehui Han

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India’s State-Owned Enterprises

By: Ruchir Agarwal,Ms. Elif C Arbatli Saxegaard,Ms. Lesley Fisher,Xuehui Han

India’s recently announced privatization strategy can facilitate a change in the composition of the public sector balance sheet toward high-return public sector investments in infrastructure and human capital where there is a clear role for government, leaving commercially viable companies for the private sector. Against this background, this paper provides a description of the SOE sector in India, consider different criteria which can inform the scope and rationale for privatization. It also highlights takeaways from international experience with privatization, highlights the importance of improved governance and oversight of SOEs and showcases analytical tools that can help analyze risks from SOEs. While this paper focuses on India, the framework for SOEs developed in this paper can be used to evaluate SOEs policy options in other countries.

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International Monetary Fund

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ISBN 13

9798400219573

Fiscal Anatomy of Two Crises and an Interlude

By: Xuehui Han,Mr. Paolo Mauro,Mr. John Ralyea

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Fiscal Anatomy of Two Crises and an Interlude

By: Xuehui Han,Mr. Paolo Mauro,Mr. John Ralyea

The Global Financial Crisis (GFC) and the COVID-19 pandemic are associated with the largest increases in public debt ratios since World War II. We decompose unexpected changes in debt ratios into the role of surprises in economic growth, interest costs, policy measures, and other factors. During both crises, lower-than-expected output contributed the most to higher-than-expected debt ratios. Fiscal policy measures recorded in the public deficit were similar in the two episodes. We also analyze the decade-long interlude (2010-19). Rather than declining as foreseen in a normative scenario, debt ratios remained stable on average, as interest rates, policy adjustment and, in some countries, economic growth turned out lower than expected.

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International Monetary Fund

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ISBN 13

9798400242120

Climate Change Vulnerabilities and Strategies

The Gambia

By: Xuehui Han,Koralai Kirabaeva

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Climate Change Vulnerabilities and Strategies

The Gambia

By: Xuehui Han,Koralai Kirabaeva

This paper analyzes The Gambia's vulnerability to climate change, highlighting risks like flooding, droughts, and coastal erosion, which threaten food security and key industries. It details The Gambia's climate strategies, including the National Climate Change Policy, 2050 Climate Vision, and Long-Term Climate-Neutral Development Strategy, targeting net-zero emissions by 2050. Despite its minimal global emissions contribution, The Gambia's focus on renewable energy expansion offers dual benefits for energy security and development. The paper underscores the need for improved land management, crop diversification, and irrigation to boost adaptive capacity and resilience, ensuring food security amidst climate challenges.

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9798400267901

Philosophy, Learning and the Mathematics Curriculum

Dialectal Materialism and Pragmatism related to Chinese and U.S. Mathematics Curriculum

By: Xuehui Xie,Phil Francis Carspecken

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Philosophy, Learning and the Mathematics Curriculum

Dialectal Materialism and Pragmatism related to Chinese and U.S. Mathematics Curriculum

By: Xuehui Xie,Phil Francis Carspecken

Mathematics curriculums used in progressive classrooms of the United States and in classrooms of the People’s Republic of China presuppose markedly different philosophies. Xie and Carspecken reconstruct different assumptions operating implicitly within mathematics curriculums developed by the Ministry of Education in China and NCTM in the United States. Each curriculum is constructed upon a deep structure holistically integrating presuppositions about the nature of the human self, society, learning processes, language, concepts, human development, freedom, authority and the epistemology and ontology of mathematical knowledge. Xie and Carspecken next present an extended discussion of the two main philosophical traditions informing these curriculums: dialectical materialism in the case of the Chinese mathematics curriculum, and Dewey’s instrumental pragmatism in the case of NCTM. Both philosophies were developed as movements out of Hegelian idealism while retaining the anti-dualist and anti-empiricist insights of Hegel’s thought. The history of dialectical materialism and Dewey’s instrumentalism is carefully examined by the authors to identify both similarities and sharp differences in the resulting mature philosophies. Drawing upon more recent philosophies of intersubjectivity (Brandom, Habermas) and dialectical materialist psychologies (Vygotsky, Luria), the authors conclude this book with arguments for overcoming the limitations of a purely instrumentalist framework and for expanding potentialities implicit within dialectical philosophies. This book will be of value to a broad audience, including mathematics educators, philosophers, curriculum theorists, social theorists, and those who work in comparative education and learning science.

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