Looking at the life and legacy of Emperor Yang (569–618) of the brief Sui dynasty in a new light, this book presents a compelling case for his importance to Chinese history. Author Victor Cunrui Xiong utilizes traditional scholarship and secondary literature from China, Japan, and the West to go beyond the common perception of Emperor Yang as merely a profligate tyrant. Xiong accepts neither the traditional verdict against Emperor Yang nor the apologist effort to revise it, and instead offers a reassessment of Emperor Yang by exploring the larger political, economic, military, religious, and diplomatic contexts of Sui society. This reconstruction of the life of Emperor Yang reveals an astute visionary with literary, administrative, and reformist accomplishments. While a series of strategic blunders resulting from the darker side of his personality led to the collapse of the socioeconomic order and to his own death, the Sui legacy that Emperor Yang left behind lived on to provide the foundation for the rise of the Tang dynasty, the pinnacle of medieval Chinese civilization.
Luoyang, situated in present-day Henan province, was one of the great urban centres of pre-Qin and early imperial China, the favoured site for dynastic capitals for almost two millennia. This book, the first in any Western language on the subject, traces the rise and fall of the six different capital cities in the region which served eleven different dynasties from the Western Zhou dynasty, when the first capital city made its appearance in Luoyang, to the great Tang dynasty, when Luoyang experienced a golden age. It examines the political histories of these cities, explores continuity and change in urban form with a particular focus on city layouts and landmark buildings, and discusses the roles of religions, especially Buddhism, and illustrious city residents. Overall the book provides an accessible survey of a broad sweep of premodern Chinese urban history.
This historical fiction is based on the true story of Li Shimin (also known as Tang Taizong), the greatest sovereign in Chinese history. About 30 years younger than Muhammad, he grew up in a world of devastating upheaval that tore China asunder and was thrust into the role of a military commander in his father’s rebel army while still a teenager. In the process of vanquishing his enemies on the battlefield, he proved himself to be a great military genius. As emperor he encouraged critical suggestions by his court officials, which he often adopted, and lent support to the religions of his day, notably, Buddhism, Daoism, and Christianity. The international prestige he had won for Tang China was so high that the states of Central and North Asia honored him with the title of “Heavenly Khan.” Although his father founded the dynasty, it was his reign that laid the groundwork for a brilliant empire that was to endure for centuries. 本書根據史實,描述唐太宗李世民透過一場場的征戰,消滅敵軍,開疆闢土;同時鼓勵諫言,包容不同宗教,進而成就唐代偉大盛世,獲得「天可汗」的美名。
The crucial period of Chinese history, 168-979, falls naturally into contrasting phases. The first phase, also known as that of 'early medieval China,' is an age of political decentralization. Following the breakup of the Han empire, China was plunged into civil war and fragmentation and stayed divided for nearly four centuries. The second phase started in 589, during the Sui dynasty, when China was once again brought under a single government. Under the Sui, the bureaucracy was revitalized, the military strengthened, and the taxation system reformed. The fall of the Sui in 618 gave way to the even stronger Tang dynasty, which represents an apogee of traditional Chinese civilization. Inheriting all the great institutions developed under the Sui, the Tang made great achievements in poetry, painting, music, and architecture. The An Lushan rebellion, which also took place during Tang rule, brought about far-reaching changes in the socioeconomic, political, and military arenas. What transpired in the second half of the Tang and the ensuing Five Dynasties provided the foundation for the next age of late imperial China. This second edition of Historical Dictionary of Medieval China contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 1000 cross-referenced entries on historical figure. It expands on existing thematic entries, and adds a number of new ones with substantial content, including those on nobility, art, architecture, archaeology, economy, agriculture, money, population, cities, literature, historiography, military, religion, Persia, India, Japan, Korea, Arabs, and Byzantium, among others. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about medieval China.
Winner of the Aldo and Jeanne Scaglione Prize for a Translation of a Scholarly Study of Literature Exemplary Figures (sometimes translated as Model Sayings) is an unabridged, annotated translation of Fayan, one of three major works by the Chinese court poet-philosopher Yang Xiong (53 BCE-18 CE). Yang sought to "renew the old" by patterning these works on earlier classics, drawing inspiration from the Confucian Analects for Exemplary Figures. In this philosophical masterwork, constructed as a dialogue, Yang poses and then answers questions on philosophical, political, ethical, and literary matters. Michael Nylan's rendering of this text, which is laden with word play and is extraordinarily difficult to translate, is a joy to read-at turns wise, cautionary, and playful. Exemplary Figures is a core text that will be relied upon by scholars of Chinese history and philosophy and will be of interest to comparativists as well.
Because of a coincidence, he possessed an unimaginable amount of attraction to the opposite sex, as well as an unimaginable power. From then on, he became the dream lover of all the young girls, becoming their springtime. Let's see how he can sweep through the flowers and enjoy the beauty of the spring in the world!
This book examines haunting in terms of trauma, languaging, and the supernatural in works by Chinese Australian writers born in Australia, Mainland China, Hong Kong, Malaysia, and Singapore. It goes beyond the conventional focus on identity issues in the analysis of diasporic writing, considering how the memory of past trauma is triggered by abusive systems of power in the present. The author unpacks how trauma also brings past violence to haunt the present. This book considers how different Chinese diasporic communities present a dynamic and multiple state through partial erasure between different Chinese subcultures and other cultures. Showing the supernatural as a social and cultural product, this book elucidates how haunting as the supernatural refers to the coexistence of, and the competition between, different cultures and powers. It takes a wide-ranging view of different diasporic communities under the banner ‘Chinese’, a term that refers not only to Chinese nationals in terms of citizenship, but also to the Chinese diaspora in terms of ancestry, and Chinese culture more generally. In analysing haunting in texts, the author positions Chinese culture as in a constant state of flux. It is relevant to literary scholars and students with interests in Australian literature, Chinese and Southeast Asian migration writing, and those with an interest in the Gothic and postcolonial traditions.
Written by internationally recognized experts in the field with academic as well as industrial experience, this book concisely yet systematically covers all aspects of the topic. The monograph focuses on the optoelectronic behavior of organic solids and their application in new optoelectronic devices. It covers organic field-effect and organic electroluminescent materials and devices, organic photonics, materials and devices, as well as organic solids in photo absorption and energy conversion. Much emphasis is laid on the preparation of functional materials and the fabrication of devices, from materials synthesis and purification, to physicochemical properties and the basic processes and working principles of the devices. The only book to cover fundamentals, applications, and the latest research results, this is a handy reference for both researchers and those new to the field. From the contents: * Electronic process in organic solids * Organic/polymeric semiconductors for field-effect transistors * Organic/polymeric field-effect transistors * Organic circuits and organic single molecular transistors * Polymer light-emitting Diodes (PLEDs): devices and materials * Organic solids for photonics * Organic photonic devices * Organic solar cells based on small molecules * Polymer solar cells * Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) * Organic thermoelectric power devices
That year, a girl molested me ... However, I was framed as being stronger than her. Since then, I have become known as a "pervert". Being misunderstood by my family and bullied by my classmates, I grew up little by little. Only when they appeared did I start a new life, a counterattack ...
Diagenesis research is the foundation of hydrocarbon reservoir characterization and exploration. Reactive transport modeling (RTM) is an emerging approach for diagenesis research, with unique capability of quantification and forward modeling of the coupled thermo-hydro-chemical processes of diagenesis. Using TOUGHREACT simulator, this thesis investigates the two most important fluid-rock interactions in carbonate rocks, i.e., dolomitization and karstification, based on generic model analyses and a case study in the Ordos Basin, China. In particular, this study attempts to quantitatively characterize the diagenetic processes and to reconstruct the diagenesis-porosity evolution of carbonate reservoirs. Some controversies in carbonate diagenesis research, which cannot be well explained by classical geological methods, have also been discussed. The results are helpful to better understand the spatial-temporal distribution and co-evolution of diagenesis-mineral-porosity during the complicated diagenetic processes with their potential controlling factors, and to reduce the uncertainty of reservoir quality prediction.
Gale Researcher Guide for: Expansion and Consolidation: The Sui Dynasty is selected from Gale's academic platform Gale Researcher. These study guides provide peer-reviewed articles that allow students early success in finding scholarly materials and to gain the confidence and vocabulary needed to pursue deeper research.
This book systematically studies the feedback control and filtering problems for nonlinear plants with limited communication channels based on T-S fuzzy models. By fully considering different network-induced phenomena, such as signal quantizations, time-delays, data packet dropouts, communication protocols, cyber attacks, and so on, some significant strategies are provided for various performance analysis and different controller/filter synthesis of fuzzy systems. The event-triggered mechanism is also mentioned to save the communication resource. Moreover, some results are extended to the fault detection and fault-tolerant control. The book provides some new methodologies in analysis and synthesis of fuzzy systems under communication channels, and can serve as a valuable reference material for researchers wishing to explore the area of control and filtering of fuzzy systems and networked systems.
Winner of the Aldo and Jeanne Scaglione Prize for a Translation of a Scholarly Study of Literature Exemplary Figures (sometimes translated as Model Sayings) is an unabridged, annotated translation of Fayan, one of three major works by the Chinese court poet-philosopher Yang Xiong (53 BCE-18 CE). Yang sought to "renew the old" by patterning these works on earlier classics, drawing inspiration from the Confucian Analects for Exemplary Figures. In this philosophical masterwork, constructed as a dialogue, Yang poses and then answers questions on philosophical, political, ethical, and literary matters. Michael Nylan's rendering of this text, which is laden with word play and is extraordinarily difficult to translate, is a joy to read-at turns wise, cautionary, and playful. Exemplary Figures is a core text that will be relied upon by scholars of Chinese history and philosophy and will be of interest to comparativists as well.
Composed in 2 B.C., as "The I Ching revised and enlarged," The Elemental Changes is a divination manual providing a clear method for distinguishing alternative courses of action. Structured in 81 tetragrams ( as opposed to the 64 hexagrams of the I Ching), the book offers much to the modern reader. Today in the West, The Elemental Changes is an essential tool for understanding the Tao as it operates in the Cosmos, in the minds of sages, and in sacred texts. It is also one of the great philosophical poems in world literature, assessing the rival claims on human attention of fame, physical immortality, wealth, and power while it situates human endeavor within the larger framework of cosmic energies. The complete text of The Elemental Changes and its ten autocommentaries are here translated into accessible and, whenever possible, literal English. Following the Chinese tradition, supplementary comments are appended to each tetragram in order to indicate the main lines of interpretation suggested by earlier commentators.
Translation of the first grand synthesis of classic Chinese thought. This is a translation, with a commentary and a long contextualizing introduction, of the only major work of Han (206 B.C. to 220 A.D.) philosophy that is still available in complete form. It is the first translation of the work into a European language and provides unique access to this formative period in Chinese history. Because Yang Hsiungs interpretations drew upon a variety of pre-Han sources and then dominated Confucian learning until the twelfth century, this text is also a valuable resource on early Chinese history, philosophy, and culture beyond the Han period. The Tai hsüan is also one of the worlds great philosophic poems comparable in scale and grandeur to Lucretius De rerum naturum. Nathan Sivin has written that this is one of the titles on the short list of Chinese books every cultivated person should read. Han thinkers saw in this text a compelling restatement of Confucian doctrine that addressed the major objections posed by rival schools including Mohism, Taoism, Legalism and Yin-Yang Five Phase Theory. Since this Han amalgam formed the basis for the state ideology of China from 134 B.C. to 1911, an ideology that in turn provided the intellectual foundations for the Japanese and Korean states, the importance of this book can hardly be overestimated.
Although political incorporation is often seen as something that states do, immigrants exert agency in incorporating themselves. Through a sociological analysis of Hmong former refugees' grassroots movements in the United States between the 1990s and 2000s, Immigrant Agency uncovers the dynamic interactions between immigrant agency and state racialization that generate racialized incorporation.
Who are the Hmong people? Where are they from? What country has the largest population of Hmong? What language do they speak? Is it true that Hmong people will greet strangers as their brothers, sisters, aunts, or uncles? This book gives a general overview of the Hmong people. A brief history of the Hmong people, especially the Hmong from Laos will be reviewed. The book also discusses aspects of the Hmong people and their culture, including topics of language, clothing, clans, families, religion, traditions, and food.
This book covers the most recent developments in adaptive dynamic programming (ADP). The text begins with a thorough background review of ADP making sure that readers are sufficiently familiar with the fundamentals. In the core of the book, the authors address first discrete- and then continuous-time systems. Coverage of discrete-time systems starts with a more general form of value iteration to demonstrate its convergence, optimality, and stability with complete and thorough theoretical analysis. A more realistic form of value iteration is studied where value function approximations are assumed to have finite errors. Adaptive Dynamic Programming also details another avenue of the ADP approach: policy iteration. Both basic and generalized forms of policy-iteration-based ADP are studied with complete and thorough theoretical analysis in terms of convergence, optimality, stability, and error bounds. Among continuous-time systems, the control of affine and nonaffine nonlinear systems is studied using the ADP approach which is then extended to other branches of control theory including decentralized control, robust and guaranteed cost control, and game theory. In the last part of the book the real-world significance of ADP theory is presented, focusing on three application examples developed from the authors’ work: • renewable energy scheduling for smart power grids;• coal gasification processes; and• water–gas shift reactions. Researchers studying intelligent control methods and practitioners looking to apply them in the chemical-process and power-supply industries will find much to interest them in this thorough treatment of an advanced approach to control.
This book first presents a tutorial on Federated Learning (FL) and its role in enabling Edge Intelligence over wireless edge networks. This provides readers with a concise introduction to the challenges and state-of-the-art approaches towards implementing FL over the wireless edge network. Then, in consideration of resource heterogeneity at the network edge, the authors provide multifaceted solutions at the intersection of network economics, game theory, and machine learning towards improving the efficiency of resource allocation for FL over the wireless edge networks. A clear understanding of such issues and the presented theoretical studies will serve to guide practitioners and researchers in implementing resource-efficient FL systems and solving the open issues in FL respectively.
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