This book introduces readers to the history of design thinking in pre-modern China. The content is structured according to successive dynasties, covering the seven major periods of the pre-Qin, Qin and Han, Wei and Jin, Sui and Tang, Song and Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties. Each chapter introduces the most representative individuals of the period and discusses their work and ideas in order to reveal the national and cultural features of the respective periods. A distinctive feature of cultural identity running through the long course of China’s historical development is the argument that actions are determined by ideas: Such a view can be found in long-standing thinking on art, design, and creativity. The book demonstrates that conscious design is the vital link between the ideas that constitute human cultures and the physical objects that make up their resulting material cultures. It is the attribute of design that defines what it is to be human and also produces the physical evidence of the evolution of Chinese civilization. The book reveals the integrated characteristics of Chinese culture and art and shows how both changing and recurring ideologies have influenced Chinese design practice since the ancient Shang and Zhou dynasties and how these forces have shaped the spirit and materiality of Chinese civilization. Design is the cornerstone that has made China one of the major contributors to human civilization throughout the thousands of years of its history. Given its focus, the book largely appeals to two main audiences: an academic readership of students and researchers interested in cultural studies and, a more general one, consisting of those interested in international comparisons and wishing to learn more about Chinese history, society, and culture. In order to appeal to both, the book is written in a clear and accessible language.
This book marks an exciting contribution to the development and application of Processability Theory. It offers the reader an extensive overview and a critical discussion of the existing research into processability procedural skills, from Germanic to Asian and Arabic languages. It also develops a new perspective on the study of Chinese as a second language (CSL) acquisition, moving from theory to practice. The strength of this book lies not only in its innovative approach to CSL learning, but also in the potential practical applications of the approach to the development of the Chinese teaching syllabus and elicitation tasks. This research presented will benefit both learners and teachers. As a second language learner acquiring Chinese, this book will tell you how to facilitate the learning process in an easy and scientific way. As a teacher of Chinese, this book will help you to know what to teach, and how to teach it, and, importantly, will teach you how to understand learners’ language processing from a practical point of view. The book affords a unique insight into the Chinese processability hierarchy which delineates the universal processing trajectory of CSL learners. The research design and data analysis procedures, which are presented and explained clearly and thoroughly, constitute an original contribution to the growing research into Chinese language acquisition, and will pave the wave for future research in the field. The book will be of considerable interest to linguists working in the field of Processability Theory and will be enjoyed by both CSL learners and their teachers.
The objective of publishing this book is to let the general public have a better understanding of the food security situation in China and better comprehension of the merit of allocating land through market mechanism. In addition, it makes the public aware of the inefficiencies of current government regulated land system.As a populous country in the world, China emphasizes too much importance of food to ensure people's sufficient consumption. There is a national policy to protect farm land, farm land protection refers to 18 hundred million mu of farmland which is specifically designated for food production only. Unirule defined the national food security as the capability to solve food shortages, and calculated the gap between food supply and demand. Two approaches can be used to solve the above food gap. Food security problems will not happen under situations of free trade and factors substitution in market economy, substantial storage and foreign exchange income. In modern China, food insecurity or great famine only happened in planned economy. To link tightly farm land size and grain yield and even food security is baseless both in theory and practices. The previous red line of 21 hundred million mu was already broken through. The current red line of 18 hundred million mu will also be broken through, in view of the process of industrialization and urbanization. In fact, farm land protection should focus on protecting the employment right of peasant in land.
Count my life, saying that my Yin Qi is heavy, I will definitely have evil ghosts entangling me in the future. I'm looking for a job and running into a wall. Only the crematorium will take me in. After that, I ran into ghosts all the way. In the middle of the night, Female Ghost came to harass him, so there were actually bones hidden in the middle of the walls. The most abominable thing is, a sex maniac has repeatedly violated me, not letting me and my husband stay in the same room. I could not stand to be angry at the male ghost. He said: My wife, go to bed and chat.
This book provides a historical overview of Chinese economic reform over the past 30 years. From the genesis of the reform to the gradual improvement of the market system, and then to the re-start of the critical stage of the reform, this book includes not only research on the reform process, but also detailed descriptions of the key areas of reform since the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee. On this basis, the author develops six logics for Chinese economic reform. Firstly, reform is cyclical, moving between rapid advances and deadlock; this calls upon us to re-examine the common view of reform. Secondly, reform is systematic; it cannot succeed without supporting reforms in other fields. Thirdly, the relationship between reform, development and stability should be properly handled. This “trinity” is quite different from the perspective of western mainstream theory, which puts too much emphasis on efficiency. Fourthly, the success of Chinese reform was not achieved by chance. The reform practice is based on the theoretical logic, and also goes beyond the debate between progressive and radical modes. Fifthly, the Top-level Design should be combined with “crossing the river by moving from stone to stone,” i.e., the theoretical basis of reform should be combined with reform practice. Sixthly and lastly, the ongoing reform in China must be understood in the contexts of global competition and reform competition.
This book focuses on global financial systems. After summarising historical financial institutions, it subsequently uses economic and econometrical models to analyse the strengths and weaknesses of these institutions and their role in the history. Readers, especially international readers, will be introduced to prominent Chinese scholars’ ideas and views on these issues. The perspective of this book is, of course, a Chinese one. As such, readers will learn how Chinese people view global financial systems, even those dominated by the West, what they think about future global finance, etc. As such, the book offers intriguing and revealing insights for researchers and a broader readership alike.
Mechanics plays a fundamental role in aeolian processes and other environmental studies. This proposed book systematically presents the new progress in the research of aeolian processes, especially in the research on mechanism, theoretical modelling and computational simulation of aeolian processes from the viewpoint of mechanics. Nowadays, environmental and aeolian process related problems are attracting more and more attention. We hope this proposed book will provide scientists and graduate students in aeolian research and other environmental research some mechanical methods and principles and introduce aeolian related problems of environment to mathematical and mechanical scientists.
Due to the increased capability, reliability, robustness, and survivability of systems with multiple distributed sensors, multi-source information fusion has become a crucial technique in a growing number of areas—including sensor networks, space technology, air traffic control, military engineering, agriculture and environmental engineering, and industrial control. Networked Multisensor Decision and Estimation Fusion: Based on Advanced Mathematical Methods presents advanced mathematical descriptions and methods to help readers achieve more thorough results under more general conditions than what has been possible with previous results in the existing literature. Examining emerging real-world problems, this book summarizes recent research developments in problems with unideal and uncertain frameworks. It presents essential mathematical descriptions and methods for multisensory decision and estimation fusion. Deriving thorough results under general conditions, this reference book: Corrects several popular but incorrect results in this area with thorough mathematical ideas Provides advanced mathematical methods, which lead to more general and significant results Presents updated systematic developments in both multisensor decision and estimation fusion, which cannot be seen in other existing books Includes numerous computer experiments that support every theoretical result The book applies recently developed convex optimization theory and high efficient algorithms in estimation fusion, which opens a very attractive research subject on minimizing Euclidean error estimation for uncertain dynamic systems. Supplying powerful and advanced mathematical treatment of the fundamental problems, it will help to greatly broaden prospective applications of such developments in practice.
This book introduces readers to the history of design thinking in pre-modern China. The content is structured according to successive dynasties, covering the seven major periods of the pre-Qin, Qin and Han, Wei and Jin, Sui and Tang, Song and Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties. Each chapter introduces the most representative individuals of the period and discusses their work and ideas in order to reveal the national and cultural features of the respective periods. A distinctive feature of cultural identity running through the long course of China’s historical development is the argument that actions are determined by ideas: Such a view can be found in long-standing thinking on art, design, and creativity. The book demonstrates that conscious design is the vital link between the ideas that constitute human cultures and the physical objects that make up their resulting material cultures. It is the attribute of design that defines what it is to be human and also produces the physical evidence of the evolution of Chinese civilization. The book reveals the integrated characteristics of Chinese culture and art and shows how both changing and recurring ideologies have influenced Chinese design practice since the ancient Shang and Zhou dynasties and how these forces have shaped the spirit and materiality of Chinese civilization. Design is the cornerstone that has made China one of the major contributors to human civilization throughout the thousands of years of its history. Given its focus, the book largely appeals to two main audiences: an academic readership of students and researchers interested in cultural studies and, a more general one, consisting of those interested in international comparisons and wishing to learn more about Chinese history, society, and culture. In order to appeal to both, the book is written in a clear and accessible language.
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