This Handbook walks non-State actors engaging with the World Health Organization (WHO) through the principles and processes of the Framework of engagement with non-State actors (FENSA) to ensure smooth interaction with WHO. The Handbook does not replace the text of FENSA. The Framework adopted by WHO Member States will be applied by the WHO Secretariat when engaging with non‐State actors.
This Handbook walks non-State actors engaging with the World Health Organization (WHO) through the principles and processes of the Framework of engagement with non-State actors (FENSA) to ensure smooth interaction with WHO. The Handbook does not replace the text of FENSA. The Framework adopted by WHO Member States will be applied by the WHO Secretariat when engaging with non‐State actors.
The presence, or absence, of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) can be seen as a proxy for poverty and for the success of interventions aimed at reducing poverty. Today, coverage of the public-health interventions recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) against NTDs may be interpreted as a proxy for universal health coverage and shared prosperity - in short, a proxy for coverage against neglect. As the world's focus shifts from development to sustainable development, from poverty eradication to shared prosperity, and from disease-specific goals to universal health coverage, control of NTDs will assume an important role towards the target of achieving universal health coverage, including individual financial risk protection. Success in overcoming NTDs is a "litmus test" for universal health coverage against NTDs in endemic countries. The first WHO report on NTDs (2010) set the scene by presenting the evidence for how these interventions had produced results. The second report (2013) assessed the progress made in deploying them and detailed the obstacles to their implementation. This third report analyses for the first time the investments needed to achieve the scale up of implementation required to achieve the targets of the WHO Roadmap on NTDs and universal coverage against NTDs. INVESTING TO OVERCOME THE GLOBAL IMPACT OF NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES presents an investment strategy for NTDs and analyses the specific investment case for prevention, control, elimination and eradication of 12 of the 17 NTDs. Such an analysis is justified following the adoption by the Sixty-sixth World Health Assembly in 2013 of resolution WHA6612 on neglected tropical diseases, which called for sufficient and predictable funding to achieve the Roadmap's targets and sustain control efforts. The report cautions, however, that it is wise investment and not investment alone that will yield success. The report registers progress and challenges and signals those that lie ahead. Climate change is expected to increase the spread of several vector-borne NTDs, notably dengue, transmission of which is directly influenced by temperature, rainfall, relative humidity and climate variability primarily through their effects on the vector. Investments in vector-borne diseases will avoid the potentially catastrophic expenditures associated with their control. The presence of NTDs will thereby signal an early warning system for climate-sensitive diseases. The ultimate goal is to deliver enhanced and equitable interventions to the most marginalized populations in the context of a changing public-health and investment landscape to ensure that all peoples affected by NTDs have an opportunity to lead healthier and wealthier lives."--Publisher's description.
Accreditation of health care facilities or organizations is a frequently applied intervention to improve quality of care. However, the evidence of its effectiveness is mixed, and its impact on wider health system goals is frequently unclear. This discussion paper explores its use globally as a health care quality intervention. The paper uses a broad evidence base of accreditation, quality interventions and health systems research, combined with global interdisciplinary experience and expertise, and outlines the linkages between accreditation and other key attributes of the health system. Using a health systems lens, the paper discusses strategic questions that a health system decision-maker might consider when deliberating accreditation or similar interventions. This paper is aimed at health system leaders looking to improve quality of care and wishing to understand how accreditation can impact on the wider health system and quality landscape. The audience also includes any organization wishing to further its understanding about the value and application of quality interventions.
In 2016, at the request of the WHO Director-General, a group of scientists and public health experts from around the world were brought together to advise WHO on future scenarios for malaria, including whether eradication was feasible. Over three years, the members of the Strategic Advisory Group on Malaria Eradication (SAGme) analysed trends and reviewed future projections for the factors and determinants that underpin malaria. Our analysis and discussions reaffirmed that eradication will result in millions of lives saved and a return on investment of billions of dollars. We did not identify biological or environmental barriers to malaria eradication. In addition, our review of models accounting for a variety of global trends in the human and biophysical environment over the next three decades suggests that the world of the future will have much less malaria to contend with. However, even with our most optimistic scenarios and projections, we face an unavoidable fact: using current tools, we will still have 11 million cases of malaria in Africa in 2050. Under these circumstances, it is impossible to set a target date for malaria eradication, to formulate a reliable operational plan for malaria eradication or to give it a price tag. Our current priority should be to establish the foundation for a successful future eradication effort. At the same time, we need to guard against the risk of failure, as such failure might lead to the waste of huge sums of money, frustrate all those involved (national governments and malaria experts alike), and cause a lack of confidence in the global health community's ability to rid the world of this disease. We need a renewed drive towards research and development (R&D) on vector control, chemotherapy and vaccines in order to develop the transformative tools and knowledge base necessary for achieving eradication in the highest burden areas. We need political leadership that makes effective and efficient use of increased domestic and international funding. We need bespoke national and subnational strategies guided by improved use of data and stronger delivery systems to provide the appropriate mix of services to all those in need, without financial hardship. We need strengthened cross-border, regional and international cooperation on malaria control and elimination efforts worldwide. When these critical foundations are laid, we believe that the world will be in a much stronger position to make the final and credible push for eradication. As we complete our work in 2019, we recognize that the world stands at a crossroads in the fight against malaria. Despite huge progress in reducing malaria cases and deaths between 2000 and 2015, in the last five years, we have witnessed the stalling of global progress. The world is not on track to meet the 2020 milestones that will lead us to lower case incidence and mortality by 90% by 2030 (from 2015 levels) (5). Without massive concerted and coordinated action, we are unlikely to meet these targets. While we are certain that eradication by a specific date is not a promise we can make to the world just yet, there is a clear agenda - beginning with getting back on track to achieve the goals of the GTS - that should immediately be pursued to make eradication possible.
This atlas is aimed at collecting, compiling and desseminating information on mental health resources in the world. It presents updated and expanded information from 192 countries with analyses of global and regional trends as well as individual country profiles. Newly included in this volume is a section on epidemiology within the profiles of all low and middle income countries. It shows that mental health resources within most countries remain inadequate despite modest improvments since 2001. Availability of mental health resources across countries and between regions remains substantially uneven, with many countries having few resources. The atlas reinforces the urgent need to enhance mental health resources within countries.
Quality determines whether services increase the likelihood of achieving desired mental health outcomes and whether they meet the current requirements of evidence-based practice. Quality is important in all mental health systems because good quality ensures that people with mental disorders receive the care they require and that their symptoms and quality of life improve. This module sets out practical steps for the improvement of the quality of mental health care.
The SDG 11.6.2 Working Group : Summary report describes the dialogue of a working group convened by WHO of sister UN agencies and international institutions involved in air quality activities to discuss the reporting criteria for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) indicator 11.6.2 - air quality in cities - and leverage action.
This tool is intended to assist WHO Member States in evaluating their capacity to provide appropriate ethical oversight of health-related research with human subjects. It has been jointly developed by WHO’s Regulatory System Strengthening, Regulation and Safety Unit and the Health Ethics and Governance Unit and will help countries to identify strengths and limitations in their laws and in the organizational structures, policies, and practices of the bodies responsible for research ethics oversight. It is also intended to guide the development of recommendations to address the identified gaps and the assessment of countries’ progress in implementing those recommendations. In addition to assisting in capacity-building efforts, the tool is intended to promote policy convergence and best practices in research ethics oversight, to enhance public trust in health research, and to ensure that the rights and safety of humans involved in health-related research are adequately protected, both in ordinary times and during public health emergencies.
The Decade of Healthy Ageing 2021-2030 will focus on four key actions: changing how we think, feel and act towards age and ageing; developing communities in ways that foster the abilities of older people; delivering integrated care and primary health services that are responsive to the needs of older people; and providing older people who need it with access to long-term care. All are critical for building back better, and for fostering healthy ageing. The Baseline Report for the Decade of Healthy Ageing 2021−2030 addresses five issues so that policy-makers and others in government, the private sector, civil society and research are committed to implementing actions to achieve the ambitious goals set out in the Decade: 1. Introduces Healthy Ageing, the Decade’s actions and enablers, and a pathway to accelerate impact by 2030. 2. Where are we in 2020? The report provides a first-time baseline for healthy ageing worldwide. 3. What improvements could we expect by 2030? It documents progress and scenarios for improvement. 4. How can we accelerate impact on the lives of older people? It shows how older people and stakeholders can together optimize functional ability. 5. The next steps including opportunities to boost collaboration and impact by 2023, the next reporting period.
On cover: IPCS International Programme on Chemical Safety. Published under the joint sponsorship of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organization and the World Health Organization, and produced within the framework of the Inter-organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC)
This discussion paper brings together evidence and experience from around the world focusing on making health systems more gender responsive. There is a need to examine the various barriers as well as opportunities in order to make health systems work better for women, which has been a special concern for several decades now, by using a gender equality and health equity perspective. The paper uses a framework that combines WHO's six building blocks for health systems and the primary health care reforms propounded in the World Health Report 2008 on primary health care. Furthermore, the paper provides examples of what has worked and how, and ends with an agenda for action to strengthen the work of policy-makers, their advisers and development partners as well as practitioners as they seek to integrate gender equality perspectives into health systems strengthening, including primary health care (PHC) reforms.
Based on the experience of many countries in the WHO European Region and the advice of experts, this guide outlines some of the steps prison systems should take to reduce the public health risks from compulsory detention in often unhealthy situations, to care for prisoners in need and to promote the health of prisoners and prison staff. This requires that everyone working in prisons understand how imprisonment affects health, what prisoners' health needs are, and how evidence-based health services can be provided for everyone needing treatment, care and prevention in prison. Other essential elements are being aware of and accepting internationally recommended standards for prison health; providing professional care with the same adherence to professional ethics as in other health services; and, while seeing individual needs as the central feature of the care provided, promoting a whole-prison approach to care and promoting the health and well-being of people in custody.
This handbook is an essential resource which brings into focus key advances, challenges and lessons learned in strengthening human resources for health (HRH) data and evidence as a strategic objective of implementing the Global Strategy on Human Resources for Health: Workforce 2030, the recommendations of the United Nations Secretary-General High-level Commission on Health Employment and Economic Growth, and in the achievement of the WHO Thirteenth General Programme of Work (2019–2023 (GPW 13) targets, for a measurable impact on population health and development. Divided into three parts, the handbook presents the complementarity between WHO Health Labour Market Analysis Guidebook and WHO handbook on national health workforce accounts (NHWA) system strengthening approach to improving the availability, quality, analysis, dissemination and use of health workforce data and evidence to inform decision-making and planning in countries. It also features the committed country efforts, catalysed by networks and partner investments, in strengthening HRH information systems and their growing success in implementing NHWA and other WHO normative tools. Contributed by the six technical working groups of the Global Health Workforce Network (GHWN) Data and Evidence hub, the handbook is aimed at HRH policy-makers and planners, to provide contemporary insight on data sources and information needs to address policy questions around health workforce development, and as part of the broader intersectoral agenda to strengthening health systems resilience.
The importance of community and civil society engagement to end TB has been highlighted in various strategies of global commitments. The WHO End TB Strategy, aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, emphasizes the role of communities and civil society in ending the TB epidemic by 2030. Furthermore, the political declaration of the 2081 United Nations High-level Meeting on TB Highlights the need to develop integrated, people-centred, community-based, gender-responsive health services. This guidance was developed in collaboration with civil society and other partners, in order to further strengthen engagement and leverage capacities of communities' and civil society in line with the End TB Strategy. The guidance emphasizes the complementarity of health systems and community systems; the key roles that people affected by TB should play in planning, decision-making, implementation and monitoring; and the role of ministries of health and their NTPs. It underlines the importance of fair, sustainable financing and of policy environment for community and civil society engagement. Its purpose is to provide guidance for communities and for all stakeholders in the health system for working together to end TB and strengthening people-centred care. Stakeholders in national TB responses include ministries of health, other government ministries, the private sector, civil society and affected communities, academic and research institutions, and technical and funding partners.
This report is part of WHO's response to the 49th World Health Assembly held in 1996 which adopted a resolution declaring violence a major and growing public health problem across the world. It is aimed largely at researchers and practitioners including health care workers, social workers, educators and law enforcement officials.
National health accounts are a key practical tool for policy-makers interested in evaluating and restructuring their nation's health care financing and assessing financial interventions to improve people's health. This publication provides guidance in developing socioeconomic information to help establish a framework for national health accounts, including defining health expenditure, acquiring and evaluating data, non-survey data sources, using surveys, estimation procedures and financing agents.
The objective of this guideline is to present the complete set of all WHO recommendations and best practice statements relating to abortion. While legal, regulatory, policy and service-delivery contexts may vary from country to country, the recommendations and best practices described in this document aim to enable evidence-based decision-making with respect to quality abortion care. This guideline updates and replaces the recommendations in all previous WHO guidelines on abortion care.
This policy brief describes the need to integrate rehabilitation into all-hazard health emergency preparedness, readiness, response and resilience. It provides a summary of the current situation, outlines existing evidence, describes how existing global guidelines and resolutions support the integration of rehabilitation, and proposes the steps needed to integrate rehabilitation. The objective of this publication is to raise awareness of key policy and decision makers of the importance of integrating rehabilitation into emergency preparedness, readiness, response and resilience, and to provide them with an outline of the practical steps needed in to support decision making – with a strong emphasis on preparedness. The intended audience is policy makers and service leads working in the area of health emergency preparedness, readiness, response and resilience, and service leads working in the area of rehabilitation.
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