This manual is for use by doctors, senior nurses and other senior health workers who are responsible for the care of young children at the first referral level in developing countries. It presents up-to-date expert clinical guidelines for both inpatient and outpatient care in small hospitals where basic laboratory facilities and essential drugs and inexpensive medicines are available. The manual focuses on the inpatient management of the major causes of childhood mortality, such as pneumonia, diarrhoea, severe malnutrition,, malaria, meningitis, measles, and related conditions. Descriptions of expensive treatment options are deliberately omitted from the manual.
To survive and thrive, children and adolescents need good health, adequate nutrition, secure, safe and a supportive clean environment, and opportunities for early learning and education, responsive relationships and connectedness, and opportunities for personal autonomy and self-realization. To promote their health and wellbeing, they need support from parents, families, communities, surrounding institutions, and an enabling environment. Scheduled routine, regular checkups by health-care providers to ensure the healthy growth, development, and well-being of children in the first two decades of their lives and to support and guide parents in the care they give to their children and themselves. This guidance on scheduled well-care visits is the first in a series of publications to support the operationalization of the comprehensive agenda for child and adolescent health and wellbeing. It provides guidance on what is required to strengthen health systems and services for scheduled routine contacts with providers to support children and adolescents in their growth and developmental trajectory, as well as their primary caregivers and families. It outlines the rationale and objectives of well care visits and proposes a minimum of 17 scheduled visits In addition, it describes the expected tasks during a contact, provides age-specific content to be address during each contact, and proposes actions to build on and maximize existing opportunities and resources. This guidance is primarily aimed at policy makers and managers responsible for designing and managing health and wellbeing services for children and adolescents, and health and non-health care providers.
This handbook gives a detailed explanation of the WHO/UNICEF guidelines for the integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI). The guidelines set out simple and effective methods for the prevention and management of the leading causes of serious illness and mortality in young children. They promote evidence-based assessment and treatment using a syndromic approach that supports the rational, effective and affordable use of drugs. The handbook gives an overview of the IMCI process and includes technical guidelines to assess and classify a sick young infant aged from one week up to two months, and a sick young child aged two months to five years; as well as guidance on how to identify treatment; communicate and counsel; and give follow-up care.
Each year, almost 11 million children under five years of age die from largely preventable causes, whilst about half a million women die in pregnancy, childbirth or soon after. This year's report focuses on maternal, newborn and child health issues as an integral part of progress towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals targets and promoting poverty reduction. It identifies exclusion as a key feature of inequity as well as a barrier to progress, and sets out strategies required to ensure universal access to health care and social health insurance systems for every mother and child, through a continuum that extends from pregnancy through childbirth, the neonatal period and childhood.
This manual is for use by doctors, senior nurses and other senior health workers who are responsible for the care of young children at the first referral level in developing countries. It presents up-to-date expert clinical guidelines for both inpatient and outpatient care in small hospitals where basic laboratory facilities and essential drugs and inexpensive medicines are available. The manual focuses on the inpatient management of the major causes of childhood mortality, such as pneumonia, diarrhoea, severe malnutrition,, malaria, meningitis, measles, and related conditions. Descriptions of expensive treatment options are deliberately omitted from the manual.
This manual is designed for health professionals working in high HIV and TB prevalence countries. It summarises the characteristics of both diseases and their interactions. It concentrates particularly on the problems of diagnosis and management both in adults and children and summarises the other HIV related illnesses the clinician might encounter.
This handbook gives a detailed explanation of the WHO/UNICEF guidelines for the integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI). The guidelines set out simple and effective methods for the prevention and management of the leading causes of serious illness and mortality in young children. They promote evidence-based assessment and treatment using a syndromic approach that supports the rational, effective and affordable use of drugs. The handbook gives an overview of the IMCI process and includes technical guidelines to assess and classify a sick young infant aged from one week up to two months, and a sick young child aged two months to five years; as well as guidance on how to identify treatment; communicate and counsel; and give follow-up care.
The purpose of the guideline was to provide an evidence-informed recommendation on whether mass drug administration of azithromycin, as a public health intervention for the reduction of under-five mortality, should (a) be rolled out universally in low- and middle-income countries, (b) be applied only in some situational contexts in low-and middle-income countries or (c) not be used at all.
Pneumonia causes almost 1 in 5 under-five deaths worldwide: more than 2 million children each year. It kills more children than any other disease - more than AIDS, malaria and measles combined. Yet lack of attention to the disease means too few children have access to currently available interventions. Preventing children under five from developng pneumonia in the first place is key. This joint UNICEF/WHO publication is designed to raise awareness and reduce child mortality from pneumonia, which will contribute to achieving the Millennium Development Goal on child mortality.
This collaborative ATLAS project is a systematic attempt to collect information from countries around the world on existing services and resources relating to child and adolescent mental health services. The primary purposes of this initial report are to stimulate additional data gathering and to encourage the development of policy, services and training. Issues discussed include: methods and limitations of the project, rights of the child and adolescent, policy and programmes, information systems, service system gaps and service integration, barriers to care, care providers, training and financing of care services, availability and use of medication.
This collaborative ATLAS project is a systematic attempt to collect information from countries around the world on existing services and resources relating to child and adolescent mental health services. The primary purposes of this initial report are to stimulate additional data gathering and to encourage the development of policy, services and training. Issues discussed include: methods and limitations of the project, rights of the child and adolescent, policy and programmes, information systems, service system gaps and service integration, barriers to care, care providers, training and financing of care services, availability and use of medication.
About 1.3 billion of the world’s population are adolescents aged 10-19 years. Adolescents bear long periods of exposure to, and consequences of health risks yet are often least able to influence their environment and make decisions for their own well-being. Historically, the world has lacked comprehensive indicators for adolescent health, which has hindered the effective development of age-specific policies and interventions and tracking of progress towards health targets. This document presents a list of 47 indicators recommended by the Global Action for Measurement of Adolescent health (GAMA), established in 2018 by WHO in collaboration with UNAIDS, UNESCO, UNFPA, UNICEF, UN Women, the World Bank Group, and the World Food Programme. The 47 adolescent health indicators are the result of a structured, participatory 5-year selection process. They are applicable to all adolescent population subgroups and span six domains: (1) programmes, policies and laws, (2) systems performance and interventions, (3) social, cultural, economic, educational, and environmental health determinants, (4) health behaviours and risks, (5) subjective well-being and (6) health outcomes and conditions. Most countries already have data for many of these indicators available. Bringing this information together will help benchmark progress, identify priorities for action, and allocate resources efficiently. By prioritizing adolescent health, young individuals are empowered to reach their full potential, and contribute to building healthier and sustainable communities and societies.
This atlas is aimed at collecting, compiling and desseminating information on mental health resources in the world. It presents updated and expanded information from 192 countries with analyses of global and regional trends as well as individual country profiles. Newly included in this volume is a section on epidemiology within the profiles of all low and middle income countries. It shows that mental health resources within most countries remain inadequate despite modest improvments since 2001. Availability of mental health resources across countries and between regions remains substantially uneven, with many countries having few resources. The atlas reinforces the urgent need to enhance mental health resources within countries.
Since 2007 the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) have recommended voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) as an important strategy for the prevention of heterosexually acquired HIV in men in settings where the prevalence of heterosexually transmitted HIV is high. Over 25 million men and adolescent boys in East and Southern Africa have been reached with VMMC services. These new guidelines update earlier WHO recommendations to maximize the HIV prevention impact of safe VMMC services and aim to guide the transition to the sustained provision of interventions with a focus on the health and well-being of both adolescent boys and men.
1. Introduction and methods of work.-- 2. Alcohol: equity and social determinants.-- 3. Cardiovascular disease: equity and social determinants.-- 4. Health and nutrition of children: equity and social determinants.-- 5. Diabetes: equity and social determinants.-- 6. Food safety: equity and social determinants.-- 7. Mental disorders: equity and social determinants.-- 8. Neglected tropical diseases: equity and social determinants.-- 9. Oral health: equity and social determinants.-- 10. Unintended pregnancy and pregnancy outcome: equity and social determinants.-- 11. Tobacco use: equity and social determinants.-- 12. Tuberculosis: the role of risk factors and social determinants.-- 13. Violence and unintentional injury: equity and social determinants.-- 14. Synergy for equity.
This pocket book contains up-to-date clinical guidelines, based on available published evidence by subject experts, for both inpatient and outpatient care in small hospitals where basic laboratory facilities and essential drugs and inexpensive medicines are available. It is for use by doctors, senior nurses and other senior health workers who are responsible for the care of young children at the first referral level in developing countries. In some settings, these guidelines can be used in the larger health centres where a small number of sick children can be admitted for inpatient care.
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