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Engineering Mathematics with MATLAB

By: Won Y. Yang et. al

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Engineering Mathematics with MATLAB

By: Won Y. Yang et. al

Chapter 1: Vectors and Matrices 1.1 Vectors 1.1.1 Geometry with Vector 1.1.2 Dot Product 1.1.3 Cross Product 1.1.4 Lines and Planes 1.1.5 Vector Space 1.1.6 Coordinate Systems 1.1.7 Gram-Schmidt Orthonolization 1.2 Matrices 1.2.1 Matrix Algebra 1.2.2 Rank and Row/Column Spaces 1.2.3 Determinant and Trace 1.2.4 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors 1.2.5 Inverse of a Matrix 1.2.6 Similarity Transformation and Diagonalization 1.2.7 Special Matrices 1.2.8 Positive Definiteness 1.2.9 Matrix Inversion Lemma 1.2.10 LU, Cholesky, QR, and Singular Value Decompositions 1.2.11 Physical Meaning of Eigenvalues/Eigenvectors 1.3 Systems of Linear Equations 1.3.1 Nonsingular Case 1.3.2 Undetermined Case - Minimum-Norm Solution 1.3.3 Overdetermined Case - Least-Squares Error Solution 1.3.4 Gauss(ian) Elimination 1.3.5 RLS (Recursive Least Squares) Algorithm Problems Chapter 2: Vector Calculus 2.1 Derivatives 2.2 Vector Functions 2.3 Velocity and Acceleration 2.4 Divergence and Curl 2.5 Line Integrals and Path Independence 2.5.1 Line Integrals 2.5.2 Path Independence 2.6 Double Integrals 2.7 Green's Theorem 2.8 Surface Integrals 2.9 Stokes' Theorem 2.10 Triple Integrals 2.11 Divergence Theorem Problems Chapter 3: Ordinary Differential Equation 3.1 First-Order Differential Equations 3.1.1 Separable Equations 3.1.2 Exact Differential Equations and Integrating Factors 3.1.3 Linear First-Order Differential Equations 3.1.4 Nonlinear First-Order Differential Equations 3.1.5 Systems of First-Order Differential Equations 3.2 Higher-Order Differential Equations 3.2.1 Undetermined Coefficients 3.2.2 Variation of Parameters 3.2.3 Cauchy-Euler Equations 3.2.4 Systems of Linear Differential Equations 3.3 Special Second-Order Linear ODEs 3.3.1 Bessel's Equation 3.3.2 Legendre's Equation 3.3.3 Chebyshev's Equation 3.3.4 Hermite's Equation 3.3.5 Laguerre's Equation 3.4 Boundary Value Problems Problems Chapter 4: Laplace Transform 4.1 Definition of the Laplace Transform 4.1.1 Laplace Transform of the Unit Step Function 4.1.2 Laplace Transform of the Unit Impulse Function 4.1.3 Laplace Transform of the Ramp Function 4.1.4 Laplace Transform of the Exponential Function 4.1.5 Laplace Transform of the Complex Exponential Function 4.2 Properties of the Laplace Transform 4.2.1 Linearity 4.2.2 Time Differentiation 4.2.3 Time Integration 4.2.4 Time Shifting - Real Translation 4.2.5 Frequency Shifting - Complex Translation 4.2.6 Real Convolution 4.2.7 Partial Differentiation 4.2.8 Complex Differentiation 4.2.9 Initial Value Theorem (IVT) 4.2.10 Final Value Theorem (FVT) 4.3 The Inverse Laplace Transform 4.4 Using of the Laplace Transform 4.5 Transfer Function of a Continuous-Time System Problems 300 Chapter 5: The Z-transform 5.1 Definition of the Z-transform 5.2 Properties of the Z-transform 5.2.1 Linearity 5.2.2 Time Shifting - Real Translation 5.2.3 Frequency Shifting - Complex Translation 5.2.4 Time Reversal 5.2.5 Real Convolution 5.2.6 Complex Convolution 5.2.7 Complex Differentiation 5.2.8 Partial Differentiation 5.2.9 Initial Value Theorem 5.2.10 Final Value Theorem 5.3 The Inverse Z-transform 5.4 Using The Z-transform 5.5 Transfer Function of a Discrete-Time System 5.6 Differential Equation and Difference Equation Problems Chapter 6: Fourier Series and Fourier Transform 6.1 Continuous-Time Fourier Series (CTFS) 6.1.1 Definition and Convergence Conditions 6.1.2 Examples of CTFS 6.2 Continuous-Time Fourier Transform (CTFT) 6.2.1 Definition and Convergence Conditions 6.2.2 (Generalized) CTFT of Periodic Signals 6.2.3 Examples of CTFT 6.2.4 Properties of CTFT 6.3 Discrete-Time Fourier Transform (DTFT) 6.3.1 Definition and Convergence Conditions 6.3.2 Examples of DTFT 6.3.3 DTFT of Periodic Sequences 6.3.4 Properties of DTFT 6.4 Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) 6.5 Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) 6.5.1 Decimation-in-Time (DIT) FFT 6.5.2 Decimation-in-Frequency (DIF) FFT 6.5.3 Computation of IDFT Using FFT Algorithm 6.5.4 Interpretation of DFT Results 6.6 Fourier-Bessel/Legendre/Chebyshev/Cosine/Sine Series 6.6.1 Fourier-Bessel Series 6.6.2 Fourier-Legendre Series 6.6.3 Fourier-Chebyshev Series 6.6.4 Fourier-Cosine/Sine Series Problems Chapter 7: Partial Differential Equation 7.1 Elliptic PDE 7.2 Parabolic PDE 7.2.1 The Explicit Forward Euler Method 7.2.2 The Implicit Forward Euler Method 7.2.3 The Crank-Nicholson Method 7.2.4 Using the MATLAB Function 'pdepe()' 7.2.5 Two-Dimensional Parabolic PDEs 7.3 Hyperbolic PDES 7.3.1 The Explict Central Difference Method 7.3.2 Tw-Dimensional Hyperbolic PDEs 7.4 PDES in Other Coordinate Systems 7.4.1 PDEs in Polar/Cylindrical Coordinates 7.4.2 PDEs in Spherical Coordinates 7.5 Laplace/Fourier Transforms for Solving PDES 7.5.1 Using the Laplace Transform for PDEs 7.5.2 Using the Fourier Transform for PDEs Problems Chapter 8: Complex Analysis 509 8.1 Functions of a Complex Variable 8.1.1 Complex Numbers and their Powers/Roots 8.1.2 Functions of a Complex Variable 8.1.3 Cauchy-Riemann Equations 8.1.4 Exponential and Logarithmic Functions 8.1.5 Trigonometric and Hyperbolic Functions 8.1.6 Inverse Trigonometric/Hyperbolic Functions 8.2 Conformal Mapping 8.2.1 Conformal Mappings 8.2.2 Linear Fractional Transformations 8.3 Integration of Complex Functions 8.3.1 Line Integrals and Contour Integrals 8.3.2 Cauchy-Goursat Theorem 8.3.3 Cauchy's Integral Formula 8.4 Series and Residues 8.4.1 Sequences and Series 8.4.2 Taylor Series 8.4.3 Laurent Series 8.4.4 Residues and Residue Theorem 8.4.5 Real Integrals Using Residue Theorem Problems Chapter 9: Optimization 9.1 Unconstrained Optimization 9.1.1 Golden Search Method 9.1.2 Quadratic Approximation Method 9.1.3 Nelder-Mead Method 9.1.4 Steepest Descent Method 9.1.5 Newton Method 9.2 Constrained Optimization 9.2.1 Lagrange Multiplier Method 9.2.2 Penalty Function Method 9.3 MATLAB Built-in Functions for Optimization 9.3.1 Unconstrained Optimization 9.3.2 Constrained Optimization 9.3.3 Linear Programming (LP) 9.3.4 Mixed Integer Linear Programing (MILP) Problems Chapter 10: Probability 10.1 Probability 10.1.1 Definition of Probability 10.1.2 Permutations and Combinations 10.1.3 Joint Probability, Conditional Probability, and Bayes' Rule 10.2 Random Variables 10.2.1 Random Variables and Probability Distribution/Density Function 10.2.2 Joint Probability Density Function 10.2.3 Conditional Probability Density Function 10.2.4 Independence 10.2.5 Function of a Random Variable 10.2.6 Expectation, Variance, and Correlation 10.2.7 Conditional Expectation 10.2.8 Central Limit Theorem - Normal Convergence Theorem 10.3 ML Estimator and MAP Estimator 653 Problems

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Won Y. Yang

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ISBN 10

1138059331

ISBN 13

9781138059337

Applied Numerical Methods Using MATLAB

By: Won Y. Yang,Wenwu Cao,Jaekwon Kim,Kyung W. Park,Ho-Hyun Park,Jingon Joung,Jong-Suk Ro,Han L. Lee,Cheol-Ho Hong,Taeho Im

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Applied Numerical Methods Using MATLAB

By: Won Y. Yang,Wenwu Cao,Jaekwon Kim,Kyung W. Park,Ho-Hyun Park,Jingon Joung,Jong-Suk Ro,Han L. Lee,Cheol-Ho Hong,Taeho Im

This new edition provides an updated approach for students, engineers, and researchers to apply numerical methods for solving problems using MATLAB® This accessible book makes use of MATLAB® software to teach the fundamental concepts for applying numerical methods to solve practical engineering and/or science problems. It presents programs in a complete form so that readers can run them instantly with no programming skill, allowing them to focus on understanding the mathematical manipulation process and making interpretations of the results. Applied Numerical Methods Using MATLAB®, Second Edition begins with an introduction to MATLAB usage and computational errors, covering everything from input/output of data, to various kinds of computing errors, and on to parameter sharing and passing, and more. The system of linear equations is covered next, followed by a chapter on the interpolation by Lagrange polynomial. The next sections look at interpolation and curve fitting, nonlinear equations, numerical differentiation/integration, ordinary differential equations, and optimization. Numerous methods such as the Simpson, Euler, Heun, Runge-kutta, Golden Search, Nelder-Mead, and more are all covered in those chapters. The eighth chapter provides readers with matrices and Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors. The book finishes with a complete overview of differential equations. Provides examples and problems of solving electronic circuits and neural networks Includes new sections on adaptive filters, recursive least-squares estimation, Bairstow's method for a polynomial equation, and more Explains Mixed Integer Linear Programing (MILP) and DOA (Direction of Arrival) estimation with eigenvectors Aimed at students who do not like and/or do not have time to derive and prove mathematical results Applied Numerical Methods Using MATLAB®, Second Edition is an excellent text for students who wish to develop their problem-solving capability without being involved in details about the MATLAB codes. It will also be useful to those who want to delve deeper into understanding underlying algorithms and equations.

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654

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John Wiley & Sons

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ISBN 10

1119626714

ISBN 13

9781119626718

Electronic Circuits with MATLAB, PSpice, and Smith Chart

By: Won Y. Yang,Jaekwon Kim,Kyung W. Park,Donghyun Baek,Sungjoon Lim,Jingon Joung,Suhyun Park,Han L. Lee,Woo June Choi,Taeho Im

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Electronic Circuits with MATLAB, PSpice, and Smith Chart

By: Won Y. Yang,Jaekwon Kim,Kyung W. Park,Donghyun Baek,Sungjoon Lim,Jingon Joung,Suhyun Park,Han L. Lee,Woo June Choi,Taeho Im

Provides practical examples of circuit design and analysis using PSpice, MATLAB, and the Smith Chart This book presents the three technologies used to deal with electronic circuits: MATLAB, PSpice, and Smith chart. It gives students, researchers, and practicing engineers the necessary design and modelling tools for validating electronic design concepts involving bipolar junction transistors (BJTs), field-effect transistors (FET), OP Amp circuits, and analog filters. Electronic Circuits with MATLAB®, PSpice®, and Smith Chart presents analytical solutions with the results of MATLAB analysis and PSpice simulation. This gives the reader information about the state of the art and confidence in the legitimacy of the solution, as long as the solutions obtained by using the two software tools agree with each other. For representative examples of impedance matching and filter design, the solution using MATLAB and Smith chart (Smith V4.1) are presented for comparison and crosscheck. This approach is expected to give the reader confidence in, and a deeper understanding of, the solution. In addition, this text: Increases the reader's understanding of the underlying processes and related equations for the design and analysis of circuits Provides a stepping stone to RF (radio frequency) circuit design by demonstrating how MATLAB can be used for the design and implementation of microstrip filters Features two chapters dedicated to the application of Smith charts and two-port network theory Electronic Circuits with MATLAB®, PSpice®, and Smith Chart will be of great benefit to practicing engineers and graduate students interested in circuit theory and RF circuits.

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882

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John Wiley & Sons

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ISBN 10

1119598923

ISBN 13

9781119598923

MATLAB/Simulink for Digital Signal Processing

By: Won Y. Yang

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MATLAB/Simulink for Digital Signal Processing

By: Won Y. Yang

Chapter 1: Fourier Analysis................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 CTFS, CTFT, DTFT, AND DFS/DFT....................................................................................... 1 1.2 SAMPLING THEOREM.......................................................................................................... 16 1.3 FAST FOURIER TRANSFORM (FFT)................................................................................. 19 1.3.1 Decimation-in-Time (DIT) FFT..................................................................................... 19 1.3.2 Decimation-in-Frequency (DIF) FFT............................................................................ 22 1.3.3 Computation of IDFT Using FFT Algorithm................................................................ 23 1.4 INTERPRETATION OF DFT RESULTS............................................................................. 23 1.5 EFFECTS OF SIGNAL OPERATIONS ON DFT SPECTRUM....................................... 31 1.6 SHORT-TIME FOURIER TRANSFORM - STFT.............................................................. 32 Chapter 2: System Function, Impulse Response, and Frequency Response........................ 51 2.1 THE INPUT-OUTPUT RELATIONSHIP OF A DISCRETE-TIME LTI SYSTEM..... 52 2.1.1 Convolution...................................................................................................................... 52 2.1.2 System Function and Frequency Response................................................................... 54 2.1.3 Time Response................................................................................................................. 55 2.2 COMPUTATION OF LINEAR CONVOLUTION USING DFT...................................... 55 2.3 PHYSICAL MEANING OF SYSTEM FUNCTION AND FREQUENCY RESPONSE 58 Chapter 3: Correlation and Power Spectrum................................................................ 73 3.1 CORRELATION SEQUENCE................................................................................................ 73 3.1.1 Crosscorrelation............................................................................................................... 73 3.1.2 Autocorrelation.............................................................................................................. 76 3.1.3 Matched Filter................................................................................................................ 80 3.2 POWER SPECTRAL DENSITY (PSD)................................................................................. 83 3.2.1 Periodogram PSD Estimator........................................................................................... 84 3.2.2 Correlogram PSD Estimator......................................................................................... 85 3.2.3 Physical Meaning of Periodogram............................................................................... 85 3.3 POWER SPECTRUM, FREQUENCY RESPONSE, AND COHERENCE..................... 89 3.3.1 PSD and Frequency Response........................................................................................ 90 3.3.2 PSD and Coherence....................................................................................................... 91 3.4 COMPUTATION OF CORRELATION USING DFT ...................................................... 94 Chapter 4: Digital Filter Structure................................................................................ 99 4.1 INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................... 99 4.2 DIRECT STRUCTURE ........................................................................................................ 101 4.2.1 Cascade Form................................................................................................................ 102 4.2.2 Parallel Form............................................................................................................... 102 4.3 LATTICE STRUCTURE ..................................................................................................... 104 4.3.1 Recursive Lattice Form................................................................................................. 106 4.3.2 Nonrecursive Lattice Form........................................................................................... 112 4.4 LINEAR-PHASE FIR STRUCTURE ................................................................................ 114 4.4.1 FIR Filter with Symmetric Coefficients...................................................................... 115 4.4.2 FIR Filter with Anti-Symmetric Coefficients........................................................... 115 4.5 FREQUENCY-SAMPLING (FRS) STRUCTURE .......................................................... 118 4.5.1 Recursive FRS Form..................................................................................................... 118 4.5.2 Nonrecursive FRS Form............................................................................................. 124 4.6 FILTER STRUCTURES IN MATLAB ............................................................................. 126 4.7 SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................ 130 Chapter 5: Filter Design.............................................................................................. 137 5.1 ANALOG FILTER DESIGN................................................................................................. 137 5.2 DISCRETIZATION OF ANALOG FILTER.................................................................... 145 5.2.1 Impulse-Invariant Transformation............................................................................. 145 5.2.2 Step-Invariant Transformation - Z.O.H. (Zero-Order-Hold) Equivalent .............. 146 5.2.3 Bilinear Transformation (BLT).................................................................................. 147 5.3 DIGITAL FILTER DESIGN................................................................................................. 150 5.3.1 IIR Filter Design............................................................................................................ 151 5.3.2 FIR Filter Design......................................................................................................... 160 5.4 FDATOOL................................................................................................................................ 171 5.4.1 Importing/Exporting a Filter Design Object................................................................ 172 5.4.2 Filter Structure Conversion........................................................................................ 174 5.5 FINITE WORDLENGTH EFFECT..................................................................................... 180 5.5.1 Quantization Error......................................................................................................... 180 5.5.2 Coefficient Quantization............................................................................................. 182 5.5.3 Limit Cycle.................................................................................................................. 185 5.6 FILTER DESIGN TOOLBOX ............................................................................................ 193 Chapter 6: Spectral Estimation................................................................................... 205 6.1 CLASSICAL SPECTRAL ESTIMATION.......................................................................... 205 6.1.1 Correlogram PSD Estimator......................................................................................... 205 6.1.2 Periodogram PSD Estimator....................................................................................... 206 6.2 MODERN SPECTRAL ESTIMATION ............................................................................ 208 6.2.1 FIR Wiener Filter........................................................................................................ 208 6.2.2 Prediction Error and White Noise.............................................................................. 212 6.2.3 Levinson Algorithm.................................................................................................... 214 6.2.4 Burg Algorithm........................................................................................................... 217 6.2.5 Various Modern Spectral Estimation Methods......................................................... 219 6.3 SPTOOL .................................................................................................................................. 224 Chapter 7: DoA Estimation......................................................................................... 241 7.1 BEAMFORMING AND NULL STEERING...................................................................... 244 7.1.1 Beamforming................................................................................................................. 244 7.1.2 Null Steering................................................................................................................ 248 7.2 CONVENTIONAL METHODS FOR DOA ESTIATION................................................ 250 7.2.1 Delay-and-Sum (or Fourier) Method - Classical Beamformer.................................. 250 7.2.2 Capon's Minimum Variance Method......................................................................... 252 7.3 SUBSPACE METHODS FOR DOA ESTIATION............................................................ 253 7.3.1 MUSIC (MUltiple SIgnal Classification) Algorithm................................................. 253 7.3.2 Root-MUSIC Algorithm............................................................................................. 254 7.3.3 ESPRIT Algorithm...................................................................................................... 256 7.4 SPATIAL SMOOTHING TECHNIQUES ........................................................................ 258 Chapter 8: Kalman Filter and Wiener Filter............................................................. 267 8.1 DISCRETE-TIME KALMAN FILTER.............................................................................. 267 8.1.1 Conditional Expectation/Covariance of Jointly Gaussian Random Vectors............. 267 8.1.2 Stochastic Statistic Observer...................................................................................... 270 8.1.3 Kalman Filter for Nonstandard Cases........................................................................ 276 8.1.4 Extended Kalman Filter (EKF).................................................................................. 286 8.1.5 Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF)................................................................................ 288 8.2 DISCRETE-TIME WIENER FILTER .............................................................................. 291 Chapter 9: Adaptive Filter.......................................................................................... 301 9.1 OPTIMAL FIR FILTER........................................................................................................ 301 9.1.1 Least Squares Method................................................................................................... 302 9.1.2 Least Mean Squares Method...................................................................................... 304 9.2 ADAPTIVE FILTER ............................................................................................................ 306 9.2.1 Gradient Search Approach - LMS Method.................................................................. 306 9.2.2 Modified Versions of LMS Method........................................................................... 310 9.3 MORE EXAMPLES OF ADAPTIVE FILTER ............................................................... 316 9.4 RECURSIVE LEAST-SQUARES ESTIMATION .......................................................... 320 Chapter 10: Multi-Rate Signal Processing and Wavelet Transform............................ 329 10.1 MULTIRATE FILTER........................................................................................................ 329 10.1.1 Decimation and Interpolation..................................................................................... 330 10.1.2 Sampling Rate Conversion....................................................................................... 334 10.1.3 Decimator/Interpolator Polyphase Filters................................................................ 335 10.1.4 Multistage Filters........................................................................................................ 339 10.1.5 Nyquist (M) Filters and Half-Band Filters.............................................................. 348 10.2 TWO-CHANNEL FILTER BANK ................................................................................... 351 10.2.1 Two-Channel SBC (SubBand Coding) Filter Bank.................................................. 351 10.2.2 Standard QMF (Quadrature Mirror Filter) Bank.................................................... 352 10.2.3 PR (Perfect Reconstruction) Conditions.................................................................. 353 10.2.4 CQF (Conjugate Quadrature Filter) Bank................................................................. 354 10.3 M-CHANNEL FILTER BANK ......................................................................................... 358 10.3.1 Complex-Modulated Filter Bank (DFT Filter Bank)................................................ 359 10.3.2 Cosine-Modulated Filter Bank................................................................................. 363 10.3.3 Dyadic (Octave) Filter Bank.................................................................................... 366 10.4 WAVELET TRANSFORM ............................................................................................... 369 10.4.1 Generalized Signal Transform................................................................................... 369 10.4.2 Multi-Resolution Signal Analysis............................................................................ 371 10.4.3 Filter Bank and Wavelet........................................................................................... 374 10.4.4 Properties of Wavelets and Scaling Functions.......................................................... 378 10.4.5 Wavelet, Scaling Function, and DWT Filters......................................................... 379 10.4.6 Wavemenu Toolbox and Examples of DWT.......................................................... 382 Chapter 11: Two-Dimensional Filtering...................................................................... 401 11.1 DIGITAL IMAGE TRANSFORM..................................................................................... 401 11.1.1 2-D DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform)..................................................................... 401 11.1.2 2-D DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform)................................................................... 402 11.1.3 2-D DWT (Discrete Wavelet Transform)................................................................ 404 11.2 DIGITAL IMAGE FILTERING ....................................................................................... 411 11.2.1 2-D Filtering................................................................................................................ 411 11.2.2 2-D Correlation......................................................................................................... 412 11.2.3 2-D Wiener Filter...................................................................................................... 412 11.2.4 Smoothing Using LPF or Median Filter.................................................................... 413 11.2.5 Sharpening Using HPF or Gradient/Laplacian-Based Filter.................................. 414

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Won Y. Yang

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8972839965

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9788972839965

MATLAB/Simulink for Digital Communication

By: Won Y. Yang

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MATLAB/Simulink for Digital Communication

By: Won Y. Yang

Chapter 1: Fourier Analysis 1 1.1 CONTINUOUS-TIME FOURIER SERIES (CTFS)................................................................... 2 1.2 PROPERTIES OF CTFS............................................................................................................... 6 1.2.1 Time-Shifting Property....................................................................................................... 6 1.2.2 Frequency-Shifting Property ............................................................................................ 6 1.2.3 Modulation Property......................................................................................................... 6 1.3 CONTINUOUS-TIME FOURIER TRANSFORM (CTFT)....................................................... 7 1.4 PROPERTIES OF CTFT............................................................................................................. 13 1.4.1 Linearity............................................................................................................................ 13 1.4.2 Conjugate Symmetry........................................................................................................ 13 1.4.3 Real Translation (Time Shifting) and Complex Translation (Frequency Shifting)..... 14 1.4.4 Real Convolution and Correlation................................................................................... 14 1.4.5 Complex Convolution – Modulation/Windowing.......................................................... 14 1.4.6 Duality............................................................................................................................... 17 1.4.7 Parseval Relation - Power Theorem................................................................................ 18 1.5 DISCRETE-TIME FOURIER TRANSFORM (DTFT)............................................................ 18 1.6 DISCRETE-TIME FOURIER SERIES - DFS/DFT.................................................................. 19 1.7 SAMPLING THEOREM............................................................................................................. 21 1.7.1 Relationship between CTFS and DFS ........................................................................... 21 1.7.2 Relationship between CTFT and DTFT.......................................................................... 27 1.7.3 Sampling Theorem............................................................................................................ 27 1.8 POWER, ENERGY, AND CORRELATION............................................................................ 29 1.9 LOWPASS EQUIVALENT OF BANDPASS SIGNALS........................................................ 30 Chapter 2: PROBABILITY AND RANDOM PROCESSES 39 2.1 PROBABILITY........................................................................................................................... 39 2.1.1 Definition of Probability................................................................................................. 39 2.1.2 Joint Probability and Conditional Probability............................................................... 40 2.1.3 Probability Distribution/Density Function..................................................................... 41 2.1.4 Joint Probability Density Function................................................................................. 41 2.1.5 Condtional Probability Density Function...................................................................... 41 2.1.6 Independence................................................................................................................... 41 2.1.7 Function of a Random Variable...................................................................................... 42 2.1.8 Expectation, Covariance, and Correlation..................................................................... 43 2.1.9 Conditional Expectation.................................................................................................. 47 2.1.10 Central Limit Theorem - Normal Convergence Theorem............................................. 47 2.1.11 Random Processes............................................................................................................ 49 2.1.12 Stationary Processes and Ergodic Processes.................................................................. 51 2.1.13 Power Spectral Density (PSD)......................................................................................... 53 2.1.14 White Noise and Colored Noise...................................................................................... 53 2.2 LINEAR FILTERING OF A RANDOM PROCESS................................................................ 57 2.3 PSD OF A RANDOM PROCESS.............................................................................................. 58 2.4 FADING EFFECT OF A MULTIPATH CHANNEL............................................................... 58 Chapter 3: ANALOG MODULATION 71 3.1 AMPLITUDE MODULATION (AM)....................................................................................... 71 3.1.1 DSB (Double Sideband)-AM (Amplitude Modulation)............................................... 71 3.1.2 Conventional AM (Amplitude Modulation)................................................................ 75 3.1.3 SSB (Single Sideband)-AM(Amplitude Modulation)................................................. 78 3.2 ANGLE MODULATION (AGM) - FREQUENCY/PHASE MODULATIONS .................. 82 Chapter 4: ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERSION 87 4.1 QUANTIZATION........................................................................................................................ 87 4.1.1 Uniform Quantization..................................................................................................... 88 4.1.2 Non-uniform Quantization.............................................................................................. 89 4.1.3 Non-uniform Quantization Considering the Absolute Errors .................................... 91 4.2 Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)................................................................................................... 95 4.3 Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM)........................................................................... 97 4.4 Delta Modulation (DM)............................................................................................................. 100 Chapter 5: BASEBAND TRANSMISSION 107 5.1 RECEIVER (RCVR) and SNR ............................................................................................... 107 5.1.1 Receiver of RC Filter Type.......................................................................................... 109 5.1.2 Receiver of Matched Filter Type................................................................................. 110 5.1.3 Signal Correlator........................................................................................................... 112 5.2 PROBABILITY OF ERROR WITH SIGNALING................................................................ 114 5.2.1 Antipodal (Bipolar) Signaling...................................................................................... 114 5.2.2 On-Off Keying (OOK)/Unipolar Signaling................................................................. 118 5.2.3 Orthogonal Signaling.................................................................................................... 119 5.2.4 Signal Constellation Diagram...................................................................................... 121 5.2.5 Simulation of Binary Communication......................................................................... 123 5.2.6 Multi-Level(amplitude) PAM Signaling..................................................................... 127 5.2.7 Multi-Dimensional Signaling....................................................................................... 129 5.2.8 Bi-Orthogonal Signaling............................................................................................... 133 Chapter 6: BANDLIMITED CHANNEL AND EQUALIZER 139 6.1 BANDLIMITED CHANNEL................................................................................................... 139 6.1.1 Nyquist Bandwidth........................................................................................................ 139 6.1.2 Raised-Cosine Frequency Response............................................................................ 141 6.1.3 Partial Respone Signaling - Duobinary Signaling...................................................... 143 6.2 EQUALIZER............................................................................................................................. 148 6.2.1 Zero-Forcing Equalizer (ZFE)...................................................................................... 148 6.2.2 MMSE Equalizer (MMSEE)........................................................................................ 151 6.2.3 Adaptive Equalizer (ADE)........................................................................................... 154 6.2.4 Decision Feedback Equalizer (DFE)............................................................................ 155 Chapter 7: BANDPASS TRANSMISSION 169 7.1 AMPLITUDE SHIFT KEYING (ASK)................................................................................... 169 7.2 FREQUENCY SHIFT KEYING (FSK)................................................................................... 178 7.3 PHASE SHIFT KEYING (PSK)............................................................................................... 187 7.4 DIFFERENTIAL PHASE SHIFT KEYING (DPSK)............................................................. 190 7.5 QUADRATURE AMPLITUDE MODULATION (QAM).................................................... 195 7.6 COMPARISON OF VARIOUS SIGNALINGS...................................................................... 200 Chapter 8: CARRIER RECOVERY AND SYMBOL SYNCHRONIZATION 227 8.1 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................... 227 8.2 PLL (PHSE-LOCKED LOOP)................................................................................................. 228 8.3 ESTIMATION OF CARRIER PHASE USING PLL............................................................. 233 8.4 CARRIER PHASE RECOVERY............................................................................................. 235 8.4.1 Carrier Phase Recovery Using a Squaring Loop for BPSK Signals.......................... 235 8.4.2 Carrier Phase Recovery Using Costas Loop for PSK Signals.................................... 237 8.4.3 Carrier Phase Recovery for QAM Signals.................................................................. 240 8.5 SYMBOL SYNCHRONIZATION (TIMING RECOVERY)................................................ 243 8.5.1 Early-Late Gate Timing Recovery for BPSK Signals................................................ 243 8.5.2 NDA-ELD Synchronizer for PSK Signals.................................................................. 246 Chapter 9: INFORMATION AND CODING 257 9.1 MEASURE OF INFORMATION - ENTROPY...................................................................... 257 9.2 SOURCE CODING................................................................................................................... 259 9.2.1 Huffman Coding............................................................................................................ 259 9.2.2 Lempel-Zip-Welch Coding........................................................................................... 262 9.2.3 Source Coding vs. Channel Coding............................................................................. 265 9.3 CHANNEL MODEL AND CHANNEL CAPACITY............................................................ 266 9.4 CHANNEL CODING................................................................................................................ 271 9.4.1 Waveform Coding......................................................................................................... 272 9.4.2 Linear Block Coding..................................................................................................... 273 9.4.3 Cyclic Coding................................................................................................................ 282 9.4.4 Convolutional Coding and Viterbi Decoding.............................................................. 287 9.4.5 Trellis-Coded Modulation (TCM)................................................................................ 296 9.4.6 Turbo Coding................................................................................................................. 300 9.4.7 Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) Coding............................................................... 311 9.4.8 Differential Space-Time Block Coding (DSTBC)...................................................... 316 9.5 CODING GAIN ....................................................................................................................... 319 Chapter 10: SPREAD-SPECTRUM SYSTEM 339 10.1 PN (Pseudo Noise) Sequence..................................................................................................... 339 10.2 DS-SS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum)............................................................................. 347 10.3 FH-SS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum)........................................................................ 352 Chapter 11: OFDM SYSTEM 359 11.1 OVERVIEW OF OFDM......................................................................................................... 359 11.2 FREQUENCY BAND AND BANDWIDTH EFFICIENCY OF OFDM............................ 363 11.3 CARRIER RECOVERY AND SYMBOL SYNCHRONIZATION.......................................... 364 11.4 CHANNEL ESTIMATION AND EQUALIZATION.......................................................... 381 11.5 INTERLEAVING AND DEINTERLEAVING..................................................................... 384 11.6 PUNCTURING AND DEPUNCTURING............................................................................ 386 11.7 IEEE STANDARD 802.11A - 1999....................................................................................... 388

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Won Y. Yang

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ISBN 10

8972839981

ISBN 13

9788972839989

Circuit Systems with MATLAB and PSpice

By: Won Y. Yang

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Circuit Systems with MATLAB and PSpice

By: Won Y. Yang

1. Instead of the conventional method using the general/particular solutions to solve differential equations for the circuits containing inductors/capacitors, this book lays emphasis on the Laplace transform method for solving differential equations. We recommend taking the Laplace transform of electric circuits (containing inductors/capacitors) and setting up the transformed circuit equations directly in the unified framework (as if they were just made of resistors and sources) rather than setting up the circuit equations in the form of differential equations and then taking their Laplace transforms to solve them. The Laplace transform and the inverse Laplace transform are introduced in the Appendix. 2. This book presents several MATLAB programs that can be used to get the Laplace transformed solutions, take their inverse Laplace transforms, and plot the solutions along the time or frequency axis. The MATLAB programs can save a lot of time and effort for obtaining the solutions in the time domain or frequency domain so that readers can concentrate on establishing circuit equations, gaining insights to the problems, and making observations/interpretations of the solutions. 3. This book also introduces step by step how to use OrCAD/PSpice for circuit simulations. For circuit problems taking much time to solve by hand, the readers are recommended to use MATLAB and PSpice. This approach gives the readers not only information about the state of the art, but also self-confidence on the condition that the graphical solutions obtained by using the two software tools agree with each other. The OrCAD/PSpice is introduced in the Appendix. However, the portion of MATLAB and PSpice is kept not large lest the readers should be addicted to just using the software and tempted to neglect the importance of the basic circuit theory. 4. We make each example show something different from other examples so that readers can efficiently acquire the essential circuit analysis techniques and gain insights into the various types of circuits. On the other hand, instead of repeating similar exercise problems, we make most exercise problems arouse readers’ interest in practical application or help form a view for circuit application and design. 5. For representative examples, the analytical solutions are presented together with the results of MATLAB analysis (close to the theory) and PSpice simulation (close to the experiment) in the form of trinity. We are sure that this style of presentation will interest many students, attracting their attention to the topics on circuits efficiently. 6. Unlike most circuit books with a similar title, our book deals with positive-feedback op-amp circuits as well as negative-feedback op-amp circuits.

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550

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Won Y. Yang

Published Date

ISBN 10

8972839957

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9788972839958

MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB

By: Yong Soo Cho,Jaekwon Kim,Won Y. Yang,Chung G. Kang

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MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB

By: Yong Soo Cho,Jaekwon Kim,Won Y. Yang,Chung G. Kang

MIMO-OFDM is a key technology for next-generation cellular communications (3GPP-LTE, Mobile WiMAX, IMT-Advanced) as well as wireless LAN (IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11n), wireless PAN (MB-OFDM), and broadcasting (DAB, DVB, DMB). In MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®, the authors provide a comprehensive introduction to the theory and practice of wireless channel modeling, OFDM, and MIMO, using MATLAB® programs to simulate the various techniques on MIMO-OFDM systems. One of the only books in the area dedicated to explaining simulation aspects Covers implementation to help cement the key concepts Uses materials that have been classroom-tested in numerous universities Provides the analytic solutions and practical examples with downloadable MATLAB® codes Simulation examples based on actual industry and research projects Presentation slides with key equations and figures for instructor use MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB® is a key text for graduate students in wireless communications. Professionals and technicians in wireless communication fields, graduate students in signal processing, as well as senior undergraduates majoring in wireless communications will find this book a practical introduction to the MIMO-OFDM techniques. Instructor materials and MATLAB® code examples available for download at www.wiley.com/go/chomimo

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458

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John Wiley & Sons

Published Date

ISBN 10

0470825626

ISBN 13

9780470825624

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