Face the challenge of change in the global agricultural trade market! This insightful book presents a comprehensive overview of the trade situation facing agriculture in the 21st century. This esteemed collection of the field?s foremost researchers evaluates anticipated changes to the agricultural trade market and the competitiveness of commodities and products resulting from existing and potential international policies. Agricultural Trade Policies in the New Millennium provides an in-depth understanding of multilateral trade negotiations (past, present, and future) and the impact of regionalism on agricultural trade. It also analyzes trade issues specific to individual commodities, such as rice, wheat, and cotton. Agricultural Trade Policies in the New Millennium consolidates essential trade research into a one-of-a-kind reference source for economists, academics, and agriculture professionals. The book provides a detailed overview of current and potential trade situations, divided into three concise sections: key issues influencing trade negotiations from the perspective of developed and developing countries and the environment; commodity trade and trade policy issues concerning competitiveness and the international policy environment for coarse grains, cotton, rice, sugar, and wheat; and general issues related to multilateral and regional trade agreements, including policy tools within the World Trade Organization, anti-dumping actions, regionalism, price volatility, and the macroeconomic effects of trade liberalization. Agricultural Trade Policies in the New Millennium examines: key issues influencing trade negotiations commodity trade and trade policy issues issues and concerns related to multilateral and regional trade negotiations challenges facing trade policy prospects for the agricultural sector in the new millennium With international policy issues like the WTO’s Millennium Round and the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) in negotiation and a new United States farm bill pending, Agricultural Trade Policies in the New Millennium provides much-needed textbook analysis by expert researchers. This vital book will keep you in touch with current trade negotiations and policy decisions that are certain to hold major implications for the agricultural sector.
Chapter 1: Vectors and Matrices 1.1 Vectors 1.1.1 Geometry with Vector 1.1.2 Dot Product 1.1.3 Cross Product 1.1.4 Lines and Planes 1.1.5 Vector Space 1.1.6 Coordinate Systems 1.1.7 Gram-Schmidt Orthonolization 1.2 Matrices 1.2.1 Matrix Algebra 1.2.2 Rank and Row/Column Spaces 1.2.3 Determinant and Trace 1.2.4 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors 1.2.5 Inverse of a Matrix 1.2.6 Similarity Transformation and Diagonalization 1.2.7 Special Matrices 1.2.8 Positive Definiteness 1.2.9 Matrix Inversion Lemma 1.2.10 LU, Cholesky, QR, and Singular Value Decompositions 1.2.11 Physical Meaning of Eigenvalues/Eigenvectors 1.3 Systems of Linear Equations 1.3.1 Nonsingular Case 1.3.2 Undetermined Case - Minimum-Norm Solution 1.3.3 Overdetermined Case - Least-Squares Error Solution 1.3.4 Gauss(ian) Elimination 1.3.5 RLS (Recursive Least Squares) Algorithm Problems Chapter 2: Vector Calculus 2.1 Derivatives 2.2 Vector Functions 2.3 Velocity and Acceleration 2.4 Divergence and Curl 2.5 Line Integrals and Path Independence 2.5.1 Line Integrals 2.5.2 Path Independence 2.6 Double Integrals 2.7 Green's Theorem 2.8 Surface Integrals 2.9 Stokes' Theorem 2.10 Triple Integrals 2.11 Divergence Theorem Problems Chapter 3: Ordinary Differential Equation 3.1 First-Order Differential Equations 3.1.1 Separable Equations 3.1.2 Exact Differential Equations and Integrating Factors 3.1.3 Linear First-Order Differential Equations 3.1.4 Nonlinear First-Order Differential Equations 3.1.5 Systems of First-Order Differential Equations 3.2 Higher-Order Differential Equations 3.2.1 Undetermined Coefficients 3.2.2 Variation of Parameters 3.2.3 Cauchy-Euler Equations 3.2.4 Systems of Linear Differential Equations 3.3 Special Second-Order Linear ODEs 3.3.1 Bessel's Equation 3.3.2 Legendre's Equation 3.3.3 Chebyshev's Equation 3.3.4 Hermite's Equation 3.3.5 Laguerre's Equation 3.4 Boundary Value Problems Problems Chapter 4: Laplace Transform 4.1 Definition of the Laplace Transform 4.1.1 Laplace Transform of the Unit Step Function 4.1.2 Laplace Transform of the Unit Impulse Function 4.1.3 Laplace Transform of the Ramp Function 4.1.4 Laplace Transform of the Exponential Function 4.1.5 Laplace Transform of the Complex Exponential Function 4.2 Properties of the Laplace Transform 4.2.1 Linearity 4.2.2 Time Differentiation 4.2.3 Time Integration 4.2.4 Time Shifting - Real Translation 4.2.5 Frequency Shifting - Complex Translation 4.2.6 Real Convolution 4.2.7 Partial Differentiation 4.2.8 Complex Differentiation 4.2.9 Initial Value Theorem (IVT) 4.2.10 Final Value Theorem (FVT) 4.3 The Inverse Laplace Transform 4.4 Using of the Laplace Transform 4.5 Transfer Function of a Continuous-Time System Problems 300 Chapter 5: The Z-transform 5.1 Definition of the Z-transform 5.2 Properties of the Z-transform 5.2.1 Linearity 5.2.2 Time Shifting - Real Translation 5.2.3 Frequency Shifting - Complex Translation 5.2.4 Time Reversal 5.2.5 Real Convolution 5.2.6 Complex Convolution 5.2.7 Complex Differentiation 5.2.8 Partial Differentiation 5.2.9 Initial Value Theorem 5.2.10 Final Value Theorem 5.3 The Inverse Z-transform 5.4 Using The Z-transform 5.5 Transfer Function of a Discrete-Time System 5.6 Differential Equation and Difference Equation Problems Chapter 6: Fourier Series and Fourier Transform 6.1 Continuous-Time Fourier Series (CTFS) 6.1.1 Definition and Convergence Conditions 6.1.2 Examples of CTFS 6.2 Continuous-Time Fourier Transform (CTFT) 6.2.1 Definition and Convergence Conditions 6.2.2 (Generalized) CTFT of Periodic Signals 6.2.3 Examples of CTFT 6.2.4 Properties of CTFT 6.3 Discrete-Time Fourier Transform (DTFT) 6.3.1 Definition and Convergence Conditions 6.3.2 Examples of DTFT 6.3.3 DTFT of Periodic Sequences 6.3.4 Properties of DTFT 6.4 Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) 6.5 Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) 6.5.1 Decimation-in-Time (DIT) FFT 6.5.2 Decimation-in-Frequency (DIF) FFT 6.5.3 Computation of IDFT Using FFT Algorithm 6.5.4 Interpretation of DFT Results 6.6 Fourier-Bessel/Legendre/Chebyshev/Cosine/Sine Series 6.6.1 Fourier-Bessel Series 6.6.2 Fourier-Legendre Series 6.6.3 Fourier-Chebyshev Series 6.6.4 Fourier-Cosine/Sine Series Problems Chapter 7: Partial Differential Equation 7.1 Elliptic PDE 7.2 Parabolic PDE 7.2.1 The Explicit Forward Euler Method 7.2.2 The Implicit Forward Euler Method 7.2.3 The Crank-Nicholson Method 7.2.4 Using the MATLAB Function 'pdepe()' 7.2.5 Two-Dimensional Parabolic PDEs 7.3 Hyperbolic PDES 7.3.1 The Explict Central Difference Method 7.3.2 Tw-Dimensional Hyperbolic PDEs 7.4 PDES in Other Coordinate Systems 7.4.1 PDEs in Polar/Cylindrical Coordinates 7.4.2 PDEs in Spherical Coordinates 7.5 Laplace/Fourier Transforms for Solving PDES 7.5.1 Using the Laplace Transform for PDEs 7.5.2 Using the Fourier Transform for PDEs Problems Chapter 8: Complex Analysis 509 8.1 Functions of a Complex Variable 8.1.1 Complex Numbers and their Powers/Roots 8.1.2 Functions of a Complex Variable 8.1.3 Cauchy-Riemann Equations 8.1.4 Exponential and Logarithmic Functions 8.1.5 Trigonometric and Hyperbolic Functions 8.1.6 Inverse Trigonometric/Hyperbolic Functions 8.2 Conformal Mapping 8.2.1 Conformal Mappings 8.2.2 Linear Fractional Transformations 8.3 Integration of Complex Functions 8.3.1 Line Integrals and Contour Integrals 8.3.2 Cauchy-Goursat Theorem 8.3.3 Cauchy's Integral Formula 8.4 Series and Residues 8.4.1 Sequences and Series 8.4.2 Taylor Series 8.4.3 Laurent Series 8.4.4 Residues and Residue Theorem 8.4.5 Real Integrals Using Residue Theorem Problems Chapter 9: Optimization 9.1 Unconstrained Optimization 9.1.1 Golden Search Method 9.1.2 Quadratic Approximation Method 9.1.3 Nelder-Mead Method 9.1.4 Steepest Descent Method 9.1.5 Newton Method 9.2 Constrained Optimization 9.2.1 Lagrange Multiplier Method 9.2.2 Penalty Function Method 9.3 MATLAB Built-in Functions for Optimization 9.3.1 Unconstrained Optimization 9.3.2 Constrained Optimization 9.3.3 Linear Programming (LP) 9.3.4 Mixed Integer Linear Programing (MILP) Problems Chapter 10: Probability 10.1 Probability 10.1.1 Definition of Probability 10.1.2 Permutations and Combinations 10.1.3 Joint Probability, Conditional Probability, and Bayes' Rule 10.2 Random Variables 10.2.1 Random Variables and Probability Distribution/Density Function 10.2.2 Joint Probability Density Function 10.2.3 Conditional Probability Density Function 10.2.4 Independence 10.2.5 Function of a Random Variable 10.2.6 Expectation, Variance, and Correlation 10.2.7 Conditional Expectation 10.2.8 Central Limit Theorem - Normal Convergence Theorem 10.3 ML Estimator and MAP Estimator 653 Problems
Cultural Blending in Korean Death Rites examines the cultural encounter of Confucianism and Christianity with particular reference to death rites in Korea. As its overarching interpretive framework, this book employs the idea of the 'total social phenomenon', a concept first introduced by the French anthropologist Marcel Mauss (1872-1950). From the perspective of the total social phenomenon, this book utilizes a combination of theological, historical, sociological and anthropological approaches, and explores Korean death rites by classifying them into three categories: ritual before death (Bible copying), ritual at death (funerary rites),and ritual after death (ancestral ritual). It focuses on Christian practices as they epitomize the complex interplay of Confucianism and Christianity. By drawing on a total social phenomenon approach to the empirical case of Korean death rites, Chang-Won Park contributes to the advancement of theory and method in religious studies.
The 2006 Asian International Workshop on Advanced Reliability Modeling (AIWARM) is the second symposium in a series of biennial workshops for the dissemination of state-of-art research and the presentation of practice in reliability and maintenance engineering in Asia. It brings together researchers and engineers from not only Asian countries but also all over world to discuss the state of research and practice in dealing with both reliability issues at the system design phase and maintenance issues at the system operation phase. The theme of AIWARM 2006 is OC reliability testing and improvementOCO. The contributions in this volume cover all the main topics in reliability and maintenance engineering, providing an in-depth presentation of theory and practice. Sample Chapter(s). Chapter 1: Optimal Burn-In for Minimizing Total Warranty Cost (311 KB). Contents: System and Network Reliability; Optimization in Reliability Engineering; Maintenance; Advanced Warranty Modeling; Software Reliability; Acceleration Testing and Failure Analysis; Statistical Analysis and Reliability Modeling; Stochastic Models; Statistical Quality Control. Readership: Graduate students and researchers and as well as reliability, maintenance and industrial engineers.
Encounters involving different cultures and languages are increasingly the norm in the era of globalization. While considerable attention has been paid to how languages and cultures transform in the era of globalization, their characteristic features prior to transformation are frequently taken for granted. This pioneering book argues that globalization offers an unprecedented opportunity to revisit fundamental assumptions about what distinguishes languages and cultures from each other in the first place. It takes the case of global Korea, showing how the notion of 'culture' is both represented but also reinvented in public space, with examples from numerous sites across Korea and Koreatowns around the world. It is not merely about locating spaces where translingualism happens but also about exploring the various ways in which linguistic and cultural difference come to be located via translingualism. It will appeal to anyone interested in the globalization of language and culture.
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