Stochastically-Based Semantic Analysis investigates the problem of automatic natural language understanding in a spoken language dialog system. The focus is on the design of a stochastic parser and its evaluation with respect to a conventional rule-based method. Stochastically-Based Semantic Analysis will be of most interest to researchers in artificial intelligence, especially those in natural language processing, computational linguistics, and speech recognition. It will also appeal to practicing engineers who work in the area of interactive speech systems.
KI ist ein weltweiter Megatrend. Bedeutung, Leistung und Komplexität von KI-Lösungen nehmen rasant zu und daher wächst auch der Bedarf, einen Überblick über die relevanten KI-Lösungen zu behalten und die damit verbundenen Prioritäten und Risiken zu managen. Das vorgestellte AI Methods, Capabilities and Criticality Grid (AI-MC2-Grid) stellt eine Methode und ein Werkzeug dar, um diesen Überblick zu gewinnen und die KI-Lösungen zu verwalten. Nutzer des AI-MC2-Grid können Manager, Entwickler und Anwender von KI-Lösungen sein, aber auch Investoren, Politiker und Regelsetzer, die den Markt verstehen und bestimmte KI-Lösungen verwalten wollen.Das AI-MC2-Grid besteht aus drei Dimensionen: KI-Methoden, KI-Fähigkeiten und die Kritikalität einer KI-Lösung. Jede diskutierte KI-Lösung kann in diese drei Dimensionen eingeordnet werden, so dass ähnliche KI-Lösungen verglichen werden können. Alternativ können komplexe KI-Lösungen anhand ihrer Komponenten analysiert werden. KI-Methoden entsprechen dabei typischen KI-Algorithmen, während KI-Fähigkeiten typischen Prozessschritten zum Aufbau intelligenter Workflows beschreiben. Sind die relevanten KI-Methoden und KI-Fähigkeiten einer bestimmten KI-Lösung gefunden, können Leistung, Folgen und mögliche Risiken und Alternativen diskutiert werden. Basierend auf der Klassifizierung stellt das Schadenspotenzial von Künstlicher Intelligenz eine bestimmte Stufe der Kritikalität dar. In diesem Zuge steigen mit zunehmender Kritikalität auch die Anforderungen an Tests, Kalibrierung, Inspektion, Kontrolle und Zertifizierung. Das AI-MC2-Grid eine leistungsfähige Methode und ein Werkzeug, um alle Arten von kommenden Normen und Standards von KI-Lösungen zu definieren und zu verwalten.Aus diesem guten Grund steht das AI-MC2-Grid im Mittelpunkt der Deutschen Normungsroadmap für Künstlichen Intelligenz, die als Werkzeug zur Unterstützung der Entwicklung und des Managements zukünftiger KI-Standards und -Normen
Reasoning for Information: Seeking and Planning Dialogues provides a logic-based reasoning component for spoken language dialogue systems. This component, called Problem Assistant is responsible for processing constraints on a possible solution obtained from various sources, namely user and the system's domain-specific information. The authors also present findings on the implementation of a dialogue management interface to the Problem Assistant. The dialogue system supports simple mixed-initiative planning interactions in the TRAINS domain, which is still a relatively complex domain involving a number of logical constraints and relations forming the basis for the collaborative problem-solving behavior that drives the dialogue.
In this book, a novel approach that combines speech-based emotion recognition with adaptive human-computer dialogue modeling is described. With the robust recognition of emotions from speech signals as their goal, the authors analyze the effectiveness of using a plain emotion recognizer, a speech-emotion recognizer combining speech and emotion recognition, and multiple speech-emotion recognizers at the same time. The semi-stochastic dialogue model employed relates user emotion management to the corresponding dialogue interaction history and allows the device to adapt itself to the context, including altering the stylistic realization of its speech. This comprehensive volume begins by introducing spoken language dialogue systems and providing an overview of human emotions, theories, categorization and emotional speech. It moves on to cover the adaptive semi-stochastic dialogue model and the basic concepts of speech-emotion recognition. Finally, the authors show how speech-emotion recognizers can be optimized, and how an adaptive dialogue manager can be implemented. The book, with its novel methods to perform robust speech-based emotion recognition at low complexity, will be of interest to a variety of readers involved in human-computer interaction.
Reasoning with Complex Cases emphasizes case retrieval methods based on structured cases as they are relevant for planning, configuration, and design, and provides a systematic view of the case reuse phase, centering on complex situations. So far, books on case-based reasoning considered comparatively simple situations only. This book is a coherent work, not a selection of separate contributions, and consists largely of original research results using examples taken from industrial design, biology, medicine, jurisprudence and other areas. Reasoning with Complex Cases is suitable as a secondary text for graduate-level courses on case-based reasoning and as a reference for practitioners applying conventional CBR systems or techniques.
Motivation for this Book Ontologies have received increasing attention over the last two decades. Their roots can be traced back to the ancient philosophers, who were interested in a c- ceptualization of the world. In the more recent past, ontologies and ontological engineering have evolved in computer science, building on various roots such as logics, knowledge representation, information modeling and management, and (knowledge-based) information systems. Most recently, largely driven by the next generation internet, the so-called Semantic Web, ontological software engineering has developed into a scientific field of its own, which puts particular emphasis on the theoretical foundations of representation and reasoning, and on the methods and tools required for building ontology-based software applications in diverse domains. Though this field is largely dominated by computer science, close re- tionships have been established with its diverse areas of application, where - searchers are interested in exploiting the results of ontological software engine- ing, particularly to build large knowledge-intensive applications at high productivity and low maintenance effort. Consequently, a large number of scientific papers and monographs have been p- lished in the very recent past dealing with the theory and practice of ontological software engineering. So far, the majority of those books are dedicated to the th- retical foundations of ontologies, including philosophical treatises and their re- tionships to established methods in information systems and ontological software engineering.
Like most of Wolfgang Ernst’s work, Das Rumoren der Archiv explored the concept of archival and media theory from a current cultural digital context. Ernst challenges the traditional perspective of the cultural heritage institution and how it relied on media for creating, storing and disseminating digital information. Archives have a place in a digital society, and the archivist’s role will be more increasingly vital in the future. As Ernst points out, his work will show a way out of the archive, away from the notion that the era of archive is coming to an end. Here is the long-awaited English translation of this seminal work exploring cultural heritage before the archives, throughout history, and from today into the future. Ernst work emphasized a need to recognize media as a method for capturing and preserving our collective cultural identity. It is vital that archivists promoted a greater awareness of how media technology augmented the creation, management, and dissemination of digital content.
Adaptive Multimodal Interactive Systems introduces a general framework for adapting multimodal interactive systems and comprises a detailed discussion of each of the steps required for adaptation. This book also investigates how interactive systems may be improved in terms of usability and user friendliness while describing the exhaustive user tests employed to evaluate the presented approaches. After introducing general theory, a generic approach for user modeling in interactive systems is presented, ranging from an observation of basic events to a description of higher-level user behavior. Adaptations are presented as a set of patterns similar to those known from software or usability engineering.These patterns describe recurring problems and present proven solutions. The authors include a discussion on when and how to employ patterns and provide guidance to the system designer who wants to add adaptivity to interactive systems. In addition to these patterns, the book introduces an adaptation framework, which exhibits an abstraction layer using Semantic Web technology.Adaptations are implemented on top of this abstraction layer by creating a semantic representation of the adaptation patterns. The patterns cover both graphical interfaces as well as speech-based and multimodal interactive systems.
The book gives an overview about automation technology over the last 50 years, based on my own experiences. It is a good summery for automation since 1970 for all who want to know about the context of automation developments and their standards. It is a fundamental summery and enables the reader to get experience in the complex field of automation. In detail the question is arised, whether Industry 4.0, China 2025, IoT, AI are a revolution or more an evolution of timewise established availbale technologies in HW, SW and algorithms. Is the hype about Industry 4.0 justified or not? In that context a timelline since 1970 ist shown for AI, ANN, essential milestones in automation, e.g OSI-model, automation pyramid, standards for bus systems, main SW-languages, robots, AI, ANN, pattern recognittion, Ethernet, the 12 most important international field busses, their main features and characterisitcs, foundation of committees, harmonization and standardization efforts, OPC UA and cloud computing, field devices, PLCs, SCADA, MES, ERP and automation history. All that history is seen in the context of μ-controller, DSP (Digital signal processor), FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays), ASICs (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit) , Chip on Board. It is include the HW-history, from Intel 8080 to octuple multicore processors. In the same way it is shown the history of field device out from laboratory into the field with all difficulties and benefits of that transition. The issues are summerized in a pyramid of complexity. Requirements for robustness and safety are shown for field devices. In the same way it is shown the development of mainframes, workstations and PC’s. SAP a leading ERP System is explained in mor detail. Specially it is figured out how SAP works and what has to be considered in working with such kind of system. The differences between MES- and ERP-systems are discussed, specially also for future combined SAP/MES systems. Explained are the problems of middlesized companies (SMEs) in dealing with Industry 4.0 and automation. Further examples are given and discussed for automized quality control in automotvie, PCB-handling, CIGS (Solar cell)-production. Also shown is the upgrade for older products and make them ready for automation standards. In detail the history oft he modern robotics is shown for the automotive industry. In summery also is figured out the Industry 5.0 which is just coming up more and more.
Digitalization is changing nearly everything. This compendium highlights a comprehensive understanding of the concepts and technologies about digitalization in industrial environments, using the Industrial Internet of Things, Digital Twins and data-driven decision-making approaches including Artificial Intelligence.The overview of industrial enterprise platforms and the consideration of future trends gives a fundamental idea of concepts and strategies, how to get started and about the required changes of business models.
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