The papyrological writings of Philodemus of Gadara continue to yield crucial new insights on key aspects of ancient Epicureanism. In fact, they even shed light on the Epicurean paragon of human wisdom and happiness itself: the sage. From the many references to the wise person’s characteristics that can be found scattered throughout Philodemus’ ethics, a uniquely detailed and multifaceted portrait of the Epicurean sage emerges. This is the first book-length study of the Epicurean sage. It explores the different aspects of the sage’s way of life and offers a reconstruction of this Epicurean role model, as envisaged by Philodemus.
In the interwar period potential future military conflict seemed particularly devastating for military and civilian society alike, thanks to developments in chemical, air and armoured warfare. This study analyses how a small state, the Netherlands, approached this conundrum and aimed to survive a future war.
The small neutral states of Europe have until now only marginally been included in the historiography of the First World War. This volume deals in depth with The Netherlands, and specifically its war preparations. Being a small country close to the battlefield of the Western Front, it could not be sure its neutrality would be repected by the warring states. How did the country prepare itself militarily and how did these preparations differ from the way the warring states adjusted to the reality of modern, total war? Was modern, technological warfare even possible for small states and if not, in what way could it ensure its survival when the worst came to worst? This volume analyses technological innovation, intelligence and ideas on the societal and political impact of modern warfare in The Netherlands before, during and after the Great War.
In the world of architectural conservation, there is little tolerance for reconstructing or even protecting historic facades when everything behind is modern, and even less for reconstructing a building that has been completely destroyed. These offenses are considered lies against history. In this thoughtful, revealing work, conservation expert Wim Denslagen traces this predilection for honesty to the legacy of Functionalism, a Romantic-era movement that denounced the building of pseudo-architecture in favor of a new, rational form of building. With detailed analyses of headline-making restoration projects from Bruges to Berlin, Denslagen shows that the adoption of these romantic values by conservationists gave rise to a new wave of modern additions and transformations.
Less than 50 years ago it was discovered that steady-state protein concentrations in plasma are the net result of continuous elimination and synthesis of protein molecules. The first quanti tative studies on the turnover and distribution of plasma pro teins were made around 1950, after the introduction of radio labeled protein preparations. Around 1970, another development in quantitative interpre tation of circulating proteins was initiated in clinical enzy mology. Estimation of cumulative release into plasma of cellular enzymes can be helpful in a variety of diseases to assess the extent of tissue damage and to evaluate therapy. Enzymes can be considered as biological tracers, i.e. minute quantities of protein can be accurately determined by their spe cific catalytic activities. However, radioactive tracers permit direct estimates of turnover and distr ibution by measurement of excreted radioactivity, possibilities that are not available for enzymes. Consequently, only a few techniques used in tracer studies with radiolabeled proteins can be applied to circulating tissue enzymes and this may explain the lack of communication between the fields of plasma protein metabolism and quantitative clinical enzymology. In the present study a summary is given of the basic methods used in both fields, with emphasis on the equivalence of various models and formalisms used by different authors. It is shown that major limitations in the study of circulating tissue enzymes can be overcome if two different, but simultaneously released, en zymes can be measured. The resulting method will also be applied to plasma protein metabolism.
In its 1500-year history, the English language has seen dramatic grammatical changes. This book offers a comprehensive and reader-friendly account of the major developments, including changes in word order, the noun phrase and verb phrase, changing relations between clausal constituents and the development of new subordinate constructions. The book puts forward possible explanations for change, drawing on the existing and most recent literature, and with reference to the major theoretical models. The authors use corpus evidence to investigate language-internal and language-external motivations for change, including the impact of language contact. The book is intended for students who have been introduced to the history of English and want to deepen their understanding of major grammatical changes, and for linguists in general with a historical interest. It will also be of value to literary scholars professionally engaged with older texts.
By and large, EU financial integration has been a success story. Still, the reform agenda is far from finished. What are the remaining challenges? What are the gains of closer financial market integration? This IMF book tracks the European Union's journey along the path to a single financial market and identifies the challenges and priorities that remain ahead. It pays particular attention to the most recent integration efforts in the European Union following the introduction of the euro. The study looks at the importance of financial integration, in particular for economic growth, the interplay between banks and markets, and equity market integration. It closely examines the relationship between financial integration and financial stability. This interaction presents the European Union with a challenge, but also with the opportunity to play a pioneering role in developing a regional approach to financial stability that could provide lessons for the rest of the world.
Special Offer: KWR Drinking Water Treatment Set - Buy all five books together and save a total £119! Ever since the recognition of the important role of water in the transmission of pathogenic micro-organisms in the 19th century, microbiological safety of drinking water has been a major research issue for microbiologists in the drinking water industry. The main objective of this book is to develop a general strategy to assess elimination capacity of water treatment processes for pathogens. It investigates: The potential use of faecal indicators Coli44, (including E. coli) and SSRC, (including C. perfringens) as process indicators to assess pathogen elimination in full-scale water treatment plants. The value of comparative challenge tests with pre-cultured organisms for the assessment of elimination capacity of full-scale processes, to study the effect of process conditions and to validate the use of process indicators. The use of literature data to assess elimination capacity of water treatment processes for pathogens and the effect of process conditions on this. Visit the IWA WaterWiki to read and share material related to this title: http://www.iwawaterwiki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Articles/WaterbornePathogens
Historically, lack of specificity for cancer cells has been a major problem in cancer treatment; however, the development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), which combine high specificity with multiple mechanisms of action (MoAs), started a revolution in anti-cancer treatment options which continues to date. As of January 2013, 15 major antibody products were being marketed for cancer treatment in various countries around the globe, 10 of which are unmodified mAbs, which generally have multiple potential MoAs and may act via direct, Fab-domain-related effects or indirect, Fc-domain-related effects. Fc-domain-related effects consist of immune-mediated effector functions, which include complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). ADCC and ADCP depend on the engagement of Fcγ-receptors (FcγR) on immune effector cells by Fc-domains clustered due to antibody–antigen binding. Similarly, CDC depends on the engagement of proteins of the complement system by clustered antibody Fc domains. In this chapter, preclinical and clinical studies with approved anti-cancer mAbs are reviewed, with an emphasis on the role of FcγR-mediated effector functions. The importance of therapeutic antibody–FcγR interactions for human treatment can be deduced from correlations of clinical responses with FcγR polymorphisms, results supported by a wealth of preclinical and in vitro studies.
A scathing critique of proposals to geoengineer our way out of climate disaster by the bestselling author of How to Blow Up a Pipeline It might soon be far too hot on this planet. What do we do then? In the era of "overshoot," schemes abound for turning down the heat–not now, but a few decades down the road. We’re being told that we can return to liveable temperatures by means of technologies for removing CO2 from the air or blocking incoming sunlight.If they even exist, such technologies are not safe. They come with immense uncertainties and risks. Worse, like magical promises of future redemption, they might provide reasons for continuing to emit in the present. But do they also hold some potentials? In Overshoot two leading climate scholars subject the plans for saving the planet after it’s been wrecked to critical study. Carbon dioxide removal is already having effects, as an excuse for continuing business as usual, while geoengineering promises to bail out humanity if the heat reaches critical levels. Both distract from the one urgent task: to slash emissions now. There can be no further delay. The climate revolution is long overdue, and in the end, no technology can absolve us of its tasks.
The concept of open innovation (OI) has become a very popular topic during the last decade, with an increasing number of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) embracing OI practices to gain competitive advantage. With the majority of publications focusing on large firms, open innovation in SMEs has received scant attention from both scholars and practitioners. This book seeks to correct this imbalance by providing an in-depth study for both business managers and graduate-level students. Using rich, in-depth case studies from successful companies, it examines different approaches to managing OI in order to develop practical guidelines for implementation. It also highlights important differences between OI strategies in SMEs and large companies. Its findings will be of use to those studying or working in innovation management, open innovation, small business management and entrepreneurship.
Special Offer: KWR Drinking Water Treatment Set - Buy all five books together and save a total £119! The overall aim of Elimination of Micro-organisms by Water Treatment Processes is to present default values for the micro-organisms elimination or inactivation credit of universally used processes in water treatment (MEC or MIC). The growing interest in Quantitative Microbial Risk assessment (QMRA) for safe drinking water requires such data. These MEC or MIC values have been calculated from research on elimination of viruses, bacteria and bacterial spores and protozoa (oo)cysts (Cryptosporidium and Giardia) by these treatment processes published in the international literature. The data have been selected on the base of different quality criteria related to information on applied experimental conditions and used methods. Furthermore the studies have been categorized on base of their similarities with ‘real world’ conditions (selected micro-organisms, scale and conditions of the tested processes). The international literature data revealed a high variation in elimination. The major parameters and process control parameters affecting elimination are described. This new edition describes the state-of-the-art progress in research on conventional treatment, coagulation and flocculation, rapid granular filtration, slow sand filtration and UV disinfection. Visit the IWA WaterWiki to read and share material related to this title: http://www.iwawaterwiki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Articles/WaterbornePathogens
This topical insight in the role of cytokines in joint inflammation and joint destruction is important for a better understanding of key processes in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). Apart from the impact of well-known and novel cytokines on joint tissues, the various chapters address the issue of targeted therapy with biological response modifiers and future interventions with carefully designed inhibitors. Special attention is given to elements of synovial cell activation, cell-cell interaction, cytokine interplay as well as mechanisms of cartilage destruction and bone erosion. New information on the novel cytokines IL-15, IL-17 and IL-18 and their position in the complex cytokine interplay is provided, in addition to an outline of the role of established cytokines, such as TNF, IL-1 and IL-6. Cytokine regulation of destructive enzymes, RANKL, the endogenous inhibitor OPG and their crucial roles as central players in joint erosion are highlighted. This volume gives a complete and balanced view on pivotal cytokines and joint pathology for the biomedical and clinical researcher.
De hertogen van Bourgondië hebben een onmiskenbaar stempel gedrukt op de geschiedenis van de Nederlanden. Onder hun bewind, van 1384 tot 1477, integreerden de vorstendommen binnen de grenzen van het huidige Nederland, België en Luxemburg tot een nieuwe staat. Dit boek belicht verschillende aspecten van de staatkundige, economische en sociale integratie van de Bourgondische en Habsburgse Nederlanden en de hieruit voortvloeiende conflicten en culturele uitingen. Alle bijdragen zijn geschreven door voormalige promovendi van Wim Blockmans, die van 1987 tot 2010 hoogleraar middeleeuwse geschiedenis was aan de Universiteit Leiden. De artikelen zijn gegroepeerd rondom vier verschillende thema's: vorsten en hoven; edelen en ambtenaren; mensen en markten; recht, oorlog en Opstand. Dankzij de ruime opvatting van de 'Bourgondische' geschiedenis levert dit boek een vernieuwende bijdrage aan de geschiedenis van een land dat zijn verleden maar al te vaak reduceert tot de Gouden Eeuw en daarna"--Provided by publisher.
The last few years have seen the rapid development of new methodology in the field of molecular biology. New techniques have been regularly intro duced and the sensitivity of older techniques greatly improved upon. Developments in the field of genetic engineering in particular have con tributed a wide range of new techniques. In Volume 1, published in 1983, we introduced the reader to a selection of the more advanced analytical and preparative techniques which we considered to be frequently used by research workers in the field of molecular biology. In choosing techniques for Volume 1 we obviously had to be selective and were unable to cover as broad a spectrum of techniques as we would have liked. However, the pro duction of Volume 2 has allowed us to develop the theme initiated in Volume 1 and also expand to include a wider range of subject areas. As with Volume 1, the majority of chapters relate to nucleic acid method ology, but we have also covered immunological methodology and protein 1. Obviously, we purification techniques that were not included in Volume see Volume 2 as simply a continuation of Volume 1. As with Volume 1, a knowledge of certain basic biochemical techniques and terminology has been assumed. However, since many areas of molecular biology are developing at a formidable rate and constantly generating new termin ology, a glossary of terms has been included.
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