This book takes up the debate about matching vocational education with the labour market and shows progress in terms of theoretical models tools (transformation and matching processes), and learning environments. The contributions address the concepts of qualifications and skilling, the role, strengths and weaknesses of practical training, and models and processes of becoming skilled. Whether or not one should try to plan the content of vocational programs in accordance with changing qualifications requirements and skill needs in the labour market is the essential question.