The field of phase transfer catalysis is a tribute to the chemists involved in process development research. Phase transfer catalysis is a solution to numerous cost and yield problems encountered regularly in industrial laboratories. In fact, much of the early work in this area was conducted by industrial chemists although the work was not labelled phase transfer catalysis at the time. We certainly do not intend to minimize the contributions of academic chemists to this field, but it is an unalterable fact that much of the early understanding and many of the early advances came from industrial laboratories. A special tribute is due to Dr. Charles Starks of the Continental Oil Company. By the mid sixties, Starks had formulated the principles of phase transfer catalysis and had applied for patents on many reactions that others were later to examine in somewhat greater detail. His mechanistic model of phase transfer catalysis still stands up well today and is a model for much of the thinking in this area. It is fitting that Starks suggested the name "phase transfer catalysis" by which the whole field is now known. We wish to thank a number of people who have aided us in many ways in the preparation of this volume. We very much appreciate the helpful discussions and insights provided by Drs. Henry Stevens and Andrew Kaman of PPG Industries in Barberton, Ohio. We also thank Dr. L. A.
Metabolic Basis of Detoxication: Metabolism of Functional Groups considers the possible fates of the relatively circumscribed number of functional groups that xenobiotics bear. An understanding of the possible reactions, and the chemical and biological factors influencing them, will contribute to the overall predictability of the fate of "real" molecules. This approach attempts to knit together the understanding of metabolic pathways with that of the enzymes that catalyze the specific steps. The book contains 18 chapters and begins with a discussion of the biological oxidation of carbon atoms. This is followed by separate chapters on the metabolism of halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons, aryl halides, heterocyclic rings, alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones. Subsequent chapters cover oxidative processes such as metabolic dealkylations and biological oxidation at nitrogen centers; the reduction of nitro and azo compounds and tertiary amine N-oxides; the oxidation, alkylation, acylation, and glycosylation of mercaptans; epoxide metabolism; and conjugation of phenols. The book aims to inform and interest the pharmacologist and toxicologist concerning the biochemical aspects and to orient the biochemist to the pharmacological insights required in dealing with the metabolism of xenobiotics.
Offering unparalleled coverage of infectious diseases in children and adolescents, Feigin & Cherry’s Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases 8th Edition, continues to provide the information you need on epidemiology, public health, preventive medicine, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and much more. This extensively revised edition by Drs. James Cherry, Gail J. Demmler-Harrison, Sheldon L. Kaplan, William J. Steinbach, and Peter J. Hotez, offers a brand-new full-color design, new color images, new guidelines, and new content, reflecting today’s more aggressive infectious and resistant strains as well as emerging and re-emerging diseases Discusses infectious diseases according to organ system, as well as individually by microorganisms, placing emphasis on the clinical manifestations that may be related to the organism causing the disease. Provides detailed information regarding the best means to establish a diagnosis, explicit recommendations for therapy, and the most appropriate uses of diagnostic imaging. Features expanded information on infections in the compromised host; immunomodulating agents and their potential use in the treatment of infectious diseases; and Ebola virus. Contains hundreds of new color images throughout, as well as new guidelines, new resistance epidemiology, and new Global Health Milestones. Includes new chapters on Zika virus and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Expert ConsultTM eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.
From the Pulitzer Prize–winning author of Barbarian Days, this narrative nonfiction classic documents the rising inequality and cultural alienation that presaged the crises of today. “A status report on the American Dream [that] gets its power [from] the unpredictable, rich specifics of people’s lives.”—Time “[William] Finnegan’s real achievement is to attach identities to the steady stream of faceless statistics that tell us America’s social problems are more serious than we want to believe.”—The Washington Post A fifteen-year-old drug dealer in blighted New Haven, Connecticut; a sleepy Texas town transformed by crack; Mexican American teenagers in Washington State, unable to relate to their immigrant parents and trying to find an identity in gangs; jobless young white supremacists in a downwardly mobile L.A. suburb. William Finnegan spent years embedded with families in four communities across the country to become an intimate observer of the lives he reveals in Cold New World. What emerges from these beautifully rendered portraits is a prescient and compassionate book that never loses sight of its subjects’ humanity. A NEW YORK TIMES NOTABLE BOOK • A LOS ANGELES TIMES BEST NONFICTION SELECTION Praise for Cold New World “Unlike most journalists who drop in for a quick interview and fly back out again, Finnegan spent many weeks with families in each community over a period of several years, enough time to distinguish between the kind of short-term problems that can beset anyone and the longer-term systemic poverty and social disintegration that can pound an entire generation into a groove of despair.”—Los Angeles Times Book Review “The most remarkable of William Finnegan’s many literary gifts is his compassion. Not the fact of it, which we have a right to expect from any personal reporting about the oppressed, but its coolness, its clarity, its ductile strength. . . . Finnegan writes like a dream. His prose is unfailingly lucid, graceful, and specific, his characterization effortless, and the pull of his narrative pure seduction.”—The Village Voice “Four astonishingly intimate and evocative portraits. . . . All of these stories are vividly, honestly and compassionately told. . . . While Cold New World may make us look in new ways at our young people, perhaps its real goal is to make us look at ourselves.”—The Philadelphia Inquirer
In this text, William Kostlevy uncovers the forgotten roots of American Pentecostalism by telling the story of one of the most important of these radical communal societies, the Metropolitan Church Association.
Since the nineteenth century, the Ohio River has represented a great divide for African Americans. It provided a passage to freedom along the underground railroad, and during the industrial age, it was a boundary between the Jim Crow South and the urban North. The Ohio became known as the "River Jordan," symbolizing the path to the promised land. In the urban centers of Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Louisville, and Evansville, blacks faced racial hostility from outside their immediate neighborhoods as well as class, color, and cultural fragmentation among themselves. Yet despite these pressures, African Americans were able to create vibrant new communities as former agricultural workers transformed themselves into a new urban working class. Unlike most studies of black urban life, Trotter's work considers several cities and compares their economic conditions, demographic makeup, and political and cultural conditions. Beginning with the arrival of the first blacks in the Ohio Valley, Trotter traces the development of African American urban centers through the civil rights movement and the developments of recent years.
Following its well-received predecessor, this book offers an essential guide to chemists for understanding fluorine in spectroscopy. With over 1000 compounds and 100 spectra, the second edition adds new data – featuring fluorine effects on nitrogen NMR, chemical shifts, and coupling constants. • Explains how to successfully incorporate fluorine into target molecules and utilize fluorine substituents to structurally characterize organic compounds • Includes new data on nitrogen NMR, focusing on N-15, to portray the influence of fluorine upon nitrogen NMR chemical shifts and coupling constants • Expands on each chapter from the first edition with additional data and updated discussion from recent findings • "The flawless ordering of material covered in this stand-alone volume is such that information can be found very easily." – Angewandte Chemie review of the first edition, 2010
The world's most comprehensive, well documented, and well illustrated book on this subject. With extensive subject and geographic index. 81 photographs and illustrations - mostly color. Free of charge in digital PDF format.
This book won the prestigious Oberly Award for the best bibliography in the agricultural or natural sciences in 2009 It contains 2,336 references. Begins with a chronology of soy in Africa from 1857 to 2009. This is a book about the history of soybeans and soyfoods in Africa, Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoro Islands, Comoros, Congo Republic, Congo, Democratic Republic of (DRC), Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Cote d'Ivoire, Ivory Coast, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Niger, Reunion, Rhodesia, Rwanda, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sao Tome and Principe, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Contains a full-page color map of soy in Africa, plus 25 historical illustrations and photos, many color.
The Negro Southern League was a baseball minor league that operated off and on from 1920 to 1951. It served as a valuable feeder system to the Negro National League and the Negro American League. A number of NNL and NAL stars got their start in the NSL, among them five Hall of Famers including Satchel Paige and Willie Mays. During its history, more than 80 teams were members of the league, representing 40 cities in a dozen states. In the end only four teams remained, operating more as semipro than professional teams. This book is a narrative history of the league from its inception with eight teams in major Southern cities until its demise three decades later.
Surgery of the Skin: Procedural Dermatology, by Dr. June K. Robinson et al, will help you put the latest medical and cosmetic surgical procedures to work in your practice. Taking a surgeon’s eye view, it discusses and illustrates new procedures such as botulinum toxin treatments and tumescent facelifts so you can provide your patients with the most effective, cutting-edge care. Videos online show you how to perform these in-depth surgical procedures in detail. Improve surgical outcomes and avoid pitfalls with expert, evidence-based guidance. Visualize every technique and concept with more than 1,000 full-color photographs and state-of-the-art drawings. Stay on the cutting edge with in-depth step-by-step descriptions of tumescent vertical vector facelifts, blepharoplasty, composite grafts, Botox treatments, soft tissue augmentation, management of dysplastic nevi and melanoma, and more. Master the newest surgical techniques including botulinum toxin treatments, blepharoplasty, tumescent facelifts, soft tissue augmentation, composite grafts and the management of dysplastic nevi and melanoma.
Offers a compendium of information on retrosynthesis and process chemistry, featuring innovative "reaction maps" showing synthetic routes of some widely used drugs This book illustrates how the retrosynthetic tool is applied in the Pharmaceutical Industry. It considers and evaluates the many viable synthetic routes that can be used by practicing industrialists, guiding readers through the various steps that lead to the "best" processes and the limits encountered if these are put into practice on an industrial scale of seven key Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API). It presents an evaluation of the potential each process has for implementation, before merging the two points of view—of retrosynthesis and process chemistry—in order to show how retrosynthetic analysis assists in selecting the most efficient route for an industrial synthesis of a particular compound whilst giving insight into the industrial process. The book also uses some key concepts used by process chemists to improve efficiency to indicate the best route to select. Each chapter in Retrosynthesis in the Manufacture of Generic Drugs Selected Case Studies is dedicated to one drug, with each containing information on: worldwide sales and patent status of the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API); structure analysis and general retrosynthetic strategy of the API; first reported synthesis; critical analysis of the processes which have been developed and comparison of the synthetic routes; lessons learned; reaction conditions for Schemes A to X; chemical "highlights" on key reactions used during the synthesis; and references. Drugs covered include: Gabapentin, Clopidogrel, Citalopram and Escitalopram, Sitagliptin, Ezetimibe, Montelukast, and Oseltamivir. Show how the retrosynthetic tool is used by the Pharmaceutical Industry Fills a gap for a book where retrosynthetic analysis is systematically applied to active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) Features analyses and methodologies that aid readers in uncovering practical synthetic routes to other drug substances, whether they be NCEs (New Chemical Entities) or generic APIs (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients) Presents information from both the patent and academic literature for those who wish to use as a basis for further study and thought Features the use of "reaction maps" which display several synthetic processes in the same scheme, and which allow easy comparisons of different routes that give the same molecule or intermediate. A selection of these maps are available to download from: https://www.wiley.com/go/santos/retrosynthesis Retrosynthesis in the Manufacture of Generic Drugs Selected Case Studies is an ideal book for researchers and advanced students in organic synthetic chemistry and process chemistry. It will also be of great benefit to practitioners in the pharmaceutical industry, particularly new starters, and those new to process chemistry.
With a balance of theory and practical applications, Tectonic Geomorphology of Mountains is essential reading for research geologists and upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in the earth sciences. This book describes how tectonic events influence geomorphic processes and explores how landscapes respond to tectonic deformation in the ways in which they are weathered, washed, and abraded Uses new approaches to enhance theoretical models of landscape evolution and to solve practical problems such as the assessment of earthquake hazards Includes previously unpublished research and theory Examines how to use key landforms as reference levels in changing landscapes, estimate rates of mountain-range uplift, and map seismic shaking caused by prehistorical earthquakes Presents a diverse range of examples from around the world
A unique presentation that unifies the field, this book brings together concepts and information about contaminant effects at all levels of the biological hierarchy. Beginning at the biomolecular level, this book builds progressively toward a discussion of effects to the global biosphere. Emphasizing ecological components and fundamental paradigms, the authors strike a balance between the presentation of details relevant at each level and the integration of phenomena and processes among levels. A milestone in the field, the book is suitable for graduate courses, as well as a reference for professionals in the field.
Feigin and Cherry's Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases helps you put the very latest knowledge to work for your young patients with unparalleled coverage of everything from epidemiology, public health, and preventive medicine through clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and much more. Ideal for all physicians, whether in an office or hospital setting, Feigin and Cherry’s equips you with trusted answers to your most challenging clinical infectious disease questions. Meet your most difficult clinical challenges in pediatric infectious disease, including today’s more aggressive infectious and resistant strains as well as emerging and re-emerging diseases, with unmatched, comprehensive coverage of immunology, epidemiology, public health, preventive medicine, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and much more. Find the answers you need quickly thanks to an organization both by organ system and by etiologic microorganism, allowing you to easily approach any topic from either direction.
The world's most comprehensive, well documented, and well illustrated book on this subject. With extensive subject and geographical index. 113 photographs and illustrations - mostly color. Free of charge in digital PDF format on Google Books
The view of organic synthesis as "a concentrated expression of predictive ability and creative capacity" was advocated in the early 1950s. A concise and readable account of the role of synthesis in modern science, Organic Synthesis: The Science Behind the Art presents the general ideology of pursuits in the area of organic synthesis, and examines the methodologies that have evolved in the search for solutions to synthetic problems. This unique book details outstanding achievements of modern organic synthesis, not only for their scientific merits, but also for the aesthetic appeal of the target molecules chosen and the intrinsic beauty of the solutions to the problems posed. By judicious selection of data covering the main areas of synthetic explorations, this book serves to illustrate both the evolution of well-known approaches as well as recently emerged trends most likely to determine the future development of organic synthesis. Special attention is given to the consideration of principles of molecular design in promising and challenging areas of current research. Primarily aimed at advanced undergraduate and graduate students, Organic Synthesis: The Science Behind the Art will also be of interest to teachers, researchers and anyone requiring an introduction to the problems of organic synthesis.
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