The author of this book could have had trouble being dispassionate about himself and his subject. He has clearly succeeded in regard to the latter. William Lowell Putnam served his hitch in the U.S. Army's elite 10th Mountain Division, where he commanded a company in combat long before he was eligible to vote, and earned both Purple Heart and Silver Star. He taught geology at Tufts College but, as he puts it, "has consistently misspent" his life in the mountains. He freely admits to having flunked the basic English course at Harvard, but claims to have made up for it in later years by composing and delivering twenty-five years worth of broadcast editorials, serving on several editorial committees, compiling numerous climbers' guides and authoring six books on mountaineering topics. His first biography was of JOE DODGE, who, more than coincidentally, happened to be a childhood neighbor and contem¬porary of his father, the subject of this volume. Writing almost twenty years after the death of Roger Putnam, William has achieved a sufficient perspective to note the flaws as well as the fine points of his subject. But the reader cannot miss the loving respect that permeates the entire text. Roger Putnam was the quintessential Yankee - strong in principle, slow to bend his opinions, sure of his ground and dedicated to hard work. This book is a son's tribute to his distinguished parent - A YANKEE IMAGE.
This is the story of one car --a 1911 Stevens-Duryea Model Y "Big Six" -- and its famous owner, Percival Lowell, the American astronomer best known for his studies of Mars and mathematical prediction of the discovery of Pluto. The narrative follows the vehicle, a product of Frank Duryea -- of the pioneering Duryea brothers -- through its time with Lowell and through subsequent owners to its present status as a moving landmark of history. Important developments in the early history of the gasoline-powered automobile are traced to establish the context in which this remarkable vehicle was created. The community in which the Duryea brothers labored, in short-lived teamwork, and their role in the evolution of the automobile industry are discussed. The text also provides an intimate look at the life of one of America's most important astronomers.
The author of this book could have had trouble being dispassionate about himself and his subject. He has clearly succeeded in regard to the latter. William Lowell Putnam served his hitch in the U.S. Army's elite 10th Mountain Division, where he commanded a company in combat long before he was eligible to vote, and earned both Purple Heart and Silver Star. He taught geology at Tufts College but, as he puts it, "has consistently misspent" his life in the mountains. He freely admits to having flunked the basic English course at Harvard, but claims to have made up for it in later years by composing and delivering twenty-five years worth of broadcast editorials, serving on several editorial committees, compiling numerous climbers' guides and authoring six books on mountaineering topics. His first biography was of JOE DODGE, who, more than coincidentally, happened to be a childhood neighbor and contem¬porary of his father, the subject of this volume. Writing almost twenty years after the death of Roger Putnam, William has achieved a sufficient perspective to note the flaws as well as the fine points of his subject. But the reader cannot miss the loving respect that permeates the entire text. Roger Putnam was the quintessential Yankee - strong in principle, slow to bend his opinions, sure of his ground and dedicated to hard work. This book is a son's tribute to his distinguished parent - A YANKEE IMAGE.
My objective in setting forth this series of mostly autobiographical vignettes was not to inspire a rash of juvenile delinquency but to have something on paper before the age of involuntary repetition set in. I don't feel I owe much to Sir Walter Scott for cribbing the subtitle; he surely cannot have been the first grandfather to assemble stories for the benefit of a few young people of his acquaintance. Nevertheless, it's a good one and I'm grateful. Having been blessed with better than average opportunities throughout most of my years, I have made friends and enjoyed experiences, particularly in mountaineering, that are the stuff of romance. But being myself, and not George Henty or Jack London, I have compiled the bulk of what seems to be the most educational of them in an order that makes sense to me -- geographical, not chronological. Had I thought further ahead at the outset of these adventures in alpinism, I might have kept a fuller diary and certainly made better use of a camera. But in the beginning I was often too busy with life to think about this kind of future need, and a few of the reminiscences that follow are drawn largely from memory. However, the great majority of them can be verified by contemporary records in various mountaineering journals of North America and by several friends who helped make some of these memories as pleasant as they are. I offer them no thanks on this page, for their names and kindnesses are documented in the text following and though not every reference carries reverence or gratitude in its words, they certainly exist in my heart.
Germany's merchant marine fleet -- the second largest in the world prior to 1914 -- played an unintended but decisive role in that nation's defeat in World War I. There were those ships that went to war for the Kaiser on the high seas, those that stayed at home or otherwise played no significant part, and those that were commandeered (mostly in 1917 and by the United States) and used against Germany. This is a well illustrated history, both practical and romantic, of the association each ship may have had with famous people and events of the war, and of the fates of the ships that comprised that fleet.
There may be worse weather, from time to time, at some forbidding place on Planet Earth, but it has yet to be reliably recorded." So begins The Worst Weather on Earth: A History of the Mount Washington Observatory. Mount Washington, at 6,288 feet above sea level, is one of the highest elevations in the eastern United States and is subject to some of the fiercest weather patterns in the world. Situated close to major centers of population, it has been an accessible objective for travellers. The curious, the intrepid, the scientific -- Mount Washington has attracted them all. In this age of satellites and advanced instrumentation, the intricacies of weather observation are now taken for granted. However, not so long ago, weather was a blank on the scientific map of understanding. The Worst Weather on Earth chronicles the social and scientific milieu of those who have recorded the weather on the mountain for over one hundred years. Included are chapters such as "Radio on the Rockpile," which covers the pioneering days of radio broadcasting from the Summit, and "Rime and Reason," which presents a fascinating discussion of rime and the problems of icing that were researched extensively on the Summit. The Worst Weather on Earth is rendered more immediate by the liberal use of contemporary accounts; excerpts from letters, reports, and the log notes of the Summit observers abound, giving the flavor and the excitement of over a century of scientific observation and discovery.
Spanning forty years, this book recreates the spirit of a golden age of exploration and travel when adventure-seeking men and women made grand tours into an unknown wilderness and alpinists, scientists, photographers, and tourists discovered for the first time the secrets of a great and varied land. In the mighty Selkirk Mountains of Canada lies Rogers Pass which was the scene of three major events in the history of North America: in 1884, it presented an enormous obstacle to the Canadian Pacific Railway in its drive to connect the new nation coast-to-coast; it became the site of the first modern, European-style resort hotel in the mountains; and it was the first locality to attract the attention of serious mountaineers from around the world. Putnam blends these three events and weaves them into an accurate early history of the region. He shares with us the heroic, often tragic, tale of the Canadian Pacific Railway. He takes us into the magnificent surroundings of the Great Glacier and we see the modest Glacier House develop through the years into a world- famous luxury hotel. And as the Rogers Pass Glacier area becomes the focal point in the fledgling sport of alpinism in North America, we join the earliest expeditions undertaken in the Selkirk Range. The focus of the book, however, is on the people whose paths cross at Glacier House -- and the author lets them tell their own stories. The personalities of the railroad executives and the hotel staff emerge from correspondence and reports. As a basis of much of the book, Putnam has included many firsthand accounts from the Glacier House register. Known as "The Scrapbook," it contains the handwritten accounts of virtually every notable climber and mountain explorer of the early era. Magnificent historical photographs, many of them never before published, exquisitely illustrate the book. The forty-year saga is vividly retold through these rare photographs of the scenes those early adventurers witnessed when they first visited the Great Glacier and its house.
Arctic Superstars is a thoroughly researched account of the fascinating lives and harrowing journeys of Adolphus Washington Greely and George Wallace Melville, career military officers and Civil War heroes who explored vast reaches of the Arctic during the early 1880s. Greely was best known for commanding the ill-fated Lady Franklin Bay Expedition and Melville for exploring the bitter-cold reaches of Siberia. Both men were among the first five Honorary Members elected by The American Alpine Club shortly after the organization was founded in 1902.
The story of the 1939 American K2 expedition is well known among mountaineers: world-class German-born climber Fritz Wiessner and Pasang Dawa Lama came within 800 feet of attaining the world's second-highest unclimbed summit before turning back for more supplies. Rejoining them on the descent was Dudley Wolfe, who had stayed not far below. Upon reaching the lower camps, the party found them stripped of supplies and deserted. Wiessner decided to descend further to investigate, and left Wolfe behind -- alone. Later, unable to descend solo, Wolfe had to be rescued; but the attempt failed, and Wolfe and Sherpas Pasang Kikuli, Pasang Kitar, and Phinsoo died. Initially, Wiessner was held responsible, but in time the blame shifted to climber Jack Durrance and another Sherpa. The disaster was considered one of the worst accidents in the climbing history of the Himalaya. It was also the subject of much speculation for years afterward. For some historians, the speculation would not rest. There were too many missing pieces, inconsistencies, and unanswered questions for a disaster of this scale. Unfortunately, reliable documentation was scarce. So was the cooperation of the remaining expedition members, who did not want to rekindle the controversy that arose from the expedition's failure. They echoed the neutral statement issued by the investigating committee of the American Alpine Club in 1940, which said, in effect, let sleeping dogs lie. When Andrew J. Kauffman and William L. Putnam later began work on Wiessner's biography, they found discrepancies in the account of the K2 incident. Intrigued, they dug deeper and began to uncover a larger tangle of events than had been previously suspected. The recent availability of Jack Durrance's own trip diary further enabled them to unravel the events of the ill-fated adventure on K2. K2: The 1939 Tragedy retraces the expedition's key elements -- the debilitating weather, the personalities and weaknesses of party members, Wiessner's "romantic vision" uncharacteristic of the climbing era --and reveals the steps that led toward catastrophe. K2: The 1939 Tragedy attempts to balance the accounts of this fifty-year-old saga.
In 1733, John Paul Zenger began to print the New York Journal, the newspaper that was to change Zenger's life and the direction of journalism in colonial America. The material published in the Journal so incensed Sir William Cosby, the royal governor, that Zenger was arrested for seditious libel. Zenger's case was taken on by Andrew Hamilton, the foremost lawyer in the colonies, and after several months in prison the printer was found innocent. The case became a landmark of journalistic freedom, establishing that truth was the ultimate defense against charges of slander or libel, and was both emblem and incitement of America's belief in a free press. This work traces Zenger's life, the development of what was to become the U.S. Constitution's First Amendment freedom in the colonies, and its subsequent evolution on both sides of the Atlantic.
This collection of 216 letters offers an accessible, single-volume distillation of the exchange between celebrated brothers William and Henry James. Spanning more than fifty years, their correspondence presents a lively account of the persons, places, and events that affected the Euro-American world from 1861 until the death of William James in August 1910. An engaging introduction by John J. McDermott suggests the significance of the Selected Letters for the study of the entire family.
Established in 1894 in Flagstaff, Arizona by Percival Lowell, the Lowell Observatory on Mars Hill is still remembered as the site of numerous important astronomical firsts. The great recessional velocities of galaxies were first observed here in the years immediately before the first world war, a discovery that ultimately led scientists to the realization that our universe is expanding. In 1930, the dwarf planet Pluto was discovered at Lowell by astronomer Clyde Tombaugh. This volume is a series of vignettes in the observatory's history, from its foundation and early years under Lowell's guidance to its more modern-day accomplishments. It is richly illustrated with photographs from the Lowell archives.
A leading historian of astronomy and a leading planetary scientist who works at the forefront of space exploration provide a comprehensive history of the solar system's most alluring planet beyond Earth. William Sheehan and Jim Bell chronicle how ancient watchers of the skies attended to Mars's red color and baffling movements, how three and a half centuries of telescopic observations added vistas and controversies around possible seas and continents and canals, and how the current era of exploration by flyby, orbiter, lander, and rover spacecraft have conjured for us the reality of a world of towering shield volcanoes, vast canyons, ancient dry riverbeds--and even possible evidence of past life. A unique collaboration between two authors on the forefront of Mars explorations, past and future, Discovering Mars provides an ambitious, detailed, and evocative account of humanity's enduring fascination with the Red Planet.
Written by William Sheehan, a noted historian of astronomy, and Christopher J. Conselice, a professional astronomer specializing in galaxies in the early universe, this book tells the story of how astronomers have pieced together what is known about the vast and complicated systems of stars and dust known as galaxies. The first galaxies appeared as violently disturbed exotic objects when the Universe was only a few 100 million years old. From that tortured beginning, they have evolved though processes of accretion, merging and star formation into the majestic spirals and massive ellipticals that dominate our local part of the Universe. This of course includes the Milky Way, to which the Sun and Solar System belong; it is our galactic home, and the only galaxy we will ever know from the inside. Sheehan and Conselice show how astronomers’ understanding has grown from the early catalogs of Charles Messier and William Herschel; developed through the pioneering efforts of astronomers like E.E. Barnard, V.M. Slipher, Henrietta Leavitt, Edwin Hubble and W.W. Morgan; and finally is reaching fruition in cutting-edge research with state-of-the-art instruments such as the Hubble Space Telescope that can see back to nearly the beginning of the Universe. By combining archival research that reveals fascinating details about the personalities, rivalries and insights of the astronomers who created extragalactic astronomy with the latest data gleaned from a host of observa tions, the authors provide a view of galaxies – and their place in our understanding of the Universe – as they have never been seen before.
Astronomy Book of the Year, Mercury Magazine (Astronomical Society of the Pacific) Do we really know what we see through a telescope? How does the ocular system construct planetary images, and how does the brain interpret them? Drawing on both astronomical and psychological data, William Sheehan offers the first systematic analysis of the perceptual and cognitive factors that go into the initial structuring of a planetary image and its subsequent elaboration. Sheehan details the development of lunar and planetary astronomy, beginning with Galileo’s study of the moon, and focuses particularly on the discover of “canals” on Mars. Through each episode he underscores a perceptual or psychological theme, such as the importance of differences in vision, tachistoscopic perceptual effects, the influence of expectation and suggestion on what one sees, and the social psychology of scientific discovery. Planets and Perception is a provocative book that will intrigue anyone who has ever looked through a telescope. In addition, it offers the psychologically oriented reader a case history in the processes of perception unlike any other in the literature.
Twenty years after the Viking missions of the ’70s, we are finally going back to Mars. No fewer than ten missions are planned for the period between 1996 and 2003, and it is likely that human explorers will follow soon after--perhaps by the middle of the twenty-first century. When they do, they will owe much to the Mars of romance, to the early pioneers whose discoveries and disappointments are brought to life in The Planet Mars: A History of Observation and Discovery. In this timely and vividly written account, William Sheehan traces human fascination with Mars back to the naked-eye observers of the planet. He recalls the early telescopic observers who first made out enigmatic markings and polar caps on its surface. Through lively historical anecdotes, he describes in detail the debate over the so-called canals of Mars, which encouraged speculation that the planet might be inhabited. Finally, Sheehan describes more recent theories about the planet, leading up to the present, when unmanned spacecraft have enabled us to make giant strides in exploration. Well documented and sparked with human interest, this book will be a useful companion and guide in interpreting the barrage of headlines about Mars that is sure to come over the next few years. Amateurs will appreciate the contributions that have been made to Martian studies by people like themselves, and professionals will find much original material that has never before been published. The American Mars Global Surveyor is scheduled for launch in November 1996, and soon after the American Mars Pathfinder will make its way toward the red planet. A Russian mission consisting of an orbiter and two landers will be launched in October 1997. These space travelers will write a whole new chapter in the dramatic story of Mars, a planet whose exploration has only just begun. Astronomy Book Club main selection and selections of Book-of-the-Month Club and Quality Paperback Book Club.
This annotated edition of General Hodges’s WWII diary offers a unique firsthand account of the First US Army from D-Day to V-E Day: “a fascinating book” (Bowling Green Daily News). During World War II, General Courtney Hicks Hodges commanded the First US Army, taking part in the Allied invasion of France, the liberation of Paris, and the ultimate Allied victory in 1945. Maintained by two of Hodges's aides, Major William C. Sylvan and Captain Francis G. Smith Jr., this military journal offers a unique firsthand account of the actions, decisions, and daily activities of General Hodges and the First Army throughout the war. The diary opens on June 2, 1944, as Hodges and the First Army prepare for the Allied invasion of France. In the weeks and months that follow, the diary highlights the crucial role that Hodges's command played in the Allied operations in northwest Europe. The diary recounts the First Army's involvement in the fight for France, the Siegfried Line campaign, the Battle of the Bulge, the drive to the Roer River, and the crossing of the Rhine, following Hodges and his men through savage European combat until the German surrender in May 1945. This historically significant text has previously been available only to military historians and researchers. Retired US Army historian John T. Greenwood has now edited the text in its entirety and added a biography of General Hodges as well as extensive contextual notes. A Choice Outstanding Academic Title Winner of the 2009 Distinguished Writing Award from the Army Historical Foundation
An account of how America’s greatest crisis began, by “the Civil War’s master historical detective” (Stephen W. Sears, author of Chancellorsville). This groundbreaking book investigates the mystery of how the Civil War began, reconsidering the big question: Was it inevitable? The award-winning author of Andersonville and Lincoln’s Autocrat vividly recreates President Abraham Lincoln’s first year in office, from his inauguration through the rising crisis of secession and the first several months of the war. Drawing on original sources and examining previously overlooked factors, he leads the reader inexorably to the conclusion that Lincoln not only missed opportunities to avoid war but actually fanned the flames—and often acted unconstitutionally in prosecuting the war once it had begun. With a keen eye for the telling detail, on the battlefield as well as in the White House, this is revisionist history at its best, not sparing anyone, even Abraham Lincoln. “A brilliant narrative that reveals the possibilities of the past that were squandered by historical figures who seem so unassailable and godlike to us today.” —Peter S. Carmichael, author of The Last Generation “The most provocative account of events in 1861 in a generation. Readers who think they understand the Civil War’s first year and the roles played by Abraham Lincoln, Nathanial Lyon, Charles Stone, and a host of others should brace themselves for a bold new perspective.” —A. Wilson Greene, author of Breaking the Backbone of the Rebellion
An Impetuous College Undergraduate ... A Nation at War ... A New Unit Seeking "Experienced Mountaineers ... Men of Good Physique ... Who Have Lived and Worked in the Mountains ... " Three letters of recommendation later, in early 1943, William Lowell Putnam joined what was to become the 10th Mountain Division, the first and only mountain warefare unit of the U.S. Army. Green Cognac: The Education of a Mountain Fighter is a superb account of the mountain and ski troops as seen from Putnam's often wry perspective. What transpired during the brief, eventful years of war is the story of Green Cognac, as told by one who was well acquainted with the mountains and mountaineering before he became a mountain fighter. Putnam applied this knowledge while serving in the infantry regiments of the 10th Mountain Division. The elite Mountain Troops were sent to break the German Gothic Line in the Apennine Mountains of Italy. Brilliantly led, they fought their way northward with magnificent dash, seizing control of ten mountain crests. Their determined drive broke the German resistance and brought on the first large-scale enemy surrender of World War II. Much celebrated and studied after the war for their striking success and spirit in the field, the Mountain Trrops presented an awe-inspiring picture of camaraderie and courage. From the bold ski-tropper concept, first suggested in 1940, to the final days of demobilization at the end of 1945, this is their story.
A Tale of Two Passes, An Inquiry into Certain Alpine Literature, Light Technology Publishing's newest title, is devoted to treasuring the history of Mont Cenis and the Great Saint Bernard passages. Both of these passes were prominently and frequently used by the Romans in establishing and maintaining their empire. It is surmised that Hannibal and his troops found elephant-friendly passages through the Mont Cenis corridor. Both passes were adorned with hospices/shelters near their crest and both now have been by passed by modern tunnels. Despite these similarities, their historic prominence derives from distinctly different events and factors.
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