Global trends suggest that the number of people involuntarily displaced will increase exponentially in the coming decades. The authors argue that when the agency, time-tested adaptations, innovative capacities, dignity, and human rights of displaced people are respected as full participants in the rebuilding of their communities, livelihoods and standards of living, resettlement outcomes are more positive. The goal of resettlement must be the sustainable social, economic and human development of affected communities, requiring a praxis of ethical commitment to effective, actionable recommendations based on empirical observation. The authors draw on case examples from Asia, Africa and the Americas. This book will be of interest to resettlement specialists, planners, administrators, nongovernmental and civil society organizations, and scholars and students of anthropology, sociology, development studies, and social policy.
A growing body of evidence has begun to reveal flaws in the traditional assumption of female passivity and lack of discrimination after copulation has begun. William Eberhard has compiled an impressive array of research on the ability of females to shape the outcome of mating. He describes studies of many different cryptic mechanisms by which a female can accept a male for copulation but nevertheless reject him as a father. Evidence from various fields indicates that such selectivity by females may be the norm rather than the exception. Because most post-copulatory competition between males for paternity is played out within the bodies of females, female behavior, morphology, and physiology probably often influence male success in these contests. Eberhard draws examples from a diversity of organisms, ranging from ctenophores to scorpions, nematodes to frogs, and crickets to humans. Cryptic female choice establishes a new bridge between sexual selection theory and reproductive physiology, in particular the physiological effects of male seminal products on female reproductive processes, such as sperm transport, oviposition, and remating. Eberhard interweaves his review of previous studies with speculation on the consequences of this theoretical development, and indicates promising new directions for future research.
This vol. is the first published product of the Pennsylvania Flora Database, created & maintained at the Morris Arboretum of the U. of Pennsylvania. The database has its roots in the work of Edgar T. Wherry, John M. Fogg, Jr., & Herbert A. Wahl, the Atlas of the Flora of PennsylvaniaÓ (Wherry et al. 1979), published by the Morris Arboretum. Over a period of 40 years, Wherry & his colleagues gathered data from the major Pennsylvania herbaria & manually placed a quarter of a million dots on over 3500 maps (Fogg 1944). The Pennsylvania Flora Database retains the emphasis on specimen-based, site-specific data. The checklist of included taxa has undergone extensive review to reflect recent taxonomic & nomenclatural revisions. Questionable specimens have been re-evaluated with the result that several taxa included in earlier works were dropped. Recent discoveries have been added & distribution data has been updated. This vol. also includes collections made in the 1990s in conjunction with the Pennsylvania Natural Diversity Inventory (PNDI), the state heritage program. The maps present the accumulated collection of information for each taxon as represented in the herbaria. Illus., reprinted 1996.
Unlocking the puzzle of how animals behave and how they interact with their environments is impossible without understanding the physiological processes that determine their use of food resources. But long overdue is a user-friendly introduction to the subject that systematically bridges the gap between physiology and ecology. Ecologists--for whom such knowledge can help clarify the consequences of global climate change, the biodiversity crisis, and pollution--often find themselves wading through an unwieldy, technically top-heavy literature. Here, William Karasov and Carlos Martínez del Rio present the first accessible and authoritative one-volume overview of the physiological and biochemical principles that shape how animals procure energy and nutrients and free themselves of toxins--and how this relates to broader ecological phenomena. After introducing primary concepts, the authors review the chemical ecology of food, and then discuss how animals digest and process food. Their broad view includes symbioses and extends even to ecosystem phenomena such as ecological stochiometry and toxicant biomagnification. They introduce key methods and illustrate principles with wide-ranging vertebrate and invertebrate examples. Uniquely, they also link the physiological mechanisms of resource use with ecological phenomena such as how and why animals choose what they eat and how they participate in the exchange of energy and materials in their biological communities. Thoroughly up-to-date and pointing the way to future research, Physiological Ecology is an essential new source for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students-and an ideal synthesis for professionals. The most accessible introduction to the physiological and biochemical principles that shape how animals use resources Unique in linking the physiological mechanisms of resource use with ecological phenomena An essential resource for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students An ideal overview for researchers
Classic Anthropology is Bennett's label for the work produced by anthropologists during the period 1915-1955, which many believe represents the most productive era in the discipline's history. It is also one that can never be repeated, given the fact that most of anthropology's basic data - the ideas and customs of tribal peoples - have been extinguished or greatly transformed by modernization and nationalization. The book is composed of some fifteen essays. Among the issues examined are: the emergence of a functionalist viewpoint in ethnology; the difficulties of developing a theory of human behavior because of the focus on culture; the "search" for concepts of culture to serve specialized needs; the neglect of social psychology by the "culture and personality" field; how value judgments emerged, willy-nilly - or conversely, were neglected, in ethnological research; how applied anthropology was challenged by "Action Anthropology"; and how the interdisciplinary anthropology of the late 1940s was submerged in the postwar effort to return the discipline to traditionalroots. Individual anthropologists whose work is examined include, among others. Bronislaw Malinowski, Leslie Spier, Alfred Kroeber, Ralph Linton, Margaret Mead, Ruth Benedict, Clyde Kluckhohn, Gregory Bateson, and Walter Taylor.
How women changed the American landscape from planting war victory gardens to saving the redwoods, beautifying the highway to creating horticultural standards. In 1904, Elizabeth Price Martin founded the Garden Club of Philadelphia. In 1913, twelve garden clubs in the eastern and central United States signed an agreement to form the Garden Guild. The Garden Guild would later become the Garden Club of America (GCA), now celebrating its 100th anniversary in 2013. GCA is a volunteer nonprofit organization comprised of 200 member clubs and approximately 18,000 members throughout the country. Comprised of all women, GCA has emerged as a national leader in the fields of horticulture, conservation, and civic improvement. As an example, in 1930, GCA was a key force in preserving the redwood forests of California, helping to create national awareness for the need to preserve these forests, along with contributing funds to purchase land on which they stood. The Garden Club of America Grove and the virgin forest tract of Canoe Creek contain some of the finest specimens of the redwood forests. The Garden Club of America is a centennial celebration of strong women who nurtured the country, helped spread the good word of gardening, and continue to plant seeds of awareness.
The second volume of the collected papers of W D Hamilton, the most important theoretical biologist of the 20th century. Volume 1, The Evolution of Social Behaviour (OUP, still in print), was devoted to the first half of Hamilton's life's work; Volume 2 is devoted to the other half, on sex and sexual selection. Each paper is accompanied by a specially-written autobiographical introduction.
Many individuals and groups need a usable treatment of the methodology required to assess the human health risks caused by toxicant exposure. This need is shared by industrial hygienists, environmental, occupational and public health professionals, toxicologists, epidemiologists, labor unions, attorneys, regulatory officials, and manufacturers and users of chemicals. The reader needs only a basic knowledge of biology adn algebra in order to utilize the methodology presented. In addition, a basic knowledge of toxicology, epidemiology, and statistics is derisrable for a full understanding of some aspects of risk assessment. Sophisticated computer programs are not required. All the computations can be carried out with a pocked calculator.
Cover -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- I. EMPLOYEE ASSISTANCE: AN OVERVIEW -- Employee Assistance Terms Defined -- Historical Antecedents of EAPs -- Social Betterment -- Personnel Counseling -- Occupational Mental Health -- Industrial Alcoholism -- Employee Assistance Programs -- Why EAPs Are Adopted -- Union Reactions to Employee Assistance -- Member Assistance -- Summary -- II. EAP PROGRAM COMPONENTS AND IMPLEMENTATION -- Program Policy -- EAP Sensitivity to Alcoholism -- The Core Technology of EAPs -- Top-Management Support -- Program Management and Coordination -- Supervisory Training -- Peer Training -- Employee Education -- The Counseling Component -- In-House Services -- External Services -- Community Resource Network -- Union Support and Involvement -- Summary -- III. ISSUES IN PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT -- Program Strategies and Their Effectiveness -- Constructive Confrontation -- Counseling -- The Case for Balance -- Corporate and Union Responsibilities -- Provision of Services -- Confidentiality -- Third-Party Payment -- Summary -- IV. WORKERS' COMPENSATION, ARBITRATION, AND EAPs -- Workers' Compensation Insurance -- Physical-Mental Injuries -- Mental-Physical Injuries -- Mental-Mental Injuries -- The Tort of Mental Distress -- Alcohol and Workers' Compensation -- Arbitration -- Psychiatric Problems -- Alcohol Problems -- Drug Problems -- EAPs and Employer Responsibility -- V. PROGRAM EVALUATION AND THE FUTURE OF EAPS -- Program Evaluation -- Some Neglected Aspects of Program Evaluation -- Future Studies -- Integrating Research into Practice -- The Crucial Balance: A Summary -- EAP Strategies: Constructive Confrontation and Counseling -- Program Adoption -- Labor-Management Cooperation -- Appendix A: Constructive Confrontation and Its Effectiveness -- Appendix B: Counseling and Its Effectiveness -- References
Theological and Semitic Literature for the YearS 1898-1901: A Supplement to the American Journal of Theology and the American Journal of Semite Languages and Literatures.
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