A cornerstone of applied probability, Markov chains can be used to help model how plants grow, chemicals react, and atoms diffuse--and applications are increasingly being found in such areas as engineering, computer science, economics, and education. To apply the techniques to real problems, however, it is necessary to understand how Markov chains can be solved numerically. In this book, the first to offer a systematic and detailed treatment of the numerical solution of Markov chains, William Stewart provides scientists on many levels with the power to put this theory to use in the actual world, where it has applications in areas as diverse as engineering, economics, and education. His efforts make for essential reading in a rapidly growing field. Here Stewart explores all aspects of numerically computing solutions of Markov chains, especially when the state is huge. He provides extensive background to both discrete-time and continuous-time Markov chains and examines many different numerical computing methods--direct, single-and multi-vector iterative, and projection methods. More specifically, he considers recursive methods often used when the structure of the Markov chain is upper Hessenberg, iterative aggregation/disaggregation methods that are particularly appropriate when it is NCD (nearly completely decomposable), and reduced schemes for cases in which the chain is periodic. There are chapters on methods for computing transient solutions, on stochastic automata networks, and, finally, on currently available software. Throughout Stewart draws on numerous examples and comparisons among the methods he so thoroughly explains.
When Captain Siborne died in 1849, it is unlikely that he was aware of the enduring historical legacy that he was to leave behind. His History of the War in France and Belgium in 1815 has become the most well known English history of the famous campaign and despite being written over 150 years ago is still in print, still eminently readable and remarkably accurate. The book was the result of his life’s work and passionate dedication to the “Waterloo Model” which depicts a stage of the battle in tremendous detail. The accuracy of the book is accounted for by four tremendously important points; Firstly, Siborne was engaged by the British military establishment to produce a model of the battle of Waterloo, which he did with scrupulous accuracy including painstaking research on the battle ground and environs including surveys of the ground. Secondly, Siborne was a noted topographical engineer who wrote a number of treatises and one of the standard works of the time enabling his appreciation of the battle to be precise and avoid fault of many histories written merely from maps (some produced years afterward)of the area. Thirdly, he undertook what was a the time a ground-breaking “questionnaire” of the surviving officers of the British, King’s German Legion, Hanoverian units involved, to piece together the events of the day. These letters were published in part by Siborne’s son much later. Fourthly he expanded his search for eye-witness testimony to both the Prussian and French army staffs, and although rebuffed by the French, who were understandably tender about the loss of the battle and their Emperor with it, his enquiries were fruitful amongst the Prussian command who supplied a priceless counterbalance to the sometimes jingoistic British accounts. Siborne and his works were ahead of their time, and his search for an accurate representation of the battle won him few friends at Horse Guards. Funding was difficult to obtain from the British establishment and Siborne’s attempts at self-funding the model which was his life’s work were unsuccessful, Siborne died a broken man. He left behind the “Waterloo Model” and a larger scale model which are housed at the Royal Army Museum in London and this excellent book. We chose the third edition as it includes the impassioned defence of his work against the plagiarism of Rev R Gleig’s “Story of Waterloo” and a number of notable changes from the first and second editions prompted by further eye-witness testimony gathered by Siborne. Author - Captain William Siborne (15 October 1797–9 January 1849)
The Fourth Edition of Bridging Differences: Effective Intergroup Communication builds on the strengths of the previous editions and provides state-of-the-art knowledge about intergroup communication. This new edition brings a strong skills-oriented approach to improving communication effectiveness between people from different groups (e.g., cultures, ethnic groups, social classes). Bridging Differences is based on the assumption that the processes operating when we communicate with people from other groups are the same processes operating when we communicate with people from our own groups. Author William B. Gudykunst has written this book from the perspective of "communicating with strangers" and addresses how factors related to our group memberships (e.g., inaccurate and unfavorable stereotypes of members of other cultures and ethnic groups) can cause us to misinterpret the messages we receive from members of those groups. New to the Fourth Edition: Expanded discussions of several topics such as changing intergroup expectations; cultural differences in attribution processes; cultural and ethnic differences in conflict; cultural differences in indirect messages; cultural differences in uncertainty management; empathy; ethnic and cultural identities; face and its relationship to conflict management; intergroup communication effectiveness; intergroup conflict; intergroup biases; negotiating means; perceptual processes; and prejudice New material has been added on civic engagement; community in public life; diversity and community; the content of stereotypes; communication in romantic relationships; cultural differences in effective communication; and theoretical explanations for prejudice Pedagogical features include end-of-chapter study questions, self-assessment questionnaires, open-ended questions to stimulate readers to think about their implicit theories, and written skill exercises to increase students′ skill development Designed for students taking courses in Intercultural Communication or Intergroup Communication, Bridging Differences is also useful for many courses in Cultural Studies, Anthropology, Sociology, and Management.
Multidisciplinary in scope and fully up to date with the latest advances in medical oncology and more, Bland and Copeland's The Breast, 6th Edition, covers every clinically relevant aspect of the field: cancer, congenital abnormalities, hormones, reconstruction, anatomy and physiology, benign breast disease, and more. In a practical, easy-to-use format ideal for today's busy practitioners, this truly comprehensive resource is ideal for surgical oncologists, breast surgeons, general surgeons, medical oncologists, and others who need to stay informed of the latest innovations in this complex and fast-moving area. - Offers the most comprehensive, up-to-date information on the diagnosis and management of, and rehabilitation following, treatment for benign and malignant diseases of the breast. - Updates include an extensively updated oncoplastic section and extended medical and radiation oncology sections. - Delivers step-by-step clinical guidance highlighted by hundreds of superb illustrations that depict relevant anatomy and pathology, as well as medical and surgical procedures. - Reflects the collaborative nature of diagnosis and treatment among radiologists, pathologists, breast and plastic surgeons, radiation and medical oncologists, geneticists and other health care professionals who contribute to the management of patients with breast disease. - Includes access to procedural videos that provide expert visual guidance on how to execute key steps and techniques. - An eBook version is included with purchase. The eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures and references, with the ability to search, customize your content, make notes and highlights, and have content read aloud.
This text provides a thorough resource on arterial blood gases, covering the full scope of applications. This book is the first of its kind to focus on the needs of educators, students, and practitioners alike. The new edition has been completely updated, providing the latest information from the field, including facts on technical issues, basic physiology, clinical oxygenation, clinical acid base, non-invasive techniques, just to name a few. Instructor resources are available; please contact your Elsevier sales representative for details. This book's amazing content coverage offers a wealth of useful material, including illustrations, tables, examples, and case studies. This new edition is up-to-date with the latest in technology and information, ensuring the most current information is available. New figures and tables enhance the understanding of chapter material. The addition of an NBRC (National Board of Respiratory Care) Challenge at end of each chapter helps readers learn, understand, and put the information together to master the subject. The incorporation of two new On Call Cases per chapter provides further opportunity to practice clinical application of content learned, as well as helping readers utilize their critical thinking skills. Reorganized and improved table of contents presents the material in a more logical, efficient manner.
Probability, Markov Chains, Queues, and Simulation provides a modern and authoritative treatment of the mathematical processes that underlie performance modeling. The detailed explanations of mathematical derivations and numerous illustrative examples make this textbook readily accessible to graduate and advanced undergraduate students taking courses in which stochastic processes play a fundamental role. The textbook is relevant to a wide variety of fields, including computer science, engineering, operations research, statistics, and mathematics. The textbook looks at the fundamentals of probability theory, from the basic concepts of set-based probability, through probability distributions, to bounds, limit theorems, and the laws of large numbers. Discrete and continuous-time Markov chains are analyzed from a theoretical and computational point of view. Topics include the Chapman-Kolmogorov equations; irreducibility; the potential, fundamental, and reachability matrices; random walk problems; reversibility; renewal processes; and the numerical computation of stationary and transient distributions. The M/M/1 queue and its extensions to more general birth-death processes are analyzed in detail, as are queues with phase-type arrival and service processes. The M/G/1 and G/M/1 queues are solved using embedded Markov chains; the busy period, residual service time, and priority scheduling are treated. Open and closed queueing networks are analyzed. The final part of the book addresses the mathematical basis of simulation. Each chapter of the textbook concludes with an extensive set of exercises. An instructor's solution manual, in which all exercises are completely worked out, is also available (to professors only). Numerous examples illuminate the mathematical theories Carefully detailed explanations of mathematical derivations guarantee a valuable pedagogical approach Each chapter concludes with an extensive set of exercises
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