“A heartwarming, poignant and even-handed account of the quintessential American immigrant/family business struggle to succeed against all odds” (Larry King). Nathan’s Famous chronicles the history and business strategies of company founder Nathan Handwerker that led to the success of an iconic international brand and two of America’s most loved foods: the Nathan’s Famous Frankfurter and Crinkle-cut French Fries. Brimming with photos of historic Coney Island, New York, Nathan’s Famous restaurants, and intimate family memories of author, former company Senior Vice president and grandson William Handwerker, Nathan’s Famous details entrepreneurial spirit, business lessons, dramatic corporate missteps and growth. William includes insights into three generations of the Handwerker family, beginning with the founder’s early life, growing up in extreme poverty in Galicia, Poland, as well as his own sons and grandson who contributed to expanding geographic locations, menu and the overall brand. Nathan’s may have started as a small hot dog stand in 1916, but by sticking to his philosophy to “give ’em and let ’em eat,” he was able to beat his competition by providing top quality food at low prices. Nathan’s Famous reveals the successes, trials and tribulations of growing Nathan’s original vision into the international frankfurter corporation it is today.
The third edition of this monograph continues to have the goal of providing an overview of current thought about the spinal cord mechanisms that are responsible for sensory processing. We hope that the book is of value to both basic and clinical neuroscientists. Several changes have been made in the presentation, as well as additions because of the research advances that have been made during the past decade. Chapters 3 and 4 in the previous edition have been subdivided, and now the morphology of primary afferent neu rons of the dorsal root ganglia is described in Chapter 3 and the chemical neuroanatomy of these neurons in Chapter 4. The description of the dorsal horn in the previous Chapter 4 is now included in Chapter 5, and the chemical neuroanatomy of the dorsal horn in Chapter 6. Furthermore, discussions of the descending control systems have now been consolidated at the end of Chapter 12. The authors would like to express their appreciation for the help provided by several individuals. R.E.C. wishes to acknowledge the many things he learned about primary afferent neurons from conversations with Dr S. N. Lawson. He also thanks Lyn Shilling for her assistance with the typing. WDW thanks Dr Nada Lawand for her critical reading of parts of the manuscript, Rosaline Leigh for help with the manuscript, and Griselda Gonzales for preparing the illustrations.
A History of Germany, 1800 to the Present is a commanding survey of modern German history that guides you from the turn of the 19th century right the way through to Germany's continuing world-power status today. Covering the revolutions of 1848-49, Bismarck, the World Wars, the Cold War and the progress of a reunified Germany, the 5th edition of this classic textbook provides an authoritative exploration of the country across the whole period like no other. This edition includes: * A new first chapter covering 1800-1815 * A greatly expanded chapter on the re-unification in 1989-90 * An absorbing final chapter on the political, economic, and social developments in the 'new' Federal Republic from 1990 to the present, including a comprehensive analysis of the financial crisis of 2008-2010 * Additional content throughout on: the political activism and engagement of women from 1848-49 to the present; the significance of German colonialism from 1884 to 1919; the origins of WWI; the Third Reich; and the GDR * Biographical textbox vignettes of key actors * For the first time, 40 images and 9 maps Rich with insights into the key historiographical debates, this book offers a thorough introduction to Germany's complex modern history.
This monograph thoroughly examines the latest theory and research concerning spinal cord mechanisms of sensory processing. The book begins with a historical review of the organization of the peripheral nervous system is outlined in terms of sensory receptors and primary afferent axons. The authors examine the dorsal horn and the structure and function of dorsal horn internurons, and neurophysiological evidence concerning the location of sensory pathways in the spinal cord white matter. After te dorsal column, dorshlateral fasciculus, and the ventral quadrant are covered, the final chapter summarizes knowledge on receptors and spinal cord pathways of various sensations, including touch-pressure, flutter-vibration, pain, temperature, position sense, visceral sensation, and descending control systems.
The obits. It’s the first section many of us turn to when we open the paper, not to see who died, but rather to find out about who lived to discover the interesting lives of people who’ve made a mark. A new annual that collects nearly 300 of the best of The New York Times obituaries from the previous year, The Obits Annual 2012 is a compelling, addictive-as-salted-peanuts “who’s who” of some of the most fascinating people of the twentieth century. Written by top journalists each entry is a jewel, a miniature, nuanced biography filled with the facts we love to read, with the surprise and serendipity of life. There’s David L. Wolper, the producer of Roots—and the story of how he got his start purchasing film footage from Sputnik. The jazz singer, Abbey Lincoln, and her change from glamorous performer—she owned a dress of Marilyn Monroe’s—to civil rights activist (she burned the Monroe dress). Owsley Stanley, the quirky perfecter of LSD, who blamed a heart attack on the fact that his mother made him eat broccoli as a child. Patricia Neal—known by most as a movie star, but her real life, filled with tragedy, adversity, and incredible professional ups and downs, is almost a surreal play of triumph and tragedy. Arranged chronologically, like the obits themselves, it’s a deliciously random walk through the recent past, meeting the philosophers, newsmen, spies, publishers, moguls, soul singers, baseball managers, Nobel Prize winners, models, and others who’ve shaped the world.
Priest and Parish in Vienna, 1780 to 1880" details the social, cultural, and political transformation of the Austrian Catholic priesthood in nineteenth-century Vienna. It shows how priests, a very important and influential group in Austria, were changed from servants of the state into political activists working for the contentious Christian Social Party in fin-de-siecle Vienna.
Throughout Latin America and the rest of the Third World, profound social problems are growing in response to burgeoning populations and unstable economic and political systems. In Peru, terrorist acts by the Shining Path guerilla movement are the most visible manifestation of social discontent, but rapid economic and religious changes have touched the lives of almost everyone, radically altering traditional lifeways. In this twenty-year study of the community of Quinua in the Department of Ayacucho, William Mitchell looks at changes provoked by population growth within a severely limited ecological and economic setting, including increasing conversion to a cash economy and out-migration, the decline of the Catholic fiesta system and the rise of Protestantism, and growing poverty and revolution. When Mitchell first began his field studies in Quinua in 1966, farming was still the Quinueños' principal means of livelihood. But while the population was increasing rapidly, the amount of arable land in the community remained the same, creating increased food shortfalls. At the same time, government controls on food prices and subsidies of cheap food imports drove down the value of rural farm production. These ecological and economic factors forced many people to enter the nonfarm economy to feed themselves. Using a materialist approach, Mitchell charts the new economic strategies that Quinueños use to confront the harsh pressures of their lives, including ceramic production, wage labor, petty commerce, and migration to cash work on the coat and in the eastern tropical forests. In addition, he shows how the growing conversion from Catholicism to Protestantism is also an economic strategy, since Protestant ideology offers acceptable reasons for redirecting the money that used to be spent on elaborate religious festivals to household needs and education. The twenty-year span of this study makes it especially valuable for students of social change. Mitchell's unique, interdisciplinary approach, considering ecological, economic, and population factors simultaneously, offers a model that can be widely applied in many Third World areas. Additionally, the inclusion of an entire chapter of family histories reveals how economic and ecological forces are played out at the individual level.
Pain is a subject of significant scientific and clinical interest. This has resulted both from realistic rodent models, and the publication of imaging, psychological and pharmacological studies in humans. Investigators studying rodents refer to anatomical and physiological studies in non-human primates to make their results relevant to humans. Psychophysical and pharmacological studies in humans are interpreted in terms of anatomical and physiological studies in animals; primarily evidence from rodents and cats. There are significant differences in pain mechanisms between these species and primates. Over 20 years of imaging studies have demonstrated the activation of human cortical and subcortical structures in response to painful stimuli. Interpretation of these results relies upon an understanding of the anatomy and physiology of these structures in primates. Jones, Lenz, Casey and Willis review the anatomy and physiology of nociception in monkeys and humans, and provide a firm basis for interpreting studies in humans.
Originally published in 1978 as part of the Urbanization in Developing Countries series, this is an interdisciplinary study of rapid urban growth in West Africa. Gugler and Flanagan first explore the history of the cities of the early West African empires and they draw on the work of social anthropologists and sociologists, as well as demographers, economists, geographers, historians, political scientists and social psychologists. They then describe the urban explosion that the region experienced after World War II. They explore the implications of widespread urban unemployment and underemployment, the housing crisis and the emergence of metropolitan areas such as Lagos. The literature on urbanization and social change in Black Africa in general, and West Africa in particular, expanded at a fast pace in the years preceding publication. This critical review of the disparate findings filled a gap in African Studies and threw light on the understanding of Third World urbanization.
The 5 Things You Need to Know about Statistics provides an accessible introduction to statistical thinking for anthropologists and other social scientists who feel some mixture of dread and loathing when it comes to quantification and data analysis. It is not so much an introduction to statistics as a primer on how to think statistically in order to do precise ethnographic studies. Readers will be empowered by the realization that statistics is not an arcane, enigmatical science but a set of tools for learning about the world in which we live. Unlike other books on statistics for beginners, this book-guides readers through the underlying logic of the major statistical methods before applying those methods in interpreting ethnographic research, thus emphasizing understanding of quantitative methods;-uses a single data set in explaining each method, allowing readers to grasp how different methods offer varying interpretations of the data;-discusses increasingly complex techniques in plain, easy-to-understand language intended for beginning students.;-covers five central ideas: central tendency, dispersion, Chi-square, ANOVA, correlation;-shows readers how to use these quantitative statistical methods in doing real-life ethnographic fieldwork.
In this book, William R. Uttal continues his analysis and critique of theories of mind. This book considers theories that are based on macroneural responses (such as those obtained from fMRI) that represent the averaged or cumulative responses of many neurons. The analysis is carried out with special emphasis on the logical and conceptual difficulties in developing a theory but with special attention to some of the current attempts to go from these cumulative responses to explanations of the grand question of how the mind is generated by the brain. While acknowledging the importance of these macroneural techniques in the study of the anatomy and physiology of the brain, Uttal concludes that this macroneural approach is not likely to produce a valid neural theory of cognition because the critical information—the states of the individual neurons—involved in brain activity becoming mental activity is actually lost in the process of summation. Controversial topics are considered in detail including discussions of empirical, logical, and technological barriers to theory building in cognitive neuroscience.
Cognitive neuroscientists increasingly claim that brain images generated by new brain imaging technologies reflect, correlate, or represent cognitive processes. This book warns against these claims, arguing that, despite its utility in anatomic and physiological applications, brain imaging research has not provided consistent evidence for correlation with cognition. It bases this argument on a review of the empirical literature, pointing to variability in data not only among subjects within individual experiments but also in the meta-analytical approach that pools data from different experiments.
By the time a baby is born, its brain has nearly 100 billion intricately shaped neurons wired together to comprise a small, soft-matter supercomputer. How is this incredibly complicated organ built in just nine months? This book is a step-by-step guide to what we know about the development of the human brain, from its earliest embryonic origin to birth and a little beyond. Written from an experimental neuroscientist's perspective, this book provides readers with a conceptual understanding of the field of developmental neurobiology, outlining both the biological mechanisms (genetic, environmental, and stochastic) that play significant and interrelated roles in neural development, and how we have come to understand the human brain's construction and function. Highlighting the major questions that have propelled the field forward - including those pushing at the frontiers of the field today - and the stories of major discoveries made by pioneering scientists around the world, the book describes how the structures and mechanisms of the developing brain were discovered. Chapters progress chronologically, tracking the actual growth and development of the human brain from conception to just after birth, as well as the history of how these mechanisms were revealed. Throughout, findings from studies of model organisms, such as nematodes, flies, frogs, fish, birds, mice, and sometimes non-human primates, are woven into the narrative and put into the context of a human embryo or fetus, as there are clear indications that the same processes involving the same genes are found across species. The book concludes with a discussion of what makes individual brains unique and how research on early neural development is helping us better understand the genetic and embryonic origins of many neurological and cognitive traits that only reveal themselves later in life"--
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